Resurs-DK No.1,
also called Resurs-DK1, was a commercial
Earth observation satellite
An Earth observation satellite or Earth remote sensing satellite is a satellite used or designed for Earth observation (EO) from orbit, including spy satellites and similar ones intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, me ...
capable of transmitting high-resolution imagery (up to 0.9 m) to the ground stations as it passed overhead. The spacecraft was operated by
NTs OMZ
NTS may refer to:
Broadcasting
* NTS Radio Online Radio Station, Hackney, Great Britain
* National Traffic System, an organized network of amateur radio operators
* National Television Service, television channel in Papua New Guinea
* ''Nederl ...
, the Russian Research Center for Earth Operative Monitoring.
The satellite was designed for multi-spectral remote sensing of the Earth's surface aimed at acquiring high-quality visible images in near real-time as well as on-line data delivery via radio link and providing a wide range of consumers with value-added processed data.
The Russian space tracking service, ASPOS OKP, reported that the spacecraft's onboard systems and attitude control had been terminated in February 2016. Tracking of the satellite was discontinued on 1 March 2016.
Spacecraft
The ''Resurs-DK'' spacecraft was built by the Russian space company
TsSKB-Progress in
Samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
, Russia. It was a modified version of the military
reconnaissance satellite
A reconnaissance satellite or intelligence satellite (commonly, although unofficially, referred to as a spy satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications.
The ...
''
Yantar-4KS1
Yantar ( rus, Янтарь meaning amber) is a series of Russian (previously Soviet) reconnaissance satellites, which supplemented and eventually replaced the Zenit spacecraft. Kosmos 2175, a Yantar-4K2 or ''Kobalt'' spacecraft, was the first sate ...
'' (Terilen).
The spacecraft was three-axis stabilized. The design lifetime was no less than three years, with an expected lifetime of five years. Ground location accuracy was . Onboard storage was 768 gigabits. Data link speed to the ground station was 300
Mbit/s. Maximum daily productivity was .
''Resurs'' is Russian for "Resource". The letters ''DK'' are the initials of
Dmitry Kozlov, chief designer of the first satellite of the ''
Yantar-2K
Yantar-2K ( rus, Янтарь meaning amber) was a type of Soviet reconnaissance satellite which supplemented and eventually replaced the Zenit spacecraft. It was the first satellite of the Yantar series and was managed by the Soviet military int ...
'' class.
Optical subsystem
* Type:
apochromatic
An apochromat, or apochromatic lens (apo), is a photographic or other lens that has better correction of chromatic and spherical aberration than the much more common achromat lenses.
Explanation
Chromatic aberration is the phenomenon of different ...
telephoto
*
Focal length
The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative foca ...
: 4000 mm
* Objective diameter: 500 mm
* Spectral range: 0.5-0.9 μm
* Mass: 310 kg
Made by
Vavilov State Optical Institute, Russi
Spectral Resolution
* 0.58-0.8 μm
panchromatic
Panchromatic emulsion is a type of black-and-white photographic emulsion that is sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light.
Description
A panchromatic emulsion renders a realistic reproduction of a scene as it appears to the human eye, altho ...
* 0.5-0.6 μm green
* 0.6-0.7 μm red
* 0.7-0.8 μm visible and
near infrared
It was not possible to represent an image in
true-color because there was no blue band (0.4 - 0.5 μm). However, it was possible to combine red, green and near infrared in such way that the appearance of the displayed image resembles a visible colour photograph, i.e. vegetation in green, water in blue, soil in brown. This was not always possible because two similarly coloured objects can have completely different reactions to near IR light.
Green, red and near IR are typically combined to make a
traditional false color
False color (or pseudo color) refers to a group of color rendering methods used to display images in color which were recorded in the visible or non-visible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. A false-color image is an image that depicts ...
composite where the near IR is displayed in red, the red is displayed in green, and the green is displayed in blue. This combination is favoured by scientists because near IR is useful for detection of numerous vegetation types. Vegetation appear as redtones, the brighter the red, the healthier the vegetation. Soils with no or sparse vegetation range from white (sand, salt) to greens or browns depending on moisture and organic matter content. Water appears blue, clear water is dark blue to black while shallow waters or waters with high sediment concentrations are lighter blue. Urban areas will appear blue towards gray. Clouds and snow are white.
Focal Plane Unit
Unit featured 4 TDI (
Time Delay and Integration) sensor arrays, one panchromatic and three multispectral. Each sensor array was composed of 36 "Kruiz" CCD chips. Effective length of the single array was about 36000 pixels. Arrays were grouped in 3 separated lines:
* near infrared
* panchromatic and red
* green
This separation was causing a time delay of the colour images combined from green, red and near infrared, so fast-moving objects were shown in triplets. Moving object speed and direction could be calculated. All 4 arrays could work simultaneously, so it was possible to combine panchromatic and 3 multispectral images in one
pansharpened color composite.
The system used 10-bit
analog-to-digital converters.
Focal Plane Unit was made by NPO Opteks, Russi
CCD
The
Charge-coupled device, CCD "Kruiz" was a 1024 pixel x 128 line, high speed
TDI sensor. The active imaging area was organized as 1024 vertical columns and 128 horizontal TDI rows
* Pixel size: 9 x 9 μm
* Number of TDI stages electronically selectable: 128, 64, 32, 16, 8
* Two readout shift registers and two output amplifiers allowing twice faster readout
* Selftest without illumination
* Full well capacity: 120 000 electrons
* Dynamic range: 2500
* Charge transfer efficiency in any direction: more than 0.99998 per transfer
* Maximum quantum efficiency: 0.33 (at 0.72 μm).
Designed jointly by NPO Opteks and ELECTRON-OPTRONIC.
Produced by ELECTRON-OPTRONIC (now is ELA
Spatial resolution
Panchromatic
At the altitude of 360 km:
*
Nadir: 0.9 m
* 30° tilt: 1.0 m
At the altitude of 604 km:
*
Nadir: 1.5 m
* 30° tilt: 1.7 m
Multispectral
1.5–2.0
Temporal resolution
The
Satellite revisit period, revisit rate was 5 to 7 days off-nadir.
Swath
Swath width at the altitude of 350 km:
* 4.7 - 28.3 km (at nadir)
* 40 km (at ± 30°)
ARINA
Russian research hardware for detection of high-energetic electrons and protons, their identification, detection of high-energetic particles bursts – earthquake signs.
* Mass: 9 kg
PAMELA
PAMELA,
was an attached module built by Italian researchers with international partners. Its purpose was basic physics research of
primary cosmic rays.
* Mass: 470 kg
Major current tasks
* Data supply for resource management and economical activity (inventory of natural resources, topographic and thematic mapping).
* Monitoring of pollution sources of the atmosphere, water and soil with the view of providing Federal and regional environmental authorities with the relevant information to make management decisions.
* On-line monitoring of man-caused and natural emergencies for the purpose of effective planning and timely performing of measures to eliminate damages.
* Supplying home and foreign consumers on a commercial basis.
* Research activities (PAMELA and ARINA experiments).
Major orbit change
The satellite was initially placed in a orbit in 2006. On 10 September 2010, its orbit was circularised to , with an inclination of 69.9°.
See also
*
Persona (satellite)
Persona is a class of Russian reconnaissance satellites, derived from the Resurs DK class of remote sensing satellite, in turn derived from the Soviet Yantar reconnaissance satellites. The satellites are built by TsSKB-Progress, and the optics ...
References
External links
*
Over 14000 images from Resurs-DK1Gallery of images
{{Orbital launches in 2006
Earth observation satellites of Russia
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets
Spacecraft launched in 2006
Commercial Earth imaging satellites