The Diocese of

Dax Dax or DAX may refer to: Business and organizations * DAX, stock market index of the top 40 German companies ** DAX 100, an expanded index of 100 stocks, superseded by the HDAX ** TecDAX, stock index of the top 30 German technology firms * Dax ...

or Acqs was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Gascony in south-west France. According to tradition it was established in the 5th century. It was suppressed after the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

, by the

Concordat of 1801 The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace-Lorraine, where it remains in force. It sought national reconciliation b ...

between First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and

Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII ( it, Pio VII; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. Chiaramonti was also a m ...

. Its territory now belongs to the

Diocese of Aire The Diocese of Aire and Dax (Latin'':'' ''Dioecesis Adurensis et Aquae Augustae''; French: ''Diocèse d'Aire et Dax'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It comprises the ''département'' o ...

and

Diocese of Bayonne The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis''; French language, French: ''Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron''; Basque language, Basque: ''Baionako, Leskar ...

History

It is not certain that the patron of the diocese, the martyr

St. Vincent Saint Vincent may refer to: People Saints * Vincent of Saragossa (died 304), a.k.a. Vincent the Deacon, deacon and martyr * Saint Vincenca, 3rd century Roman martyress, whose relics are in Blato, Croatia * Vincent, Orontius, and Victor (died 305) ...

, was a bishop. His cult, at least, existed in the time of

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...

, as is proved by a note (in a later hand) of the Wolfenbüttel manuscript of the ''

Hieronymian Martyrology The ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' (meaning "martyrology of Jerome") or ''Martyrologium sancti Hieronymi'' (meaning "martyrology of Saint Jerome") is an ancient martyrology or list of Christian martyrs in calendar order, one of the most used a ...

''. The oldest account of his martyrdom is in a

breviary A breviary (Latin: ''breviarium'') is a liturgical book used in Christianity for praying the canonical hours, usually recited at seven fixed prayer times. Historically, different breviaries were used in the various parts of Christendom, such a ...

of Dax, dating from the second half of the thirteenth century, but the author knows nothing of the martyr's time period or the reasons for his death. Excavations near Dax proved the existence of a

Merovingian The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gauli ...

cemetery on the site of a church which, it is claimed, was dedicated to St. Vincent by Bishop Gratianus. Gratianus, present at the

Council of Agde The Council of Agde was a regional synod held in September 506 at Agatha or Agde, on the Mediterranean coast east of Narbonne, in the Septimania region of the Visigothic Kingdom, with the permission of the Visigothic King Alaric II. The Council ...

(506), is the first historically known bishop. Among the other bishops of the see were St. Revellatus (early sixth century), St. Macarius (c. 1060), Cardinal Pierre Itier (1361), Cardinal Pierre de Foix (1455), founder of the

University of Avignon Avignon University ( French: ''Avignon Université''; formerly known as ''Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse'') is a public university located in Avignon, France. Avignon University is situated on two campuses: the Hannah Arendt Ca ...

and the

Collège de Foix In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between ...

at Toulouse. The synodal constitutions of the ancient Diocese of Dax, published by Abbé Antoine Degert, are of great historical interest for the study of the ancient constitutions and customs of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Degert in the course of this publication succeeded in rectifying certain errors in the episcopal lists of the ''

Gallia christiana The ''Gallia Christiana'', a type of work of which there have been several editions, is a documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the Catholic dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupan ...

'' and of Father Eubel in ''Hierarchia catholica''. During the Great Schism, Dax, which was part of Aquitaine, belonged to the Kings of England (in 1378

Richard II Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father died ...

). King Richard chose to support the popes of the Roman Obedience rather than the popes of the Avignon Obedience, who were French and likely to support the King of France in what is now called the

Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French Crown, ...

. All of the cardinals of the Avignon obedience were deprived of their offices and benefices in the Kingdom of Richard II of England, by act of Parliament and decree of the King Dax was required to adhere to the Obedience of Rome. About 1588

St. Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul, CM (24 April 1581 – 27 September 1660), commonly known as Saint Vincent de Paul, was a Occitan French Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor. In 1622 Vincent was appointed a chaplain to the galleys. Afte ...

made his first studies with the Cordeliers of Dax, but good secondary education at Dax dates only from the establishment of the

Barnabites , image = Barnabites.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = One version of the Barnabite logo. "P.A." refers to Paul the Apostle and the three hills symbolize the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. , a ...

in 1640. His learning, however, was sufficient to allow him to study at the University of Toulouse. On 3 June 1857, the title "Bishop of Dax" was added to the titulature of the Bishop of Aire.

Bishops of Dax

Early bishops

* Vincentius * Gratianus * Carterius (541) * Liberius (549) * Faustianus * Nicetius * Illidius * Revelatus ''Sede Vacante'' (lasting nearly four centuries, due to Arab invasions and Northmen, until ca. 850) * Oltherius (second half of ninth century)

Bishops of Gascony

* Gombaud (end of tenth century) * Arsius-Raca * Raymond * Raymond

Bishops of Dax, 1000–1200

* Macarius (ca. 1061) * Gregory de Montaner, O.S.B. ( –1068) * Bernard de Mugron, O.S.B. (by 1068 – 25 July 1097) * Raymond de Sentes (before 1100 – 28 March 1117) * Guillaume de Heugas (1117–1143) * Arnaud-Guillaume de Sort (ca. 1143 – after 20 November 1167) * Guillaume Bertrand (ca. 1168–1203)

1200–1400

* ? Jean de Caunar (1203) * Fortanerius de Mauléon (1204 – February 1215) * Guilelmus de Salies (1217 – October 1233) * Arnaud Raymond de Tartas (1234–?) * Navarre de Miossenx, O.Cist. (1239 – 3 November 1272) ''Sede Vacante'' (1272–1278) * Arnaud de Ville (5 April 1278 – 11 March 1305) * Garsias Arnaud de Capenne (1305, before 12 September – 8 January 1327) * Bernard de Liposse (19 January 1327 – February 1359) * Pierre la Colre (15 March–15 April 1359) * Pierre Itier (10 May 1359 – 1362) (resigned on becoming Cardinal) * Bernard d'Albret

e Lebreto E, or e, is the fifth Letter (alphabet), letter and the second vowel#Written vowels, vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worl ...

O.Min. (Bishop-elect) (1 June–?, 1362) * Jean de Saya (18 January 1363 – 8 June 1375) (transferred to Agen) * Jean de Hanecourt

r Haricuria R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ar'' (pronounced ), plural ''ars'', or in Irelan ...

(bishop-elect, died before consecration) (9 June–August, 1375) * Jean Bauffès (27 August 1375 – 4 December 1391) (transferred to Vich) * Joannes Guterii (Obedience of Rome) (March 1380 – late in 1393) * Pierre Troselli, O.P. (Obedience of Avignon) (4 December 1391 – 9 March 1405? or 1412?) * Pierre du Bosc (Obedience of Rome) (5 December 1393 – 19 June 1400)

1400–1600

* Petrus Ameil de Brénac, O.E.S.A., Patriarch of Alexandria (Obedience of Rome), Administrator of Dax (19 June 1400 – 4 May 1401) * Garsias-Arnaud de Navailhes (Obedience of Rome) (4 May 1401 – 1407) * Pélegrin du Fau (1407 – 22 July 1408) * Petrus de Anglada, O.P. (Obedience of Rome) (23 August 1409 – 1423) * Nicolaus Duriche, O.P. (Obedience of Avignon) (27 May 1412 – 1423) * Francesco Piccolpasso (29 March 1423 – 26 February 1427) (transferred to

Pavia Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the capit ...

) * Bernard de la Planche (26 February 1427 – 1439) (deposed, as a supporter of

Antipope Felix V Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. He was a claimant to the papa ...

) * Garsias Arnaldi de Sega (de l'Exègne) (25 September 1439 – 9 December 1444) * Beltrandus (1445? – 5 July 1451) (transferred to the diocese of Oloron) * Pierre de Foix, O.Min. (5 July 1451 – 30 May 1459) * Jean de Foix (1459 – 9 May 1466) (transferred to

Comminges The Comminges (; Occitan/ Gascon: ''Comenge'') is an ancient region of southern France in the foothills of the Pyrenees, corresponding closely to the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens in the department of Haute-Garonne. This natural region is norma ...

) * Bertrand de Borie (12 May 1466 – 1499) * Arnaldus (Garsias Arnaud) de Borie (8 April 1499 – 1501) * Petrus de Caupena (6 February 1502 – 1514) * Jean de la Martonie (1514–1519) * Gaston de la Martonie (1 April 1519 – October 1555) *

François de Noailles François de Noailles, (2 July 1519 – 19 September 1585) Papal Prothonotary, made Bishop of Dax in 1556, was French ambassador in Venice in the 1560s, and French ambassador of Charles IX to the Ottoman Empire from 1571 to 1575. François was on ...

(28 September 1556 – 1562) (resigned) * Gilles (Aegidius) de Noailles (1562–1600) resigned

1600–1801

* Jean-Jacques du Sault (25 May 1598 – 25 May 1623) * Philibert du Sault (25 May 1623 – 11 November 1638) * Jacques Desclaux (11 April 1639 – 4 April 1658) * Guillaume Le Boux, Orat. (26 May 1659 – 15 December 1666) (transferred to

Périgueux Périgueux (, ; oc, Peireguers or ) is a communes of France, commune in the Dordogne departments of France, department, in the administrative regions of France, administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. Périgueux i ...

) * Hugues de Bar (7 March 1667 – 1671) (transferred to Lectoure) * Paul-Philippe de Chaumont Quitry (14 December 1671 – 1684) **Leo de La Lanne **Jean Marie de Prugues *Bernard d’Abbadie d’Arbocave (5 May 1692 – 14 December 1732) *François d’Andigné (2 September 1733 – 28 May 1736) *Louis-Marie de Suarès d’Aulan (6 May 1737 – 23 January 1772) *Charles-Auguste Le Quien de La Neufville (27 January 1772 – 24 October 1801) **Jean-Jacques Saurine (Constitutional Bishop of Landes and Basses-Pyrénées) (1791–1802)Dufourcet, pp. 229–230 (with errors). Saurine was consecrated in Paris on 27 February 1791, by Bishop Gobel (one of Bishop Talleyrand's consecrands). Pisani, pp. 430–441; 445. He made his submission to Pope Pius VII, and on 29 April 1802 was granted the Archbishopric of Strasbourg. See: Gams, p. 316.

References

Books and articles

Reference books

* pp. 599–601. (Use with caution; obsolete) * p. 97. (in Latin) * p. 91. * * p. 89. * p. 93. * pp. 92–93.

Studies

* * * *

Attribution

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dax, Ancient Diocese of

5th-century establishments in sub-Roman Gaul 1801 disestablishments in France