Revolution Of The 44

The Revolution of the 44 ( es, Revolución de los 44) was a military rebellion against the government of President General Carlos Ezeta. The rebellion was led a group of generals known as the "44" who were led by Doroteo Caballero, Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez, and Tomás Regalado. The rebellion began in late-April 1894, and by mid-June 1894, the rebels ousted Ezeta and installed Gutiérrez as acting president.

Background

On 22 June 1890, General Carlos Ezeta led a coup d'état against incumbent President General Francisco Menéndez, who died during the coup. He later legitimized his rule during the rigged 1891 presidential election, in which he was the only candidate. His brother, Antonio Ezeta, became his vice president.

Revolution

With his brother, Antonio, he directed a government from the quarter of the Second Brigade of Infantry. In the year 1894, the rejection to his government increased and numerous conspirators who were known to desire to uproot the government were persecuted. While many fled to Guatemala, on April 29 of that year, 44 rebels led by Doroteo Caballero came across the border from that country to Santa Ana. There they took the quarter and they demanded the surrender of the troops. The government was reorganized to put down the rebellion. Antonio Ezeta retreated to Coatepeque, where he requested reinforcements to be sent into Santa Ana. Although there was disagreement and disorganization over the control of the city, many guards were known to be sympathetic to the attacks. However, in spite of a new siege of the official troops and bloody attacks, the rebel forces managed to stay firm until May without Ezeta's men defeating them. However, on May 16, official troops eventually overcame the rebels, largely helped by General Escobar who restored order to the situation.

Flight of Ezeta

On day 21, the event debilitated the governors elsewhere. The Ezeta brothers travelled to Chalatenango. New victories in the Malakoff hill and “Las Marias” on day 24 saw a rebel counter-attack. Antonio Ezeta later left for Coatepeque, and the rebels moved into Opico, near the capital, under the orders of the generals Tomás Regalado and Salvador Avila and the colonel Emilio Calderón.
As this new force proved too powerful, the Ezeta brothers were forced to flee the country in exile by water. Provisional president Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez (assumed power 10 June 1894) entered the capital on 29 July 1894.

Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez would be President of El Salvador from 1894 to 1898. General Tomás Regalado, who was instrumental in the downfall of Ezeta's regime, overthrew Gutiérrez in 1898 and became President of El Salvador. He would be president from 1898 to 1903.

The 44

The following men were the 44 leaders of the revolution:

#Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez
# Tomás Regalado
#Doroteo Caballero
#Gral. Francisco Hurtado Menéndez
# Prudencio Alfaro
#Mariano Morán
#Joaquín Pérez
#Lizandro Arévalo
#Abelardo Bracamonte
#Juan Castro
#Aquilino Duarte
#Luis Gómez
#Macedonio Marroquín
#Francisco Gómez
#Vicente Retana
#Ramón Flores
#Luis Pineda
#Rosendo Guevara
#Marcelino Monterrosa
#Juan Escobar
#Luciano Monterrosa
#Tranquilino Sánchez
#José Miguel Alfaro
#Agustín Linares
#Luis Mathies
#Juan Ortiz
#Adolfo Alvarenga
#Heriberto Alvarenga
#Máximo González
#Faustino Acevedo
#Nicolás Alvarenga
#Eduardo Morales
#Alfonso García
#Isabel Carranza Monterrosa
#Santiago Calidonio
#Alejandro Cabrera
#Reyes Rivera
#Mariano Ramos
#Domingo Campos
#Manuel Quintanilla
#Carmen González
#Dolores Cámbara
#Bernarda Calderón
#Pedro Salguero

References

Citations

Bibliography

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Conflicts in 1894
1894 in El Salvador
Salvadoran revolutionaries
History of El Salvador
Wars involving El Salvador