Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation (

Ojibwe The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains. According to the U.S. census, in the United States Ojibwe people are one of ...

: ''Okwewanashko-ziibiing'', meaning: "Rag Weed River")Ross, Jordan. “Aug 2021: Roseau River First Nation Organizes Honour Walk.” The Carillon, August 7, 2021
https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/the-carillon/local/2021/08/07/roseau-river-first-nation-organizes-honour-walk
is a

First Nation Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...

in southern

Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, situated around the Roseau River. Its main

reserve Reserve or reserves may refer to: Places * Reserve, Kansas, a US city * Reserve, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. John the Baptist Parish * Reserve, Montana, a census-designated place in Sheridan County * Reserve, New Mexico, a US vi ...

is Roseau River No. 2.

History

The people of Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation have a long history in the area of the Pembina and Red River Valleys in Manitoba,

Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...

, and

North Dakota North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the Native Americans in the United States, indigenous Dakota people, Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north a ...

. The Roseau River people had a long history with a

clan A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clans may claim descent from founding member or apical ancestor. Clans, in indigenous societies, tend to be endogamous, meaning ...

system which assigned different responsibilities to various clans and societies. Collectively, the Anishinabe (Ojibway) of

, Western

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

and Northern

were known in

as the ''Zoong-gi-dah Anishinabe''. With the arrival of Europeans in the area, they were first called the Pembina Band due to their location in the Pembina Valley. However, as more and more settlers arrived and pushed the people away from their original lands to hunt they gradually abandoned these lands. Eventually with the signing of

Treaty 1 ''Treaty 1'' (also known as the "Stone Fort Treaty") is an agreement established on August 3, 1871, between the Imperial Crown of Great Britain and Ireland and the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree nations. The first of a series of treaties called the ...

on 3 August 1871, a grouping was given the peoples around the Roseau River where the community is now located. The community had to be evacuated in

1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of t ...

, 2009, and

2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...

as a result of flooding which cut off road access to the community. The community is protected by a

ring dike A ring dike or ring dyke is an intrusive igneous body that is circular, oval or arcuate in plan and has steep contacts. While the widths of ring dikes differ, they can be up to several thousand meters. The most commonly accepted method of ring dik ...

which has prevented large inundation of the community during these floods.

Reserve lands

It has a registered population of 2,152 individuals. The First Nation has three reserves: * Roseau River No. 2 — the First Nation's main reserve. With an area of , it is bordered by the

Municipality of Emerson – Franklin The Municipality of Emerson – Franklin is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. History The municipality was created on January 1, 2015 via the amalgamation of the RM of Franklin and the Town of Emerson. It was ...

and the

Rural Municipality of Montcalm Montcalm (french: Municipalité rurale de Montcalm) is a rural municipality (RM) in the province of Manitoba in Western Canada. The Canada 2016 Census reported a population of 1,260 persons, a decrease from the 1,309 reported in the 2011 Census. ...

. As of the 2011 Census, this reserve's official population was 588 inhabitants. * Roseau Rapids No. 2A () — has an area of and is entirely surrounded by Emerson – Franklin. As of the 2011 Census, this reserve's official population was 107 inhabitants. * Roseau River No. 2B () — has an area of . It is located at the junctions of

Highway 6 Route 6, or Highway 6, may refer to routes in the following countries: International * Asian Highway 6 * European route E6 * European route E006 Albania * National Road SH6 Argentina * Buenos Aires Provincial Route 6 Australia New ...

& 236 and the Perimeter Highway on the northwest side of

Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,6 ...

, well over from the two other reserves. Not having its own Canadian

census subdivision The census geographic units of Canada are the census subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to conduct the country's quinquennial census. These areas exist solely for the purposes of sta ...

, this reserve is enumerated as part of the

Rural Municipality of Rosser Rosser is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba, lying adjacent to the northwest side of Winnipeg and part of the Winnipeg Metro Region. Its population as of the 2016 Census was 1,372. It is situated along Provincial ...

; as such, this reserve's population is not individually reported. Roseau River No. 2 & 2A are located approximately apart, and about approximately south of

Winnipeg Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,6 ...

Leadership

Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation is a member of the

Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council The Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council (DOTC) is a Tribal Council of First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. Its mission statement indicates that the council's purpose is to "facilitate in the transfer of local control and responsibility of progr ...

. The current Chief and Council are: Chief Craig Alexander; Councillor Alfred Hayden, Councillor Terrance Nelson, Councillor June Thomas and Councillor Max Seenie.

Notable people

Shingoose Curtis Jonnie (26 October 1946 – 12 January 2021), better known by his stage name Shingoose, was an Ojibwe singer and songwriter from Canada. He played in Roy Buchanan's band during the early part of his career. He also recorded with Bruce Coc ...

, musician

References

First Nation profile
by the

Government of Canada The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown ...

Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military * Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

Map of Roseau River 2 at Statcan

Map of Roseau Rapids 2A at Statcan
* Bruce Cherney, Roseau River Land Surrender (Part
OneTwo
an
Three
{{MBDivision2 Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council First Nations in Southern Manitoba First Nations governments in Manitoba

History

Reserve lands

Leadership

Notable people

See also

References