Rudolph Maurice Loewenstein (January 17, 1898 – April 14, 1976) was an American

psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek language, Greek: + . is a set of Theory, theories and Therapy, therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a bo ...

who practiced in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, and the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

. He was married to Marie-Elisabeth Schmitt, with who he had two daughters, Dominique Therese and Elisabeth Charlotte. After her death he married Countess Amalia Pallavicini, with who he had a daughter, Marie-Francoise. In 1947 he married a fellow psychoanalyst

Elisabeth Geleerd Elisabeth Rozetta Geleerd Loewenstein (March 20, 1909 – May 25, 1969) was a Dutch-American psychoanalyst. Born to an upper-middle-class family in Rotterdam, Geleerd studied psychoanalysis in Vienna, then London, under Anna Freud. Building a c ...

with whom he had a son, Richard Joseph.

Biography

Loewenstein was born in

Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

(then in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

), to a Jewish family from the province of Galicia. Rudolph Maurice Loewenstein (January 17, 1898 – April 14, 1976) was an American

who practiced in

, and the

. He was married to Marie-Elisabeth Schmitt, with who he had two daughters, Dominique Therese and Elisabeth Charlotte. After her death he married Marquess Amalia Pallavicini, with who he had a daughter, Marie-Francoise. In 1947 he married a fellow psychoanalyst

with whom he had a son, Richard Joseph.

Biography

Loewenstein was born in

(then in the

), to a Jewish family from the province of Galicia. After graduating from his university studies in Zurich Switzerland from 1917-1920, he went to Berlin to study medicine where he received his medical diploma, specializing in neurology and studying under

Eugen Bleuler Paul Eugen Bleuler (; ; 30 April 1857 – 15 July 1939) was a Swiss psychiatrist and humanist most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness. He coined several psychiatric terms including "schizophrenia", "schizoid", " ...

. At this time he became acquainted with psychoanalysis where he was certified as a psychoanalyst after undergoing a training analysis with

Hanns Sachs Hanns Sachs (; 10 January 1881, in Vienna – 10 January 1947, in Boston) was one of the earliest psychoanalysts, and a close personal friend of Sigmund Freud. He became a member of Freud's Secret Committee of six in 1912, Freud describing him as ...

. He became a member of the German Psychoanalytic Society. (DPG) in 1925. At the request of

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...

, Loewenstein moved to Paris, France in 1927 in order to train new analysts. He was the second licensed psychoanalyst, after Eugenie Sokolnicka, to practice there. He trained most of the first two generations of French analysts, including, notably,

Jacques Lacan Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (, , ; 13 April 1901 – 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. Described as "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud", Lacan gave yearly seminars in Paris from 1953 to 1981, and pu ...

(between 1933 and 1939). He was a founding member and also secretary of the first French psychoanalytic society, the

Société psychanalytique de Paris The Paris Psychoanalytical Society (SPP) is the oldest psychoanalytical organisation in France. Founded with Freud’s endorsement in 1926, the S.P.P. is a component member of the International Psychoanalytical Association (I.P.A.) as well as of t ...

(SPP). (Some of the other founding members included

René Laforgue René Laforgue (5 November 18946 March 1962) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Biography Laforgue was born in Thann (then part of the German Empire) and died in Paris. He studied medicine in Berlin, and in 1919 wrote a thesis on "The ...

, Marie Bonaparte,

Raymond de Saussure Raymond de Saussure (; 2 August 1894 – 29 October 1971) was a Swiss psychoanalyst, the first president of the European Psychoanalytical Federation.H. Vermorel, 'Raymond de Saussure. First president of the European Psychoanalytical Federation', ...

, and

Angelo Hesnard Angelo Louis Marie Hesnard (or Angel Marie Louis Hesnard; 22 May 1886, Pontivy – 17 April 1969, Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, Rochefort) was a French born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, and was an important figure in 1930s French sexology. Life ...

.) In 1927, he participated in the creation of the SPP's journal, the ; and in 1928 he and Marie Bonaparte translated Freud's case-study of Dora into French. In 1930, he became a French citizen by decree and obtained his medical license anew - defending his thesis for a doctorate in medicine in 1935. In 1939, he was mobilized as a doctor in the French army receiving the Croix-de-Guerre in 1940. After the Armistice, he fled to the south of France, and in 1942 left there with his family for the United States, where he settled in New York. There he pursued a distinguished institutional career with the

International Psychoanalytic Association The International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) is an association including 12,000 psychoanalysts as members and works with 70 constituent organizations. It was founded in 1910 by Sigmund Freud, from an idea proposed by Sándor Ferenczi. His ...

(IPA), becoming its vice president from 1965 to 1967. He died in 1976 in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

. Loewenstein is known, along with Ernst Kris and

Heinz Hartmann Heinz Hartmann (November 4, 1894 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary – May 17, 1970 in Stony Point, New York), was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He is considered one of the founders and principal representatives of ego psychology. Life Hartmann was ...

, as one of the foremost figures of what has been called Ego psychology.Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession'' (1988) p. 4

Literary works

* ''Origine du masochisme et la théorie des pulsions'', 1938 * ''The vital or somatic drives'', 1940 * ''Psychanalyse de l'Antisemitisme'', 1952 * (ed. with

and Ernst Kris), ''Notes on the theory of aggressions'', 1949

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Loewenstein, Rudolph 1898 births 1976 deaths Polish psychologists French psychoanalysts Jewish psychoanalysts American psychoanalysts 19th-century Polish Jews History of psychiatry Translators of Sigmund Freud Analysands of Hanns Sachs 20th-century psychologists Polish emigrants to France People from Łódź

Biography

Biography

Literary works

See also

References

External links