Royal Academy Of Fine Arts, Brussels

The Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Brussels (french: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts - École supérieure des Arts de la Ville de Bruxelles (ARBA-ESA), nl, Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel) is an art school established in Brussels, Belgium. It was founded in 1711. Starting from modest beginnings in a single room in Brussels' Town Hall, it has since 1876 been operating from a former convent and orphanage in the /, which was converted by the architect . The school has played an important role in training important local artists.

History

Origins

Historically, artistic training in Brussels was organised in traditional workshops where masters would teach their skills to pupils. The masters needed to be registered with their local guild to be able to practice their craft. On 30 September 1711, the magistrate of the City of Brussels gave the guilds of painters, sculptors, weavers and other amateurs the use of a room in Brussels' Town Hall to teach drawing classes to their pupils. On 16 October of the same year, some sort of school was established at these premises to organise the classes. The school would concentrate mainly on teaching drawing.

In 1737, the Academy adopted its first rules. The city assumed some costs, including those for the models. A few decades later, disagreement broke out. The classes moved to the inn 't Gulden Hoofd and were even suspended for a while. The Bruges painter Bernard Verschoot took over the Academy's leadership and tried to put it back on the rails with a heavy hand. The Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, put the school under his high protection in 1762. His attention went mainly to the Department of Architecture. The school was re-established in 1768 as the ''Académie de Peinture, Sculpture et Architecture'' ("Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture"), with funds raised through a public subscription. Inspiration was found in the French model. A year later, the school returned to the Town Hall. In 1795, the Academy was closed after the conquest of Brussels by the French revolutionary troops.

Resurgence under François-Joseph Navez

In 1829, the school moved into the Granvelle Palace (since demolished). One year later, François-Joseph Navez became director. He organized the school and expanded it. In 1832, it moved to the basement of the left wing of the Industrial Palace. From 1835 to 1836, Navez's plans were implemented. In 1836, the Academy was awarded the privilege to use the adjective "Royal" as part of its name. The panel painting was declared to another important department. It was based on the first golden age of Dutch painting. However, there was some time tensions at the Academy to the yet propagated neoclassical style. In addition to painting and sculpture, architectural education became more important, though it never achieved the status of a pioneering teaching and training facility.

In 1876, the Academy moved to the school buildings on the /, in what was the former Bogards' convent, which had meanwhile served as an orphanage. The architect was able to link the whole school in the limited space of the existing ensemble. The facade was redesigned in the neoclassical style. Until today the academy is there. From 5 January 1889 women were also allowed to participate in a class for advanced students. At the end of the 19th century, was the founding of the modern LUCA Campus Sint-Lukas Brussels, a strong competition. Meanwhile, ARBA is one of the 16 art schools of the French Community of Belgium. Under the director Charles van der Stappen, the doctrine came to this university to an even greater prestige. Even literature and photography were part of the training offer.

In the European art scene around the turn of the century, Brussels drew forth in addition to his training center in the shadow of Paris. Since 1889, Brussels was the uncrowned capital of Art Nouveau, especially in architecture, which had its triumphal procession through Prof. Victor Horta. The Academy managed the step to another center of the avant-garde in the panel painting. From the Academy and its students went influence on the development of Realism, Symbolism, Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Post Impressionism and the newly incipient Expressionism. These were all precursors of Modern Art.

In 1912, Horta had made changes to the organisation of the school. A system of studios was created, as it was recommended by Paul Bonduelle and Émile Lambot. In 1936, the ''Royal Order'' was made to the formation of the separate Department of Architecture.

Changes in organization and teaching after 1945

In 1949, a small Department of Planning and Urban Development was established. Architectural studies got the rank of university education. In 1972, the Department of Artistic Humanities was established. In 1977, the Department of Architecture finally acquired its autonomy. In 1977, the ''Institute Supérieur d'Architecture Victor Horta'', named after the Art Nouveau architect and former director, was founded. In 1980, the higher education of the second degree and new courses at the Academy of Fine Arts were presented. In 2009, the Faculty of Architecture of the Free University of Brussels was founded. This was done after the merger of the two schools of architecture: the School of Architecture Victor Horta (ISAVH) and the chamber of the French Community of the Higher Institute of Architecture (ISACF).

Nowadays, programs are offered for Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in the fields of design, art and media and offered doctoral studies, too. The Academy has been an ESA (Ecole Supérieure des Arts - Art College) with a university orientation. In addition, it is part of Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB) which was founded in 2001. It is responsible for the task of promoting activities of the affiliated members and organizations here and coordinate. Its tasks include projects at home and abroad. The school is sometimes confused with the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB) and the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium, both separate institutions, as well as the French Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, part of the Institut de France.

The faculty and alumni of ARBA

Includes some of the most famous names in Belgian painting, sculpture, and architecture:
* James Ensor (1860–1949), painter and printmaker
* Paul Delvaux (1897–1994), surrealist painter
* René Magritte (1898–1967), surrealist painter
* Kali (1918–1998), Polish-American painter
* Peyo (1928–1992), cartoonist, creator of ''The Smurfs''
* Oriane Lassus (b. 1987), French author, cartoonist and illustrator

Notable directors and professors

* Barnabé Guimard (1731–1805), French architect
* Tilman-François Suys (1783–1861), architect
* François-Joseph Navez (1787–1869), neoclassical painter
* Louis Gallait (1810–1887), painter
* Eugène Simonis (1810–1893), sculptor
* Jean-François Portaels (1818–1895), painter
* Charles van der Stappen (1843–1910), sculptor
* Jef Lambeaux (1852–1908), sculptor
* Jacques de Lalaing (1858–1917), Belgian-British sculptor and painter
* Victor Horta (1861–1947), architect
* Paul Saintenoy (1862–1952), architect, teacher, architectural historian, and writer
* Henri Van Dievoet, Henri van Dievoet (1869–1931), architect
* Alfred Bastien (1873–1955), artist, academic, and soldier
* Léon Devos (1897–1974), painter

Gallery of works by notable teachers and directors

File:Mozes en Aaronkerk 1.jpg, Tilman-François Suys (date unknown): ''St. Antonius Church'', Amsterdam.
File:François Joseph Navez (1787-1869) - Les musiciens ambulants (A Musician Family) - NG 2773 - National Galleries of Scotland.jpg, François Joseph Navez (1828): ''Traveelling Musicians'', National Galleries of Scotland.
File:GdeBouillon.JPG, Eugène Simonis (1848): ''Equestian statue of Godfrey of Bouillon'', Place Royale of Brussels.
File:Louis Gallait - Fisherman's Family - WGA8438.jpg, Louis Gallait (1848): ''The family of the fisherman'', Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.
File:Alexandre Nestor Nicolas Robert - Young page.jpg, Alexandre Robert (date unknown), ''Young page'', Private collection.
File:Joseph Quinaux - The rest.jpg, Joseph Quinaux (date unknown): ''The rest'', Private collection.
File:Jean-François Portaels - Sweet flowers.jpg, Jean-François Portaels (date unknown): ''Sweet flowers'', Private collection.
File:Joseph Stallaert - Der Prophet Jeremias weissagt dem König Zedekia den Untergang Jerusalem.jpg, Joseph Stallaert (date unknown): ''The prophet Jeremiah prophesies the fall of Jerusalem'', Private collection.
File:Le sommeil de Jamilé--.jpg, Herman Richir (date unknown): ''The sleep of Jamilé'', Private collection.
File:Victor Horta Hotel Tassel.JPG, Victor Horta (1892/93): '' Hôtel Tassel'', Brussels.
File:Constant Montald- Ophelia.jpg, Constant Montald (1893): ''Ophelia'', Private collection.
File:Le Temps.JPG, Charles Van der Stappen (1894/98): ''Time'', Meise Botanic Garden.
File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Hôtel Van Eetvelde - 01.jpg, Victor Horta (1898/1900): ''Hôtel van Eetvelde'', Brussels.
File:Avenue Louise 81 Louizalaan Brussels 2012-08.jpg, Victor Horta (1898/1900): ''Hôtel Solvay'', Avenue Louise/Louizalaan 81, Brussels.
File:Antwerpen-Brabo.JPG, Jef Lambeaux (date unknown): ''Fountain of Brabo'', Antwerp.
File:Batiment Horta - rue Neuve - 1901.jpg, Victor Horta (1901): ''À L'Innovation department store'', Rue Neuve/Nieuwstraat, Brussels.
File:Frankfurt Am Main-Zeil-Grand Bazar-Palais Rothschild-Schmoller-um 1910.jpg, Victor Horta (1903/05): ''Le Grand Bazar department store'', Frankfurt.
File:Jacques de Lalaing - Cheval de Brabant.jpg, Jacques de Lalaing (date unknown): ''Brabantine horse''.
File:Alfred Theodore Joseph Bastien - Canadian Cavalry Ready in a Wood.jpg, Alfred Theodore Joseph Bastien (date unknown): ''Canadian Cavalry Ready in a Wood'', Canadian War Museum, Ottawa.
File:Alfred Theodore Joseph Bastien - Throwing Grenades.jpg, Alfred Theodore Joseph Bastien (1918): ''Grenade throwing'', Canadian War Museum, Ottawa.
File:Beringen-Mijn - Sint-Theodarduskerk1.jpg, Henry Lacoste (date unknown): ''St. Theodardus Church'', Beringen-Mijn.

Notable students

* Joseph-Pierre Braemt (1796–1864), medalist
* François Musin (1840–1905), painter
* Gustave Léonard de Jonghe (1844–1848), painter
* Emile Wauters (1846–1933), painter
* Isidore Verheyden (1846–1905), painter
* Alfred Verhaeren (1849–1924), painter
* Amédée Lynen (1852–1938), painter and illustrator
* Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Dutch painter
* Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855–1925), Dutch painter
* Paul Du Bois (1859–1938), French sculptor
* James Ensor (1860–1949), painter
* Victor Rousseau (1865–1954), sculptor
* Jef Leempoels (1867–1935), painter
* Gabriel Van Dievoet (1875–1934), painter
* Victor Servranckx (1897–1965), painter
* Paul Delvaux (1897–1994), painter
* René Magritte (1898–1967), painter
* Éliane de Meuse (1899–1993), painter
* Claudia Cobizev (1905-1995), Moldovan sculptor
* Zhang Chongren, better known as Tschang Tschong-jen (1907–1998), Chinese sculptor and painter
* Ben-Ami Shulman, (1907–1986), Israeli architect
* Claude Strebelle (1917–2010), architect and builderAcadémie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles
/ref>

Gallery of works by notable students

File:Bxl, Eglise Sainte-Catherine.JPG, Joseph Poelaert (date unknown): ''New building of St. Catherine's Church'', Brussels.
File:ND du Sablon 1007.jpg, Jean-Frédéric Van der Rit (1856): ''Tomb of Augustus dal Pozzo at the Church of Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon'', Brussels.
File:Charles de Groux - The farewell.Jpeg, Charles de Groux