Robbie Basho (born Daniel R. Robinson, Jr., August 31, 1940 – February 28, 1986) was an American acoustic guitarist, pianist and singer.

Biography

Basho was born in

Baltimore Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland. With a population of 585,708 at the 2020 census and estimated at 568,271 in 2024, it is the 30th-most populous U.S. city. The Baltimore metropolitan area is the 20th-large ...

, and was orphaned as an infant. Adopted by the Robinson family, Daniel Robinson, Jr. attended Catholic schools in the Archdiocese of Baltimore and was prepared for college at St. James School, Maryland, an Episcopal school. He went on to study at

University of Maryland, College Park The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in College Park, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1856, UMD i ...

. Although he played the euphonium in the high school band and sang in middle school and high school ensembles, his interest in acoustic guitar grew during his college years, as a direct result of his friendships with fellow students John Fahey, Ed Denson, and Max Ochs. In 1959, Basho purchased his first guitar and immersed himself in Asian art and culture. It was around this time that he changed his name to Basho, in honor of the Japanese poet, Matsuo Bashō. Basho saw the steel string guitar as a concert instrument, and wanted to create a

raga A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. It is central to classical Indian music. Each raga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, fro ...

system for America. During a radio interview in 1974, promoting his album '' Zarthus'', Basho discussed his music in detail. He described how he had gone through a number of "periods" related to philosophy and music, including

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

ese,

Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

ian and Native American. ''Zarthus'' represented the culmination of his "Persian period". Basho asserted his wish, along with John Fahey and Leo Kottke, to raise the steel-string guitar to the level of a concert instrument. He acknowledged that the nylon-string guitar was suitable for "love songs", but its steel counterpart could communicate "fire". Basho credited his interest in Indian music to hearing Ravi Shankar, whom he first encountered in 1962. Basho died unexpectedly at the age of 45 due to an accident during a visit to his chiropractor, where an "intentional whiplash" procedure caused blood vessels in his neck to rupture, leading to a fatal stroke.

Guitar style

Robbie Basho's finger-picked guitar technique was influenced heavily by sarod playing, and his studies with the Indian virtuoso Ali Akbar Khan. Basho used unusual open tunings, including a number of variants on "open-C" (CGCGCE), and played a 12-string guitar to recreate the drone that is characteristic of

Indian classical music Indian classical music is the art music, classical music of the Indian subcontinent. It is generally described using terms like ''Shastriya Sangeet'' and ''Marg Sangeet''. It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music known as ...

. Basho often used Eastern modes and scales, but other influences include European

classical music Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be #Relationship to other music traditions, distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical mu ...

blues Blues is a music genre and musical form that originated among African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Blues has incorporated spiritual (music), spirituals, work songs, field hollers, Ring shout, shouts, cha ...

(in his earlier period), and ballad styles of the U.S.

Renewal of interest

In the 1970s and 1980s, Basho's contribution to acoustic steel string guitar was eclipsed early by John Fahey, founder of Takoma Records, and the appearance of Windham Hill Records and its roster of musicians. There has been a renewal of interest in his work since 2000, spurred on by reissues by Takoma, Tompkins Square, and Grass-Tops Recording as well as the release of previously unpublished concerts. Grass-Tops inherited tapes that had been preserved for 30 years by guitarist Glenn Jones. Buck Curran of psychedelic folk band Arborea has curated two Robbie Basho tribute albums, ''We Are All One in the Sun'' (2010) and ''Basket Full of Dragons'' (2016). Both albums feature contemporary artists reinterpreting Basho's material and original compositions inspired by his style. British filmmaker Liam Barker premiered the documentary ''Voice of the Eagle: The Enigma of Robbie Basho'' in London in October 2015 at the Raindance Festival and the film premiered at San Francisco's Roxie Theater in April 2018. It was nominated for the Jury Award at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival. The documentary traces the troubled life of Basho with previously uncovered archive material and interviews with

Pete Townshend Peter Dennis Blandford Townshend (; born 19 May 1945) is an English musician. He is the co-founder, guitarist, keyboardist, second lead vocalist, principal songwriter and leader of the Who, one of the most influential rock bands of the 1960s an ...

, William Ackerman, Alex de Grassi, Henry Kaiser, Glenn Jones, Country Joe McDonald, Steffen Basho-Junghans and Max Ochs.

Discography

;Studio albums * '' The Seal of the Blue Lotus'' ( Takoma, 1965) * '' The Grail & the Lotus'' (Takoma, 1966) * '' Basho Sings'' (Takoma, 1967) * '' The Falconer's Arm I'' (Takoma, 1967) * '' The Falconer's Arm II'' (Takoma, 1967) * '' Venus in Cancer'' ( Blue Thumb, 1969) remastered and reissued by Tompkins Square * '' Song of the Stallion'' (Takoma, 1971) * '' The Voice of the Eagle'' ( Vanguard, 1972) * '' Zarthus'' (Vanguard, 1974) * '' Visions of the Country'' ( Windham Hill, 1978) * '' Art of the Acoustic Steel String Guitar 6 & 12'' (Windham Hill, 1979) * '' Rainbow Thunder: Songs of the American West'' (Silver Label, 1981) * '' Bouquet'' (Basho Productions, 1983) * '' Twilight Peaks'' (Art of Relaxation, 1984) * '' Songs of the Great Mystery'' (Real Gone, 2020) some tracks were released for a short period of time in 2007 as ''Indian II'' ;Live albums * '' Bonn ist Supreme'' (Bo'Weavil, 2008) * '' Art of the Acoustic Steel String Preview'' (Grass-Tops, 2014) * '' Robbie Basho Live in Milwaukee – 1982'' (Grass-Tops, 2015) * '' Portrait of Basho as a Young Dragoon'' (Grass-Tops, 2015) * '' Rocky Mountain Raga - Live from Elgin - 1981'' (Grass-Tops, 2016) * '' Robbie Basho Live at Folkstudio – 1982'' (Grass-Tops, 2016) * '' Robbie Basho Live in Forlì - 1982'' (Topa Topa, 2016) * '' Robbie Basho - Live in Forli, Italy 1982'' Complete Concert (ESP-Disk'/Obsolete Recordings, 2017) ;Compilation albums * ''Basho's Best, Vol. 1'' (Basho, 1982) * '' Guitar Soli'' (Takoma, 1996) * '' Băshovia'' (Takoma, 2001) * '' Song of the Avatars: The Lost Master Tapes'' (Tompkins Square, 2020)

References

External links