This is a list of rulers of

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

from ancient times to the present. :''General context:

History of Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

''.

Aram Damascus The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus () was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later ye ...

* Rezon I (c. 950 BC) *

Tabrimmon Tabrimmon ( he, ''Ṭaḇrīmmon''), also as Tabrimon, also as Tabremon in Douay–Rheims, was an Aramaean king, but there is little known about him. According to the Bible, he is the son of Hezion and the father of Ben-Hadad I:I Kings 15:1 ...

Ben-Hadad I Ben-Hadad I ( he, בן הדד, translit=bn hdd; arc, בר הדד, translit=br hdd), son of Tabrimmon and grandson of Hezion, was king of Aram-Damascus between 885 BC and 865 BC. Ben-Hadad I was reportedly a contemporary of kings Baasha of the ...

(c. 885 BCE–c. 865 BC) *

Hadadezer Hadadezer (; "he god Hadad is help"); also known as Adad-Idri ( akk, 𒀭𒅎𒀉𒊑, dIM-id-ri), and possibly the same as Bar-Hadad II ( Aram.) or Ben-Hadad II ( Heb.), was the king of Aram Damascus between 865 and 842 BC. The Hebrew Bible st ...

(c. 865 BC–c. 842 BC) *

Hazael Hazael (; he, חֲזָאֵל, translit=Ḥazaʾēl, or , romanized as: ; oar, 𐡇𐡆𐡀𐡋, translit= , from the triliteral Semitic root ''h-z-y'', "to see"; his full name meaning, " El/God has seen"; akk, 𒄩𒍝𒀪𒀭, Ḫa-za-’- il ...

(c. 842 BC–c. 804 BC) *

Ben-Hadad III Bar-Hadad III ( Aram.) (ܒܪ ܚܕܕ) or Ben-Hadad III ( Heb.) (בֶּן-הֲדַד) was king of Aram Damascus, the son and successor of Hazael. His succession is mentioned in 2 Kings (, ). He is thought to have ruled from 796 BC to 792 BC, althou ...

(c. 796 BC) *Tab-El (c. 770 BC) *Rezon II (c. 740 BC–732 BC)

Period of non-independence

*to

Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized: ''māt Aššur''; syc, ܐܬܘܪ, ʾāthor) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state at times controlling regional territories in the indigenous lands of the A ...

(732 BC–609 BC) **Ilu-Ittia (c. 8th century BC) *to

Babylon ''Bābili(m)'' * sux, 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 * arc, 𐡁𐡁𐡋 ''Bāḇel'' * syc, ܒܒܠ ''Bāḇel'' * grc-gre, Βαβυλών ''Babylṓn'' * he, בָּבֶל ''Bāvel'' * peo, 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢 ''Bābiru'' * elx, 𒀸𒁀𒉿𒇷 ''Babi ...

(609 BC–539 BC) *to Persian

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...

(539 BC–332 BC) *to

Macedon Macedonia (; grc-gre, Μακεδονία), also called Macedon (), was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by ...

(332 BC–323 BC) *to

Antigonids The Antigonid dynasty (; grc-gre, Ἀντιγονίδαι) was a Hellenistic dynasty of Dorian Greek provenance, descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-Eyed") that ruled mainly in Macedonia. History ...

(323 BC–301 BC) *to Ptolemaic Kingdom (301 BC–198 BC) *to

Seleucids The Seleucid Empire (; grc, Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, ''Basileía tōn Seleukidōn'') was a Greek state in West Asia that existed during the Hellenistic period from 312 BC to 63 BC. The Seleucid Empire was founded by the ...

(198 BC–167 BC) *to

Ituraea Iturea ( grc, Ἰτουραία, ''Itouraía'') is the Greek name of a Levantine region north of Galilee during the Late Hellenistic and early Roman periods. It extended from Mount Lebanon across the plain of Marsyas to the Anti-Lebanon Mount ...

(167 BC–110 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids) *to the

Decapolis The Decapolis (Greek: grc, Δεκάπολις, Dekápolis, Ten Cities, label=none) was a group of ten Hellenistic cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in the Southern Levant in the first centuries BCE and CE. They formed a group b ...

(110 BC–85 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids) *to

Nabataea The Nabataean Kingdom (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈 ''Nabāṭū''), also named Nabatea (), was a political state of the Arab Nabataeans during classical antiquity. The Nabataean Kingdom controlled many of the trade routes of the region, ...

(85 BC–64 BC) *to the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kin ...

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

(64 BC–635) **to the

Ghassanids The Ghassanids ( ar, الغساسنة, translit=al-Ġasāsina, also Banu Ghassān (, romanized as: ), also called the Jafnids, were an Arab tribe which founded a kingdom. They emigrated from southern Arabia in the early 3rd century to the Levan ...

(529–584; ?–635)

Rashidun , image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of t ...
period

Khalid ibn al-Walid Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career in ...

(635–636) *

Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ ( ar, عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح; 583–639 CE), better known as Abū ʿUbayda ( ar, أبو عبيدة ) was a Muslim commander and one of the Companions of the Islamic prophet M ...

(636–637) *

Amr ibn al-Aas ( ar, عمرو بن العاص السهمي; 664) was the Arab commander who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt and served as its governor in 640–646 and 658–664. The son of a wealthy Qurayshite, Amr embraced Islam in and was assigned import ...

(637–640) *

Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayya ( ar, يزيد بن أبي سفيان بن حرب بن أمية, Yazīd ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya; died 639) was a leading Arab Muslim commander in the conquest of Syria from 634 until his de ...

(640) * Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640–661)

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
period

Muawiyah I Mu'awiya I ( ar, معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years after the deat ...

ibn Abu Sufyan (661–680) *

Yazid I Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( ar, يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 64611 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled from ...

ibn Muawiyah (680–683) *

Muawiya II Mu'awiya ibn Yazid ( ar, معاوية بن يزيد, Muʿāwiya ibn Yazīd; 664 – 684 CE), usually known simply as Mu'awiya II was the third Umayyad caliph. He succeeded his father Yazid I as the third caliph and last caliph of the Sufyanid l ...

ibn Yazid (683–684) *

Marwan I Marwan ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As ibn Umayya ( ar, links=no, مروان بن الحكم بن أبي العاص بن أمية, Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ ibn Umayya), commonly known as MarwanI (623 or 626April/May 685), was the fo ...

ibn Hakam (684–685) *

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam ( ar, عبد الملك ابن مروان ابن الحكم, ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 ...

(685–705) *

al-Walid I Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( ar, الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان, al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; ), commonly known as al-Walid I ( ar, الوليد الأول), was the sixth Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad ca ...

ibn Abd al-Malik (705–715) *

Suleiman Suleiman (Arabic language, Arabic: سُلِيمَان ''sulaymān''; or dictionary.reference.comsuleiman/ref>) is the Arabic name of the Quranic king and Islam, Islamic prophet Solomon (name), Solomon meaning "man of peace", derived from the Heb ...

ibn Abd al-Malik (715–717) *

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ( ar, عمر بن عبد العزيز, ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz; 2 November 680 – ), commonly known as Umar II (), was the eighth Umayyad caliph. He made various significant contributions and reforms to the society, and ...

(717–720) *

Yazid II Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ( ar, يزيد بن عبد الملك, Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; — 28 January 724), also referred to as Yazid II, was the ninth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 9 February 720 until his death in 724. Early life Yazid was b ...

ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724) *

Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ( ar, هشام بن عبد الملك, Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; 691 – 6 February 743) was the tenth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 724 until his death in 743. Early life Hisham was born in Damascus, the administra ...

(724–743) * al-Walid II ibn Yazid II (743–744) *

Yazid III Yazīd ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik (701 – 3/4 October 744) ( ar, يزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك) usually known simply as Yazid III was the twelfth Umayyad caliph. He reigned for six months, from April 15 to October 3 or ...

ibn al-Walid (744) *

Ibrahim Ibrahim ( ar, إبراهيم, links=no ') is the Arabic name for Abraham, a Biblical patriarch and prophet in Islam. For the Islamic view of Ibrahim, see Abraham in Islam. Ibrahim may also refer to: * Ibrahim (name), a name (and list of people ...

ibn al-Walid (744) *

Marwan II Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam ( ar, مروان بن محمد بن مروان بن الحكم, Marwān ibn Muḥammad ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; – 6 August 750), commonly known as Marwan II, was the fourteenth and last caliph of ...

ibn Muhammad (ruled from

Harran Harran (), historically known as Carrhae ( el, Kάρραι, Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border cr ...

in the

Jazira Jazira or Al-Jazira ( 'island'), or variants, may refer to: Business *Jazeera Airways, an airlines company based in Kuwait Locations * Al-Jazira, a traditional region known today as Upper Mesopotamia or the smaller region of Cizre * Al-Jazira (c ...

, 744–750)

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...
period

Abdallah ibn Ali Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī (; – 764 CE) was a member of the Abbasid dynasty, and played a leading role in its rise to power during the Abbasid Revolution. As governor of Bilad al-Sham, Syria, he consolidated Abbasid control over th ...

(750–754) *

Salih ibn Ali Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās () (711–769) was a member of the Banu Abbas who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. Life Salih and his brother Abd Allah were among the van of the Abbasid forces which ove ...

(754) * Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi (754–764) *

Al-Fadl ibn Salih Al-Faḍl ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās ( ar, الفضل بن صالح بن علي بن عبد الله العباسي) (740Tabari, Hillenbrand, 1989, p.55.–789) was the Abbasid governor of a number of different pr ...

(766–775) * Abu Ja'far Harun al-Rashid (783–786) * Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 785) *

Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Imam Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mono ...

(?–788) * Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 788–791) * Musa ibn Isa (c. 792) * Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (c. 792) *

Abd al-Malik ibn Salih ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī () (, ''Abimelech'', in Greek sources; 750–812 CE) was a member of the Banu Abbas who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. He distinguished himself in several raids against the Byzantine Em ...

(793–795) *Ishaq ibn Isa ibn Ali (c. 795–?) * Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (802–803) *

Ja'far ibn Yahya Jafar ibn Yahya Barmaki, Jafar al-Barmaki ( fa, جعفر بن یحیی برمکی, ar, جعفر بن يحيى, Jafar bin yaḥyā) (767–803) also called Aba-Fadl, was a Persian vizier of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, succeeding his father ...

(803) *Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (803–804) *

Sulayman ibn al-Mansur Sulaymān ibn al-Manṣūr ( ar, سليمان بن المنصور), better known as Sulaymān ibn Abī Jaʿfar ( ar, سليمان بن أبي جعفر), was an Abbasid prince and served as governor of Basra, al-Jazira and Syria during the reign of ...

(804–805) * Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (c. 806) *Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba (807–809) * Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (809–810) *Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (810) *

(810) * Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Bayhas (813–823 or 824/825) *Ma'yuf ibn Yahya ibn Ma'yuf al-Hamdani or Sadaqa ibn Uthman al-Murri (appointed by viceroy Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani) (825–?) * Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (c. 828) *Dinar ibn Abd Allah (c. 839) *Muhammed ibn al-Jahm al-Sami (c. 839) *Musa ibn Ibrahim al Rafiqi (c. 842) *Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847) *

Malik ibn Tawk Malik ibn Tawk ibn Malik ibn 'Attab at-Taghlibi () (died 873) was an Arab Abbasid official during the reigns of caliphs al-Wathiq (r. 842–847) and al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861). He is best known as the founder of the fortress town of al-Rahba on ...

(847–850) * Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad ibn al-Mutawakkil (850–855) *al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861) *Yunus ibn Tarja (c. 861) *Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (861–866) *Salih ibn al-Abbasi al-Turki (c. 866) *Ahmad ibn Khalil al Shaybani (c. 866) *Yamkjur al-Turki (c. 869) *Asram al-Turki (c. 870) *

Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani Abu Musa Isa ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salil al-Dhuhli al-Shaybani (; died 882/83) was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. Taking advantage of the domestic turmoil of the Abbasid Caliphate, he created a semi-independent bedouin state in Palestine a ...

, rebel governor (c. 870) *

Amajur al-Turki Amajur al-Turki ( ar, أماجور التركي) (also known as Majur, Anajur and Majura) was a Turkic peoples, Turkic military officer for the Abbasid Caliphate. He served as the List of rulers of Damascus, governor of Jund Dimashq, Damascus during ...

(870–878) *to

Tulunid The Tulunids (), were a Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who were the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt, as well as much of Syria, since the Ptolemaic dynasty. They were independent from 868, when they broke away from the central authority ...

Egypt (877–904) **

Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...

(878) **Ahmad ibn Wasif ** Tughj ibn Juff (896–905) *Abbasid restauration: **

Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh ( ar, أحمد بن كيغلغ) was an Abbasid military officer of Turkic origin who served as governor in Syria and Egypt. He was ousted as governor of Egypt by Muhammad ibn Tughj in 935. Life In November 903 he particip ...

(905–906) **al-Rashidi (928–931) **

Muhammad ibn Tughj Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ṭughj ibn Juff ibn Yiltakīn ibn Fūrān ibn Fūrī ibn Khāqān (8 February 882 – 24 July 946), better known by the title al-Ikhshīd ( ar, الإخشيد) after 939, was an Abbasid commander and governor who becam ...

(931–935) *to

Ikhshidid The Ikhshidid dynasty (, ) was a Turkic mamluk dynasty who ruled Egypt and the Levant from 935 to 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi. The dynasty carried the Arabic ti ...

Egypt (935–969), except for: **

Muhammad Ibn Ra'iq Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ra'iq (died 13 February 942), usually simply known as Ibn Ra'iq, was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate, who exploited the caliphal government's weakness to become the first '' amir al-umara'' ("commander of commander ...

(939–942) **Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945) **

Sayf al-Dawla ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī ( ar, علي بن أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان بن الحارث التغلبي, 22 June 916 – 9 February 967), more commonly known ...

(briefly in 945 and 947)

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dy ...
emirs

* Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970–971) ;

Qarmatian The Qarmatians ( ar, قرامطة, Qarāmiṭa; ) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious-utopian socialist state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adhe ...

occupation of Damascus *Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973–974) *Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974) *Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974) * Alptakin al-Mu'izzi (975–978) *Qassam al-Turab (978–983) ;Fatimid recovery of Damascus *Baltakin al-Turki (983) *

Bakjur Bakjur was a Circassian military slave (''mamluk'' or ''ghulam'') who served the Hamdanids of Aleppo and later the Fatimids of Egypt. He seized control of Aleppo in 975 and governed it until 977, when the rightful Hamdanid ruler, Sa'd al-Dawla, reg ...

(983–991) *Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991) *

Manjutakin Manjutakin ( ar, منجوتكين) was a military slave (''ghulam'') of the Fatimid Caliph al-Aziz (). Of Turkic origin, he became one of the leading Fatimid generals under al-Aziz, fighting against the Hamdanids and the Byzantines in Syria. He r ...

(993–996) *Sulayman ibn Fallah (996) *Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997–998) *Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998–1000) *Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002) * Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004) *Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009) *Hamid ibn Mulham (1009) *Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011) *Badr al-Attar (1011–1012) *Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014) *Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021) *Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023) *Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024) *Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028) * Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041) * Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048) *Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049) * Rifq al-Khadim (1049) *Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058) *Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058) * Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060) *Sebuq Tegin (1060) *Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061) *Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061) *Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061) *Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063) *

Badr al-Jamali Abū'l-Najm Badr ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Jamālī al-Mustanṣirī, better known as Badr al-Jamali ( ar, بدر الجمالى) was an Armenian Shia Muslim Fatimid vizier, and prominent statesman for the Fatimid Caliphate under Caliph al-Mustansir. Hi ...

(1063) *Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067) *Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069) *Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071) *Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ...
emirs

* Atsiz ibn Abaq (1076–1079) *

Tutush I Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094. Years under Malik Shah Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I. In 1 ...

(1079–1095) *

Duqaq Dukak or Duqaq may refer to: * Tuqaq Tuqaq, tr, Dukak bey, tk, Dukak beg or ''Dukak Temür Yalïgh'' is described as the father of Seljuq, the founder of the eponymous dynasty, in the Maliknamah tradition. Sources Maliknamah The Malikna ...

, son of Tutush I (1095–1104) *

Tutush II Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094. Years under Malik Shah Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I. In 1 ...

, son of Duqaq (1104) *

Irtash Irtash; ar, إرتاش), also romanised as ''Artash'', Irtāsh, and ''Ertash'', though al-Athir uses ''Bektash'' ( tr, Bektaş; ar, باقتش). He had two known honorific titles, ''Muhyi al-Din'' (Reviver of Religion), and ''Mujir ad-Din'' ...

, son of Tutush I (1104)

Burid The Burid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkish origin ''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332. which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus ...
emirs

Toghtekin Toghtekin or Tughtekin (Modern tr, Tuğtekin; Arabicised epithet: ''Zahir ad-Din Tughtikin''; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin, was a Turkic military leader, who was ''atabeg'' of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder o ...

(1104–1128) *

Taj al-Muluk Buri Taj al-Muluk Buri ( ar, تاج الملوك بوري; died 6 June 1132) was an atabeg of Damascus from 1128 to 1132. He was initially an officer in the army of Duqaq, the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, together with his father Toghtekin. When the lat ...

(1128–1132) *

Shams al-Mulk Isma'il Shams al-Mulk Isma'il (1113 – February 1, 1135) was the Burid atabeg (or Seljuk ruler) of the Emirate of Damascus from 1132 to 1135. Early life Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, born in 1113, was the son of Taj al-Muluk Buri, the atabeg of Damascus, an ...

(1132–1135) *

Shihab ad-Din Mahmud The Shihab dynasty (alternatively spelled Chehab; ar, الشهابيون, ALA-LC: ''al-Shihābiyūn'') was an Arab family whose members served as the paramount tax farmers and local chiefs of Mount Lebanon from the early 18th to mid-19th cent ...

(1135–1139) * Jamal ad-Din Muhammad (1139–1140) *

Mu'in ad-Din Unur Mu'in ad-Din Unur al-Atabeki ( tr, Muiniddin Üner; died August 28, 1149) was a Seljuk Turkish ruler of Damascus in the mid-12th century. Origins Mu'in ad-Din was originally a Mamluk in the army of Toghtekin, the founder of the Burid Dynasty of ...

(Regent, 1140–1149) *

Mujir ad-Din Abaq Mujīr ad-Dīn ʿAbd al-Dawla Abu Saʿīd Ābaq ibn Jamāl ad-Dīn Muhammad (died 1169) was the governor of Damascus from 1140 to 1154. He was the eldest son of Jamal ad-Din Muhammad and the last Burid ruler of the Emirate of Damascus. Name His ...

(1140–1154)

Zengid The Zengid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin, which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia on behalf of the Seljuk Empire and eventually seized control of Egypt in 1169. In 1174 the Zengid state extended from Tripoli ...

atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was wit ...
s

Nur ad-Din Mahmud Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī (; February 1118 – 15 May 1174), commonly known as Nur ad-Din (lit. "Light of the Faith" in Arabic), was a member of the Zengid dynasty, which ruled the Syrian province (''Shām'') of the Seljuk Empire. He reig ...

(1154–1174) *

As-Salih Ismail al-Malik As-Salih Ismaʿil al-Malik (1163–1181) was an emir of Damascus and emir of Aleppo in 1174, the son of Nur ad-Din. Biography He was only eleven years old when his father died in 1174. As-Salih came under the protection of the eunuch Gümüs ...

(1174)

Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni ...

emir Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cerem ...
s (some were also sultans of Egypt)

Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...

(1174–1186) * Al-Afdal (1186–1196), Son of Saladin *

Al-Adil I Al-Adil I ( ar, العادل, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub, ar, الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب,‎ "Ahmed, son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Bakr, the Just K ...

(1196–1218) *

Al-Mu'azzam Al-Mu'azzam or al-Muʿaẓẓam ( ar, المعظم, al-Muʿaẓẓam, exalted, label=none) may refer to: * Al-Mu'azzam Isa, emir of Damascus as ''al-Mu'azzam I'' (1218–1227) * Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, emir of Damascus as ''al-Mu'azzam II'' (1249– ...

(1218–1227) *

An-Nasir Dawud An-Nasir Dawud (1206–1261) was a Kurdish ruler, briefly (1227–1229) Ayyubid sultan of Damascus and later (1229–1248) Emir of Kerak. An-Nasir Dawud was the son of Al-Mu'azzam, the Ayyubid Sultan of Damascus from 1218 to 1227. On his fathe ...

(1227–1229) * Al-Ashraf (1229–1237) * As-Salih Ismail (1237) *

Al-Kamil Al-Kamil ( ar, الكامل) (full name: al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad) (c. 1177 – 6 March 1238) was a Muslim ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defeated the Fifth Cru ...

(1237–1238) *

Al-Adil II Al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Sayf ad-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad ( ar, سيف الدين الملك العادل أبو بكر بن ناصر الدين محمد, better known as al-Adil II) (c. 1221 – 9 February 1248) was the Ayyubid ...

(1238–1239) *

As-Salih Ayyub Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (5 November 1205 – 22 November 1249), nickname: Abu al-Futuh ( ar, أبو الفتوح), also known as al-Malik al-Salih, was the Ayyubid Kurdish ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249. Early life In 1221, as-S ...

(1239) * As-Salih Ismail (1239–1245) *

(1245–1249) *

Al-Muazzam Turanshah Turanshah, also Turan Shah ( ar, توران شاه), (? – 2 May 1250), (''epithet:'' al-Malik al-Muazzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah ( ar, الملك المعظم غياث الدين توران شاه)) was a Kurdish ruler of Egypt, a son of Su ...

(1249–1250) *

An-Nasir Yusuf An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236� ...

(1250–1260)

Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
na'ibs

*Sanjar as-Salihi (August/September 1260–October 1260)Sato, p. 79. *Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260–1264) *Aqqush as-Salihi (1264–) *

Sunqur al-Ashqar Shams al-Din Sunqur al-Ashqar al-Salihi ( ar, شمس الدين سنقر الأشقر الصالحي) was the Mamluk viceroy of Damascus in 1279–1280, who attempted to rule Syria independently, in a rebellion against the Egypt-based sultan Qalawun ...

(1279–1280) *Lajin al-Ashqar (1280–?) *Aqush Bey (c. 1290s) *Izz ad-Din Aybak (?–1296) *Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297) *Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1299) *

Aqqush al-Afram Jamal al-Din Aqqush al-Afram al-Mansuri (died 1336) was a high-ranking Mamluk emir and defector, who served as the Mamluk viceroy of Damascus and later the Ilkhanid governor of Hamadan. Mamluk emir Aqqush al-Afram was an ethnic Circassian and beg ...

(1299–1309) * Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340) *Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350) *Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350) *Tash Timur (c. 1380) *Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?–1393) *Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399) *Sudun (1399–1400) *occupied by

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...

(1400–1401) *Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401–?) *

Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq ( ar, الظاهر سيف الدين جقمق; 1373 – 13 February 1453) was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 9 September 1438 to 1 February 1453. Early life and career Jaqmaq was of Circassian descent. He was brought to Eg ...

(1418–1420) *Kijmas (c. 1470s) *Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century) *Sibai (c. 16th century) *Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517) *

Janbirdi al-Ghazali Janbirdi al-Ghazali ( ar, جان بردي الغزالي; ''Jān-Birdi al-Ghazāli''; died 1521) was the first governor of Damascus Province under the Ottoman Empire from February 1519 until his death in February 1521. Career Viceroy of Hama and ...

(1518–1521)

Ottoman walis

Yunus Pasha Yunus Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: يونس پاشا ) (died September 13, 1517) was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire for eight months in 1517, serving from January 30 until his death on September 13. Biography Yunus ...

(c. 1516) *

(1518–1521) *

Ayas Mehmed Pasha Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1483–1539) was an Ottoman statesman and grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1536 to 1539.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 15. (Turkish) He was an Albanian born ...

(1521–1522) * Ferhad Pasha (1522–1523) * Hurram Pasha (1523–1525) * Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525–1526) * Lutf Pasha (1526–1528) * Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528–1531) * Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531–1534) * Lutf Pasha (1534–1535) * Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535) * Muhammad Kuzal Pasha (1536–1537) *

Topal Sulayman Pasha Topal may refer to: * Topal (surname), a surname of Turkish origin * Topal, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia * Topal, a Turkish Cypriot folk dances, Turkish Cypriot folk dance See also

* Topol (disambiguation) * Topal Osman {{Disambiguation ...

(1537–1538) * Ahmed Pasha I (1538–1539) * Qese Husrau Pasha (1539–1541) * Isa Pasha (1541–1543) * Piri Pasha (1543–1545) * Sinan Pasha al-Tuwashi (1545–1548) * Piri Pasha (1550–1551) *

Muhammad Pasha Bartaki Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...

(1551–1552) *

Şemsi Pasha Şemsi Ahmet Pasha also known as Chamsi-Pasha; (born: 1492; died: April 28, 1580) was a prominent Ottoman statesman of Albanian originDanişmend (1971), p. 25. who occupied numerous high-ranking political posts, serving at different stages a ...

(1552–1555) * Hizr Pasha (1555–1561) *

Ali Pasha Lankun ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 common era, CE) was the last of four Rashidun, Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was ...

(1561–1563) *

Khusrau Pasha I Khosrow ( fa, خسرو; also spelled Khusrow, Khusraw, Khusrau, Khusro, Chosro or Osro) may refer to: * Khosrow (word), a given name also used as a title Iranian rulers * Khosrow I, Sasanian ruler 531–579 * Khosrow II, Sasanian ruler 590– ...

(1563) *

Lala Mustafa Pasha Lala Mustafa Pasha ( – 7 August 1580), also known by the additional epithet ''Kara'', was an Ottoman Bosnian general and Grand Vizier from the Sanjak of Bosnia. Life He was born around 1500, near the Glasinac in Sokolac Plateau in Bosnia t ...

(1563–1569) * Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569) *Ali Pasha Lankun (1569–1570) * Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570–1571) * Darwish Pasha (1571–1574) * Lala Jafar Pasha (1574–1575) *Murad Pasha (1575–1577) *

Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (? - 1602) was an Ottoman officer. He was the son of the Ottoman statesman Sokullu Mehmet Pasha. On 9 November 1571, he was appointed as the sanjak-bey of the Bosnia Eyalet. On 22 February 1572, he was appointed the beyle ...

(1577–1581) *

Bahram Pasha Bahrām ( fa, بهرام) is a male given name. Other variants Behram, Bahran, Vahran, and Vahram ( uz, Баҳром, Bahrom and Tajik: Баҳром, Bahrom) The older form is Vahrām ( pal, 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭, in la, Varrames), also spel ...

(1581–1582) * Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić (1582–1583) *

(1583) *

Qubad Sulayman Pasha Kavadh ( pal, kwʾt' ''Kawād''; fa, قباد ''Qobād''; la, Cabades, Cavades) may refer to: *Kay Kawād, mythological figure of Iranian folklore and oral tradition. *Kavadh I, Sasanian king (r. 488–531) *Kavadh II, Sasanian king (r. 628) *Qub ...

(1584) *

Üveys Pasha Üveys Pasha (1512–1547) was an Ottoman Prince, son of Selim I (also known as ''the Grim'' or ''the Inflexible''). Background According to the 15th century Ottoman historian Âlî Mustafa Efendi, that Selim had a son born from an unnamed c ...

(1584–1585) * Elvendoglu Ali Pasha (October 1585–1586) *

(1586–1587) * Muhammad Pasha Farhad (1587–1588) *

(1588–1589) *

Elwanzade Ali Pasha Elvendoğlu Ali Pasha, known in Arabic as Ali Pasha ibn Alwan, was an Ottoman statesman. He was appointed the '' beylerbey'' (governor-general) of Damascus Eyalet by the vizier Ibrahim Pasha in October 1585, the same month in which a certain Husr ...

(1589–1590) *

Koca Sinan Pasha Koca Sinan Pasha ( tr, Koca Sinan Paşa, "Sinan the Great"; c. 1506 - 3 April 1596) was an Albanian-born Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman. From 1580 until his death he served five times as Grand Vizier. In a Ragusan documen ...

(1590) *

(1590–1591) *

Mustafa Pasha I Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى , Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Mo ...

(1591–1592) * Khalil Pasha (1592–1593) * Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593–1594) *

(1594) *

Kuyucu Murad Pasha Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; sh, Murat-paša Kujudžić; 1535 – 1611) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I bet ...

(1594–1595) *

Khusrau Pasha II Khosrow ( fa, خسرو; also spelled Khusrow, Khusraw, Khusrau, Khusro, Chosro or Osro) may refer to: * Khosrow (word), a given name also used as a title Iranian rulers * Khosrow I, Sasanian ruler 531–579 * Khosrow II, Sasanian ruler 590– ...

(1595–1596) * Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596–1597) *

Yusuf Sinan Pasha Yusuf ( ar, يوسف ') is a male name of Arabic origin meaning "God increases" (in piety, power and influence).From the Hebrew יהוה להוסיף ''YHWH Lhosif'' meaning "YHWH will increase/add". It is the Arabic equivalent of the Hebrew lang ...

(1597–1598) * Ahmed Pasha II (1598) * Ahmed Pasha III (1598) *

(1599) *

Emir Mehmed Pasha Seyyid Emir Mehmed Pasha ( tr, Şerif/Seyyid/Emir Mehmed Paşa), known by the epithet "al-Sharif" among his Arab subjects, was an Ottoman statesman who served as defterdar (finance minister) (1589–1593, 1595), Ottoman governor of Egypt (1596� ...

(1599–1600) *Osman Pasha (1601–1603) * Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603–1604) * Mustafa Pasha II (1604–1607) *Mahmud Pasha (1607–1608) * Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608–1609) * Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615) * Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615–1618) * Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618–1619) *

Mustafa Pasha III Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى , Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Mo ...

(1619–1620) * Sulayman Pasha I (1620–1621) *

Murtaza Pasha Bustanji Murtaza or Morteza or Mortaza, a Persianate form of the Arabic Murtada or Murtadha ( ar, مرتضى, translit=Murtaḍā, lit=One Pleasing to God, label=none), is a common Muslim name. Pronunciation varies with accent, from native Arabic speakers ...

(1621–1622) *

Mehmed Pasha Rushand Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1622–1623) * Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623–1624) * Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624–1625) * Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625–1626) * Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626–1628) *

Küçük Ahmed Pasha Küçük Ahmed Pasha (died 21 September 1636) was an Ottoman military commander who twice served as ''beylerbey'' (governor-general) of Damascus, one term as ''beylerbey'' of Anatolia and died commanding troops against Safavid Iran. By eliminating ...

(1628–1629) *

Mustafa Pasha IV Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى , Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Mo ...

(1629–1630) * Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630–1631) * Ilyas Pasha (1632–1633) *

Deli Yusuf Pasha Deli may refer to: * Delicatessen, a shop selling specially prepared food, or food prepared by such a shop * Sultanate of Deli, a former sultanate in North Sumatra, Indonesia Places * Deli, Boyer-Ahmad, a village in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Prov ...

(1633–1635) *

(1635–1636) *Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1636–1638) *

(1638–1639) * Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639–1640) *

Mehmed Pasha I Mehmed (modern Turkish language, Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad (name), Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its signi ...

(1640–1641) * Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641–1642) * Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642–1643) * Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643) * Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643–1644) * Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644–1645) * Ibrahim Pasha I (1645) * Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645–1646) * Gürcê Mehmed (1646) *

Silahdar Yusuf Pasha Silahdar Yusuf Pasha ( tr, Silahdar Yusuf Paşa, ar, يوسف باشا; 1604–1646), was an Ottoman ''vezir'' and admiral (Kapudan Pasha, grand admiral of the Ottoman fleet), known for conquering Chania in western Crete in only 54 days in 16 ...

(1646–1647) * Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647) *

Sofu Mehmed Pasha Sofu Mehmed Pasha (died August 1649), also known as Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier and defterdar (finance minister). Early years He was a chamberlain/deputy ('' kethüda'') of a ''defterdar'' (the ...

(1648) *

Ibşir Mustafa Pasha Ibşir Mustafa Pasha ( ota, ابشير مصطفى پاشا) was an Ottoman statesman of Abkhazian origin, nephew of the governor and rebel Abaza Mehmed Pasha, and prominent Celali rebel. He was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 28 October ...

(1649) *Mehmed Pasha II (1649–1650) * Silahdar Murtaza Pasha (1650) * Sivaslı Mustafa Pasha (1650) * Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1650–1652) * Defterzade Mehmed Pasha (1653–1655) *

Kara Murat Pasha Kara Murat Pasha, or Kara Dev Murat Pasha, lit. ''Courageous Giant Murat Pasha'' in Ottoman Turkish; (1595 - 1655), was an Ottoman Albanian statesman and military officer. He served as Kapudan Pasha and twice as Grand Vizier. His epithet ''K ...

(1655; died before taking office) * Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1656) *

Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha Köprülü may refer to: People * Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin ** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü f ...

(1659–1661) * Sulayman Pasha II (1661–1663) * Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663–1665) *

Salih Pasha I Salih (; ar, صَالِحٌ, Ṣāliḥ, lit=Pious), also spelled Saleh (), is an Arabs, Arab Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet mentioned in the Quran who prophesied to the tribe of Thamud in pre-Islamic Arabia, ancient Arabia, before t ...

(1665–1666) *

Qara Mustafa Pasha Qara may refer to: Places *Al Qara, a governorate in Al Bahah Region, Saudi Arabia *Qara, Syria, a Syrian city *Qara Oasis, Egypt Persons *Qara Iskander, ruled the Kara Koyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436 *Qara Mahammad Töremi ...

(1666–1667) *

Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1667–1669) *

Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan Ibrahim ( ar, إبراهيم, links=no ') is the Arabic name for Abraham, a Biblical patriarch and prophet in Islam. For the Islamic view of Ibrahim, see Abraham in Islam. Ibrahim may also refer to: * Ibrahim (name), a name (and list of people ...

(1669–1671) * Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671–1672) *

Qara Mehmed Pasha Qara may refer to: Places *Al Qara, a governorate in Al Bahah Region, Saudi Arabia *Qara, Syria, a Syrian city *Qara Oasis, Egypt Persons * Qara Iskander, ruled the Kara Koyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436 *Qara Mahammad Törem ...

(1672–1673) * Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673–1674) * Qer Husein Pasha (1674–1675) * Ibrahim Pasha II (1675–1676) *

Bosniak Osman Pasha Osman-pasha the Bosnian ( tr, Boşnak Osman Paşa; died 1 August 1685) or the Herzegovinian ( tr, links=no, Hersekli Osman Paşa), known as Osman-paša Kazanac, was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of the Damascus Eyalet (1676–16 ...

(1676–1679) * Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679–1683) *

Ibrahim Pasha III Ibrahim ( ar, إبراهيم, links=no ') is the Arabic name for Abraham, a Biblical patriarch and prophet in Islam. For the Islamic view of Ibrahim, see Abraham in Islam. Ibrahim may also refer to: * Ibrahim (name), a name (and list of people w ...

(1684) *

(1684–1685) *

Kaplan Pasha Kaplan Mataraci Pasha (transliterated from Arabic as Qublan Pasha ibn al-Mataraji) was the Ottoman governor of Sidon in 1698–1703. Life Kaplan Pasha was a probable descendant of a janissary based in Latakia, Matarci Ali, who died in 1666 and who ...

(1686–1687) * Arap Salih Pasha (1687–1688) * Hamza Pasha (1688–1689) *

Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha (1638 – December 1698) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier from 1693 to 1694. His epithet ''Bozoklu'' means "from Bozok" (modern Yozgat, Turkey).İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türk ...

(1690) *

Murtaza Pasha Murtaza or Morteza or Mortaza, a Persianate form of the Arabic Murtada or Murtadha ( ar, مرتضى, translit=Murtaḍā, lit=One Pleasing to God, label=none), is a common Muslim name. Pronunciation varies with accent, from native Arabic language ...

(1690–1691) * Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691–1692) *

Çelebi Ismail Pasha Çelebi Ismail Pasha (died November or December 1702) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman statesman who held various administrative roles in his career as a high-level official in the Ottoman government.Süreyya, Bey Mehmet, Nuri Akbayar, and Seyit Ali ...

(1692–1693) * Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693–1694) * Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695–1696) * Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696–1697) *

Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

(1697–1698) * Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699) * Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700) * Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701) *

Salih Agha Salih (; ar, صَالِحٌ, Ṣāliḥ, lit=Pious), also spelled Saleh (), is an Arabs, Arab Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet mentioned in the Quran who prophesied to the tribe of Thamud in pre-Islamic Arabia, ancient Arabia, before t ...

(1702) * Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703) *

Osman Pasha Arnavud Osman is the Persian transliteration and derived from the Arabic masculine given name Uthman (name), Uthman ( ar, عُثْمان, , link=no ''‘uthmān'') or an English surname. It may refer to: People * Osman (name), people with the name * Osma ...

(1703) * Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703–1704) *

Defterdar Mustafa Pasha This is a list of the top officials in charge of the finances of the Ottoman Empire, called ( Turkish for bookkeepers; from the Persian , + ) between the 14th and 19th centuries and ''Maliye Naziri'' (Minister of Finance) between 19th and 20t ...

(1704) * Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704–1705) * Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706) * Baltaci Süleyman Pasha (1706–1707) * Yusuf Pasha Qapudan (1707–1708) * Nasuh Pasha al-Aydini (1708–1714) *

Topal Yusuf Pasha Topal may refer to: * Topal (surname), a surname of Turkish origin * Topal, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia * Topal, a Turkish Cypriot folk dance See also * Topol (disambiguation) * Topal Osman Hacı Topal Osman Ağa (1883 – 2 April 1923) was ...

(1714–1716) * Kapudan Ibrahim Pasha (1716–1717) *

Köprülü Abdullah Pasha Köprülü Abdullah Pasha ( sq, Abdullah pashë Kypriljoti; 1684 – 1735)Michael Nizri: ''Ottoman High Politics and the Ulema Household'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. pp. 65 was an Ottoman general of the first half of the 18th century and one of t ...

(1717–1718) *

Recep Pasha Recep Pasha (also transliterated in the past as Rajab Pasha or Ragab Pasha or Receb Pasha, or Rajab Bacha or even Rajab Basha; died 1726) was an Ottoman statesman. Recep Pasha became a vizier in September 1707 and served as the Ottoman governor o ...

(1718–1719) * Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1719–1721) * Ali Pasha Maqtuloğlu (1721–1723) * Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1723–1725) *

Ismail Pasha al-Azm Ismail Pasha al-Azm was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Damascus and '' amir al-hajj'' in 1725–1730. Prior to this post he served as the '' agha'' (local commander) of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and steadily moved up the ranks to be ...

(1725–November/December 1730) * Muhsinzâde Abdullah Pasha (November/December 1730–December 1730) * Ayndınlı Abdullah Pasha (December 1730–1734) * Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1734–1738) *

Hüseyin Pasha Bostancı Hussein, Hussain, Hossein, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein or Husain (; ar, حُسَيْن ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-i-N ( ar, ح س ی ن, link=no), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "h ...

(1738–1739) * Muhassıl Osman Pasha (1739–1740) * Abdî Pashazâde Ali Pasha (1740–1741) * Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1741–1743) *

As'ad Pasha al-Azm As'ad Pasha al-Azem ( ar, أسعد باشا العظم, 1706 – March 1758) was the governor of Damascus under Ottoman rule from 1743 to his deposition in 1757. He was responsible for the construction of several architectural works in the city a ...

(1743–1757) *

Husayn Pasha ibn Makki Husayn Pasha ibn Makki ( ar, حسين باشا بن مكي, Ḥusayn Bāshā ibn Makkī; known in Turkish as Mekkizâde Hüseyin Paşa) (died 1765) served as the Ottoman ''wali'' (provincial governor) of Damascus (1757) and Marash (1762), and the ...

(1757–1758) *

Çeteci Abdullah Pasha Çeteci Abdullah Pasha ibn Ibrahim al-Husayni al-Jarmaki (also known as Abdullah Pasha al-Jatahji) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman statesman. He served terms as the governor of Sivas Eyalet, Sivas, Diyarbekir Eyalet, Diyarbekir, Rakka Eyalet, Rakka, ...

(1758–1759) * Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik (1759–1760) * Uthman Pasha al-Kurji (1760–1771) * Muhammad Pasha al-Azm (1771–1772) * Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji (1773–1783) *

Mehmed Pasha al-Kurji Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1783) *

Darwish Pasha al-Kurji Darwish Pasha al-Kurji (also known as Osmanzade Dervish Pasha) was an Ottoman statesman who served as ''wali'' (governor) of Sidon in 1770–1771 and Damascus in 1783–1784. He was the son of Uthman Pasha al-Kurji, who was of Georgian origin. Da ...

(1783–1784) *

Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar ( ar, أحمد باشا الجزّار; ota, جزّار أحمد پاشا; ca. 1720–30s7 May 1804) was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet from 1776 until his death in 1804 and the simultaneous governor of D ...

(1784–1786) *

Husayn Pasha Battal Hussein, Hussain, Hossein, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein or Husain (; ar, حُسَيْن ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-i-N ( ar, ح س ی ن, link=no), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "h ...

(1786–1787) * Abdi Pasha (1787–1788) *

Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati (also known as Ibrahim Deli Pasha) was the Ottoman governor of Damascus Eyalet, Damascus in 1788. Life Ibrahim was a Kurds, Kurdish professional soldier who entered the service of the Azm family, members of which served as ...

(1788–1789) *

(1790–1795) * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1795–1798) *

(1798–1799) * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1799–1803) *

(1803–1804) * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1804–1807) * Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807–1810) *

Sulayman Pasha al-Adil Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (c. 1760s – August 1819; given name also spelled ''Suleiman'' or ''Sulaiman'') was the Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet between 1805 and 1819, ruling from his Acre headquarters. He also simultaneously served as governor o ...

(1810–1812) * Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (February 1812–May 1816)Douwes, 2000, p. 58. *

(1816; interim) * Hafiz Amasyali Ali Pasha (1816–March 1817) * Salih Pasha (March 1817–1817) * Izmirli Süleyman Pasha (1817–1819) * Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1819–1822) * Beylanli Mustafa Pasha (June 1822–April 1823) * Salih Pasha (April 1823–January 1824) * Muftizade Ahmed Pasha (1824–May 1824) * Haci Veliyeddin Pasha (1825–1826) * Hakki Ismail Pasha (October 1826–1827) * Izmirli Haci Salih Pasha (1827–1828) *

Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1780–1860) was an Ottoman industrialist and statesman, who was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II (reign 1808–1839) and three times under Abdülmecit I (reign 1839–1861) during t ...

(1828–1831) * Mehmed Selim Pasha (1831–1832) *to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire **Ahmed Bey (1831–1832) ** Ibrahim Pasha (1832) ** Muhammad Sharif Pasha al-Kabir (1832–1838) **vacant (1838–1840) *

Izzet Mehmed Pasha Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1723 – February 1784, Belgrade) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice, first from 1774 to 1775, and second from 1781 to 1782. Towards the end of Russo-Turkish War (1768-17 ...

(1840–1841) *Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841–1844) *

Mehmed Namık Pasha Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was a prominent Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army. He served under five Sultans and acted as counsellor to at least fou ...

(1845–1846) *

Riza Pasha : A riza (Russian: риза, "vestment," "robe"; Ukrainian: шати, ''shaty'', "vestments") or oklad (оклад, "covered"), sometimes called a "revetment" in English, is a metal cover protecting an icon. It is usually made of gilt or silver ...

(1845–1846) *

Musa Sefveti Pasha Musa may refer to: Places *Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia * Musa, Azerbaijan, a village in Yardymli Rayon * Musa, Iran, a village in Ilam Province * Musa, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran *Musa, Kerman, Iran * Musa, Bukan, West Azerbaijan ...

(1846) * Namiq Pasha (1848) *

(1848–1850) * Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850–1852) *

(1852) * Açaf Pasha (1852–1854) *

Arif Mehmed Pasha Arif or Aref may refer to: *Arif, a local name for the Rif mountains in northern Morocco * Arif (given name) * Arif (surname) *‘arif, a concept in Sufism, see Ma'rifa Maʿrifa (Arabic: “interior knowledge”) is the mystical knowledge of God ...

(1854–1855) *

(1855) *

Mahmud Nedim Pasha Mahmud Nedim Pasha ( 1818 – 14 May 1883) was an Ottoman conservative statesman of ethnic Georgian background,Buṭrus Abū Mannah (2001), ''Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, 1826-1876'', p. 163. Isis Press, who ...

(1855–1857) *

Izzet Ahmed Pasha Izzet Ahmed Pasha (1798 – 20 February 1876), also known as Ahmed Izzet Pasha or Hacı Izzet Pasha or Hakkı Paşazâde Izzet Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman who held a lengthy series of provincial governorships from 1841 to 1870. He was also a ...

(1857) * Ali Pasha II (1858) * Mu'amer Pasha (1860) *

Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1814 – February 12, 1869), sometimes known as Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha and commonly known as Fuad Pasha, was an Ottoman administrator and statesman, who is known for his prominent role in the Tanzimat reforms of the m ...

(1860–1861) *

Ahmed Pasha IV Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

(1861) *

Emin Muhlis Pasha Emin may refer to: As a name *Emin (given name) *Emin (surname) Places * Emin County, county in Xinjiang, China * Emin Minaret, the tallest minaret in China * Emin Valley, on the borders of China and Kazakhstan * Emin or Emil River, in Emin Val ...

(1861–1862) * Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862–1864) * Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864–1865) * Reshid Pasha (1865–1871) * Subhi Pasha (1871–1873) *

Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha Sherif, also spelled Sharif (and, in countries where Francophone Romanisation is the norm, Cherif or Charif), is a proper name derived from the Arabic word (, 'noble', 'highborn', 'honorable'), originally a title designating a person descended fr ...

(1873–1874) * Esad Pasha (1874–1875) *

Ahmed Hamdi Pasha Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1826–1885) was an Ottoman monarchist, administrator and conservative statesman during the First Constitutional Era. Biography He was the governor of İzmir from 1873 to 1874. From 1875 to 8 May 1876, and from 1880 to 1885, h ...

(1875–1876) *

Ahmed Pasha V Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

(1876–1877) *

Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha Küçük means "small" in Turkish language, Turkish and may refer to: People Epithet * Küçük Ali (died 1804), also known as ''Ali Đevrlić'', Ottoman janissary and civil servant * Kuchuk Hanem (floruit, fl. 1850–1870), Ghawazi famed beaut ...

(1877–1878) *

Midhat Pasha Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha ( ota , احمد شفيق مدحت پاشا, 18 October 1822 – 26 April 1883) was an Ottoman democrat, kingmaker and one of the leading statesmen during the late Tanzimat period. He is most famous for leading the O ...

(13 November 1878–1 August 1880) *

Hamdi Pasha Ahmed Hamdi Pasha was a Kurdish Ottoman minister of the Marine, Secretary General of the Society for the Elevation of Kurdistan from 1918-1920 and a General officer of the Ottoman army. A graduate of the Ottoman military academy, he rose to the ...

(1880–1885) *

Rashid Nashid Pasha Rashid or Rachid ( ar, راشد ) and Rasheed ( ar, رشيد ), which means "rightly guided", may refer to: *Rashid (name), also Rachid and Rasheed, people with the given name or surname *Rached, a given name and surname *Rashad, a surname Plac ...

(1885–1888) * Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888–1889) * Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889–1891) *

Topal Osman Nuri Pasha Topal may refer to: * Topal (surname), a surname of Turkish origin * Topal, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia * Topal, a Turkish Cypriot folk dance See also * Topol (disambiguation) * Topal Osman Hacı Topal Osman Ağa (1883 – 2 April 1923) was ...

(1891–1892) *

Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha Sherif, also spelled Sharif (and, in countries where Francophone Romanisation is the norm, Cherif or Charif), is a proper name derived from the Arabic word (, 'noble', 'highborn', 'honorable'), originally a title designating a person descended fr ...

(1892–1894) * Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894–1895) * Hasan Pasha II (1896–1897) *

Hüseyin Nâzım Pasha Hüseyin Nâzım Pasha (born 1854, Istanbul - d. 1927, Istanbul) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman statesman who held governorship positions in the last periods of the Ottoman Empire. He was also an author and a journalist. He wrote literary articl ...

(1897–1906) *

Shukri Pasha Shukri ( ar, شكري) ( tr, Şükrü), alternatively Shoukri, Shoukry, Shokri, Choukri, Choucri, Chokri etc., is an Arabic name for males/females meaning "thankful". It is the masculine active participle of the Arabic verb, شَكَرَ, meaning ...

(1906–1909) *

Ismail Fazil Bey Ishmael ''Ismaḗl''; Classical/Qur'anic Arabic: إِسْمَٰعِيْل; Modern Standard Arabic: إِسْمَاعِيْل ''ʾIsmāʿīl''; la, Ismael was the first son of Abraham, the common patriarch of the Abrahamic religions; and is cons ...

(1909–1911) *

Ismail Ghalib Bey Ishmael ''Ismaḗl''; Classical/Qur'anic Arabic: إِسْمَٰعِيْل; Modern Standard Arabic: إِسْمَاعِيْل ''ʾIsmāʿīl''; la, Ismael was the first son of Abraham, the common patriarch of the Abrahamic religions; and is cons ...

(1911–1912) *

Kiazim Pasha Selin Kiazim is a British chef of Turkish Cypriot heritage who owns and runs the restaurant Oklava in London. In 2017, she was one of the winners of the BBC Two television series Great British Menu. Career Selin Kiazim was brought up in Southgat ...

(1912–1913) * Arif Bey (1913) * Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914) *

Jamal Pasha Ahmed Djemal ( ota, احمد جمال پاشا, Ahmet Cemâl Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Cemal Pasha, was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Djemal wa ...

(1915) * Azmi Pasha (1915–1916) *

Tahsin Bey Hasan Tahsin Bey (27 August 1878 – 5 December 1939; surnamed Uzer after 1934 Surname Law, 1934) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman and later Turkish bureaucrat and politician. Throughout his career as a politician, Tahsin served as a governor to se ...

(1916–1918) *

Mehmed Gabriel Pasha Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1918) *

(October 1–2, 1918)

Arab Kingdom of Syria The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, No ...

* Faisal (1918–1920)

Capital of Syria

* French Syria (1920–1946) * Republic of Syria (1946–1958) *

United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...

(1958–1961) *

Syrian Arab Republic Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

(1961–present)

References

Bibliography

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rulers Of Damascus

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

Syria history-related lists

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

Aram Damascus The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus () was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later ye ...

Period of non-independence

Rashidun , image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of t ... period

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ... period

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ... period

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dy ... emirs

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ... emirs

Burid The Burid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkish origin ''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332. which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus ... emirs

Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ... na'ibs

Ottoman walis

Arab Kingdom of Syria The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, No ...

Capital of Syria

See also

References

Bibliography

Rashidun , image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of t ...
period

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
period

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...
period

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dy ...
emirs

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ...
emirs

Burid The Burid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkish origin ''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332. which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus ...
emirs

Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
na'ibs