Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

elects on a national level a

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

– the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people (after a change from four-year terms after the 2004 election). The

Romanian Parliament The Parliament of Romania ( ro, Parlamentul României) is the national bicameral legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( ro, Camera Deputaților) and the Senate ( ro, Senat). It meets at the Palace of the Parliament in Bu ...

( ro, Parlamentul României) has two

chambers Chambers may refer to: Places Canada: *Chambers Township, Ontario United States: *Chambers County, Alabama * Chambers, Arizona, an unincorporated community in Apache County * Chambers, Nebraska * Chambers, West Virginia * Chambers Township, Hol ...

. The

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...

( ro, Camera Deputaţilor) has currently 330 members (after the last legislative elections), elected for a four-year term by

party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a subset of proportional representation electoral systems in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through their position on an electoral list. They can also be us ...

closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some inf ...

s. The

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

( ro, Senatul) has currently 136 members (after the last legislative elections), elected for a four-year term by

s. Romania has a

multi-party In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in c ...

system, with numerous

parties A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature fo ...

in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form

coalition government A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...

s. On 25 November 2007, for the first time, Romanians

elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a populatio ...

their representatives to the

European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it adopts ...

Electoral system

President

The

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

is elected in a two-round system for a five-year term. Candidates obtaining a majority of 50%+1 of all registered voters in the first round are declared the winner. If none of the candidates achieve this, then a run-off is held between the two contenders with the top scores in the first round. The candidate who obtains any majority of votes in the run-off is declared the winner. The term of the president is five years. Between 1992 and 2004 the term was of four years, but was increased following the 2003 Constitutional referendum. One person can serve a maximum of two terms, that may be consecutive. In order to be able to run for the Office of President a candidate must fulfill the following conditions: be a Romanian citizen, be at least 35 years of age (at least on the day of the election), and not have held the office for two terms since

1992 File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: 1992 Los Angeles riots, Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the Police brutality, police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment buildi ...

, when the 1991 Constitution took effect.

Parliament

The

and the

are elected in constituencies, by universal, equal, direct, secret, and freely expressed suffrage, on the basis of a list system and independent candidatures, according to the principle of

closed party list Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some inf ...

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...

. The option for an identical election system of the two Chambers of

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

confers them the same legitimacy, as both of them are the expression of the will of the same electoral body. The two

Chamber Chamber or the chamber may refer to: In government and organizations *Chamber of commerce, an organization of business owners to promote commercial interests *Legislative chamber, in politics *Debate chamber, the space or room that houses deliber ...

s have different numbers of members: the Chamber of Deputies is composed of 330 Deputies, and the Senate of 136 Senators. This differentiation is possible owing to the legal provision of a representation norm differing from one Chamber to the other and due to the seats allotted to the national minorities (a seat in the Chamber of Deputies for each minority) and to the Romanians living abroad (4 seats in the Chamber and 2 in the Senate). Thus, for the election of the Chamber of Deputies the representation norm is of one Deputy to 73,000 inhabitants, and for the election of the Senate, of one Senator to 168,000 inhabitants. The number of Deputies and Senators to be elected in each

constituency An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger State (polity), state (a country, administrative region, ...

is determined on the basis of the representation norm, by relating the number of inhabitants in each constituency to the representation norm. There are 43 constituencies: 1 for each

county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

and the Municipality of

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

, and 1 for the Romanians living abroad. In a constituency, the number of Deputies cannot be less than four, and that of Senators, less than two. The number of inhabitants taken into account is that existing on 1 January of the previous year, published in the ''Statistical Yearbook of Romania''. If, at least five months before the election date, a general census has taken place, the number of inhabitants taken into account is that resulting from the census. The

electoral threshold The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can ...

is for parties or candidates running individually 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies, and 8-10% for coalitions or electoral alliances. The

Constitution of Romania The current Constitution of Romania is the seventh permanent constitution in modern Romania's history. It is the fundamental governing document of Romania that establishes the structure of its government, the rights and obligations of citizens, ...

and the Election Law grant to legally constituted organizations of citizens belonging to national minorities, in case these could not obtain at the election at least one Deputy or Senator mandate, the right to a Deputy mandate, if they have obtained throughout the country a number of votes equal to at least 5% out of the average number of votes validly expressed throughout the country for the election of one Deputy. The mandates assigned, under the conditions of the Election Law, to organizations of citizens belonging to national minorities are added to the Deputy mandates resulted from the representation norm.

European Parliament

To elect the 33

MEPs A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament. When the European Parliament (then known as the Common Assembly of the ECSC) first met in 1952, its ...

(35 MEPs between 2007 and 2009, 32 between 2014 and 2019), Romania is considered a single constituency. The system used is

, with a 5%

threshold Threshold may refer to: Architecture * Threshold (door), the sill of a door Media * ''Threshold'' (1981 film) * ''Threshold'' (TV series), an American science fiction drama series produced during 2005-2006 * "Threshold" (''Stargate SG-1''), ...

of the votes.

Local elections

To elect the mayors the

first past the post In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their ...

is used. The candidate who wins most of the votes is declared elected. For the office of Presidents of the County Councils, between

2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...

and

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...

, the

first pass the post In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their ...

system was used. Until 2008 and again since

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

, the County Council Presidents have been indirectly elected by each County Council. To elect the Local and County Councils, the

, with a 5%

of the votes at the constituency level (

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

Voting procedures

Irrespective of the type of election, the vote is done by using paper and manual counting. The voter is required to prove his/hers identity using the

Identity card An identity document (also called ID or colloquially as papers) is any documentation, document that may be used to prove a person's identity. If issued in a small, standard credit card size form, it is usually called an identity card (IC, ID c ...

(or the previous version, the ''Identity bulletin''), or, for special reasons, the military ID or the

passport A passport is an official travel document issued by a government that contains a person's identity. A person with a passport can travel to and from foreign countries more easily and access consular assistance. A passport certifies the personal ...

. After (s)he signs in the permanent, supplemental, or special electoral list, (s)he is handed a voting ballot (''buletin de vot'') and a stamp that reads VOTAT YYYY TTT (voted); YYYY stands for the year the election is held, and TTT for the type of elections to be held: L for local elections (including partial), P presidential elections, PE for

election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

, R for referendums (R.V.U. was used in

2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister of Pakistan, Pr ...

). For the general election, up to now, there was no additional type indicator, as it is granted most importance. For the local and parliamentary elections, the voter can vote only at the polling station where (s)he has the permanent address (''domiciliu''), or the temporary residence (''flotant'') at least three months old. For the local election, the

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...

outside Romania cannot vote. For the parliamentary election they vote the candidates for the 43rd constituency. For the

and

presidential President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

elections the voters can vote at a different pooling station than the local and parliamentary elections, but only if (s)he is not in the home-town the voting day. At the next

legislative election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

the Romanian electors residing abroad will be able to cast their vote via mail. The voting ballot is printed on newspaper paper, monochrome. All the candidates (or the full candidate list) are listed in a lottery type established order (first the parliamentary parties, than the non-parliamentary parties, and at the end, the independent candidates), each in a clearly designated rectangular that consists of the full party name, the candidate (or full list) and the party logo. Voters express their choice by stamping the rectangle of the party or independent candidate (s)he wishes to vote for. For referendums the same voting procedure is used. Each of the two options (YES – ''DA'' and NO – ''NU'') are in a 5×5 cm square, YES on top and NO at the bottom, and the question voted for in the middle of the voting ballot.

Future elections

Election schedule

Latest elections

Presidential

European Parliament

, - , - style="background-color:#C9C9C9" !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="4" , Party !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan="2" , No. of
Candidates !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan="2" , Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan="2" , Elected !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan="2" , Change
in seats !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan="2" , % of seats !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan="2" , % of votes , - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="2" , National Party !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , EU Party !style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , EP Group , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,
( ro, Partidul Naţional Liberal) , style="text-align:left;" , EPP , style="text-align:left;" ,

EPP Group The European People's Party Group (EPP Group) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies (MEPs) from the member parties of the European People's Party (EPP). Sometimes it also includes independent MEPs ...

, style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,449,068 , style="text-align:right;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 30.30% , style="text-align:right;" , 27.00% , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,

Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ...

( ro, Partidul Social Democrat) , style="text-align:left;" ,

PES Pes (Latin for "foot") or the acronym PES may refer to: Pes * Pes (unit), a Roman unit of length measurement roughly corresponding with a foot * Pes or podatus, a * Pes (rural locality), several rural localities in Russia * Pes (river), a river ...

, style="text-align:left;" , S&D , style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,040,765 , style="text-align:right;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 27.27% , style="text-align:right;" , 22.50% , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,

2020 USR-PLUS Alliance USR PLUS was a Romanian progressive, liberal, and centrist political alliance active between 2019 and 2021. Established on 2 February 2019 solely as an electoral alliance between the political parties Save Romania Union (USR) and the Freedom, ...

( ro, Alianța 2020 USR-PLUS) *

Save Romania Union The Save Romania Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a liberal political party active in Romania and Moldova, currently the third largest party in the Parliament with 43 deputies and 22 senators, and fifth at national level (following ...

( ro, Uniunea Salvați România) *

Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party The Party of Liberty, Unity and Solidarity (, PLUS) was a pro-European, liberal political party established on 26 October 2018, whose president was Dacian Cioloș, former Prime Minister of Romania from 2015 until 2017, elected on 26 January 2019. ...

( ro, Partidul Libertății, Unității și Solidarității) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ALDE&R , style="text-align:right;" , 40 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,028,236 , style="text-align:right;" , 8 , style="text-align:right;" , 8 , style="text-align:right;" , 24.24% , style="text-align:right;" , 22.36% , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

PRO Romania PRO Romania (, PRO) is a minor extra-parliamentary Social liberalism, social liberal list of political parties in Romania, political party in Romania. History The founding of PRO Romania was initiated in 2017 by former Prime Minister Victor Po ...

( ro, PRO România) , style="text-align:left;" , EDP , style="text-align:left;" , S&D
ECR , style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 583,916 , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.06% , style="text-align:right;" , 6.44% , - , style="background-color:#90EE90;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,

People's Movement Party The People's Movement Party ( ro, Partidul Mișcarea Populară, PMP) is a minor extra-parliamentary nominally centre-right Christian democratic, national-conservative political party in Romania. History The PMP was created as a political founda ...

( ro, Partidul Mișcarea Populară) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" ,

, style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 522,104 , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.06% , style="text-align:right;" , 5.76% , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,

Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...

( ro, Uniunea Democrată a Maghiarilor din România) , style="text-align:left;" , EPP , style="text-align:left;" ,

, style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 476,777 , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.06% , style="text-align:right;" , 5.26% , - , , style="text-align:left;" , Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
( ro, Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților) , style="text-align:left;" , ALDE , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 372,760 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 4.11% , - , style="background-color:#DDDDDD;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,

Independent candidate An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views th ...

: Peter Costea , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 131,021 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 1.44% , - , style="background-color:#DDDDDD;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,

: George-Nicolae Simion , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 117,141 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 1.29% , - , style="background-color:#DDDDDD;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,

: Gregoriana Carmen Tudoran , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 100,669 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 1.11% , - , style="background-color:#D90000", , style="text-align:left;" ,

National Union for the Progress of Romania The National Union for the Progress of Romania ( ro, Uniunea Națională pentru Progresul României, UNPR) is a political party in Romania. The party was formed in March 2010 by independents who had broken away from the Social Democratic Party (P ...

( ro, Uniunea Națională pentru Progresul României) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ''No MEPs'' , style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 54,942 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.61% , - , , style="text-align:left;" , Prodemo Party
( ro, Partidul Prodemo) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ''No MEPs'' , style="text-align:right;" , 26 , style="text-align:right;" , 53,351 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.59% , - , style="background-color:, , style="text-align:left;" ,

United Romania Party The United Romania Party ( ro, Partidul România Unită) was a Romanian nationalist political party. It was founded by former members of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), such as Bogdan Diaconu and Greater Romania Party (PRM), like Horațiu Șe ...

( ro, Partidul România Unită) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ''No MEPs'' , style="text-align:right;" , 30 , style="text-align:right;" , 51,787 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.57% , - , style="background-color:red, , style="text-align:left;" , Romanian Socialist Party
( ro, Partidul Socialist Român) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ''No MEPs'' , style="text-align:right;" , 28 , style="text-align:right;" , 40,135 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.44% , - , style="background-color:red, , style="text-align:left;" , Independent Social Democratic Party
( ro, Partidul Social Democrat Independent) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ''No MEPs'' , style="text-align:right;" , 43 , style="text-align:right;" , 26,439 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.29% , - , , style="text-align:left;" , National Unity Block - NUB
( ro, Blocul Unității Naționale - BUN) , style="text-align:left;" , — , style="text-align:left;" , ''No MEPs'' , style="text-align:right;" , 12 , style="text-align:right;" , 20,411 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.23% , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=4 , Total: 18,267,256 expected voters (turnout – 51.20%) ! style="text-align:right;" , 483 ! style="text-align:right;" , 9,352,472 ! style="text-align:right;" , 33 ! style="text-align:right;" , 1 ! style="text-align:right;" , 100% ! style="text-align:right;" , 100% , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=11 , Source
Summary of the results
''Notes''

After the 2014 election, PNL merged with PD-L/PDL and joined the EPP, and
EPP Group The European People's Party Group (EPP Group) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies (MEPs) from the member parties of the European People's Party (EPP). Sometimes it also includes independent MEPs ...
.
Prior to the 2019 election,
Save Romania Union The Save Romania Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a liberal political party active in Romania and Moldova, currently the third largest party in the Parliament with 43 deputies and 22 senators, and fifth at national level (following ...
had no MEPs, and no European affiliation.
According to th
website of the ALDE Group
USR Plus will be part of its new group called "ALDE plus Renaissance plus USR Plus.
Monica Macovei Monica Luisa Macovei (; born 4 February 1959) is a Romanian politician, lawyer and former prosecutor, and former Member of the European Parliament from the European Conservatives and Reformists and formerly a member of the Romanian Democratic L ...
, the founder of the M10 party, was ousted.
Daciana Sârbu Daciana Octavia Sârbu (born 15 January 1977) is a Romanian politician, legal counsellor, and Member of the European Parliament. Political career Affiliated with the Social Democratic Party (PSD), part of the Party of European Socialists, she bec ...
sits with the S&D.
Laurențiu Rebega Laurențiu Rebega (born 20 February 1976) is a Romanian politician and since 2014, a member of the European Parliament (MEP). In the European Parliament, Laurentiu Rebega is a full member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development (CO ...
sits with the ECR.
After the lists have been approved by the Central Electoral Bureau, three candidates of the 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance have renounced their candidacy. The Central Electoral Bureau ruled the elimination of said positions on the list.Central Electoral Bureau decision no. 57
/ref>

Legislative

The

(PSD) won the general election with a little bit over 29% of the seats in both houses of

, but remained in opposition. PNL, USR-PLUS, and UDMR forming a coalition government. This election saw the return of the county (and Bucharest) level lists, replacing the previous mixed member election. In addition, it also maintained special seats for Romanians living abroad (i.e. the Romanian diaspora), in both houses.

Local

, - , - style="background-color:#C9C9C9" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 , Party ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=3 ,

Mayor of Bucharest The Mayor of Bucharest ( ro, Primarul General al Municipiului București), sometimes known as the General Mayor, is the head of the Bucharest City Hall in Bucharest, Romania, which is responsible for citywide affairs, such as the water system, the ...

(PGMB) ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=3 , Mayors (P) ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=3 , Local Councils
seats (CL) ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=3 , County Councils
seats (CJ) , - , - style="background-color:#C9C9C9" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - , , style="text-align:left;" , National Liberal Party
( ro, Partidul Național Liberal - PNL) , style="text-align:right;" , 282,631 (with USR-PLUS) , style="text-align:right;" , 42.81% (with USR-PLUS) , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,578,820 , style="text-align:right;" , 34.58% , style="text-align:right;" , 1,232 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,420,413 , style="text-align:right;" , 32.88% , style="text-align:right;" , 14,182 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,212,904 , style="text-align:right;" , 30.76% , style="text-align:right;" , 474 , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,

( ro, Partidul Social Democrat - PSD) , style="text-align:right;" , 250,690 , style="text-align:right;" , 37.97% , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,262,791 , style="text-align:right;" , 30.34% , style="text-align:right;" , 1,362 , style="text-align:right;" , 2,090,777 , style="text-align:right;" , 28.40% , style="text-align:right;" , 13,820 , style="text-align:right;" , 1,605,721 , style="text-align:right;" , 22.32% , style="text-align:right;" , 362 , - , style="background-color:#00aae7 ", , style="text-align:left;" , USR-PLUS
( ro, Alianța 2020 USR-PLUS - USR-PLUS) , style="text-align:right;" , 282,631 (with PNL) , style="text-align:right;" , 42.81% (with PNL) , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 490,362 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.58% , style="text-align:right;" , 28 , style="text-align:right;" , 504,563 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.85% , style="text-align:right;" , 1,207 , style="text-align:right;" , 478,659 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.65% , style="text-align:right;" , 65 , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,

( ro, Partidul Mișcarea Populară - PMP) , style="text-align:right;" , 72,556 , style="text-align:right;" , 10.99% , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 353,005 , style="text-align:right;" , 4.73% , style="text-align:right;" , 50 , style="text-align:right;" , 420,791 , style="text-align:right;" , 5.72% , style="text-align:right;" , 2,137 , style="text-align:right;" , 423,147 , style="text-align:right;" , 5.88% , style="text-align:right;" , 67 , - , style="background-color: , , style="text-align:left;" ,

( ro, PRO România - PRO RO) , style="text-align:right;" , 5,315 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.80% , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 331,878 , style="text-align:right;" , 4.45% , style="text-align:right;" , 36 , style="text-align:right;" , 381,535 , style="text-align:right;" , 5.18% , style="text-align:right;" , 1,885 , style="text-align:right;" , 356,030 , style="text-align:right;" , 4.95% , style="text-align:right;" , 56 , - , , style="text-align:left;" ,

( ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România - UDMR) , style="text-align:right;" , - , style="text-align:right;" , - , style="text-align:right;" , - , style="text-align:right;" , 299,334 , style="text-align:right;" , 4.01% , style="text-align:right;" , 199 , style="text-align:right;" , 362,442 , style="text-align:right;" , 4.92% , style="text-align:right;" , 2,360 , style="text-align:right;" , 379,924 , style="text-align:right;" , 5.28% , style="text-align:right;" , 92 , - , , style="text-align:left;" , Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
( ro, Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților - ALDE) , style="text-align:right;" , 9,892 , style="text-align:right;" , 1.49% , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 124,649 , style="text-align:right;" , 1.67% , style="text-align:right;" , 15 , style="text-align:right;" , 189,665 , style="text-align:right;" , 2.58% , style="text-align:right;" , 861 , style="text-align:right;" , 209,411 , style="text-align:right;" , 2.91% , style="text-align:right;" , 15 , - , , style="text-align:left;" , Other political parties and contenders, local alliances , style="text-align:right;" , 39,034 , style="text-align:right;" , 5.91% , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 1,140,903 , style="text-align:right;" , 15.30% , style="text-align:right;" , 282 , style="text-align:right;" , 1,086,907 , style="text-align:right;" , 14.76% , style="text-align:right;" , 3,448 , style="text-align:right;" , 1,528,189 , style="text-align:right;" , 21.24% , style="text-align:right;" , 209 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan = 2 , Total: , style="text-align:right;" , 660,118 , style="text-align:right;" , 100 , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 7,457,093 , style="text-align:right;" , 100 , style="text-align:right;" , 3,176 , style="text-align:right;" , 7,361,818 , style="text-align:right;" , 100 , style="text-align:right;" , 39,900 , style="text-align:right;" , 7,193,985 , style="text-align:right;" , 100 , style="text-align:right;" , 1,340 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=20 , ''Notes'' , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=20 , Sources
Romanian Permanent Electoral Authority
, -

Referendums

The

defines that a referendum has to be called to: * suspend the President from office (article 95), or * amend the Constitution (article 151) Moreover, the Constitution defines that a referendum can be called on matters of national interest by the

President of Romania The president of Romania ( ro, Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. Following a modification to the Constitution of Romania, Romanian Constitution in 2003, the president is directly elected by a two-round system and serves ...

after consultation with Parliament (article 90). There were 8 referendums (and 1 local one) in post-communist Romania: * 2 constitutional referendums: in

1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...

and

2003 File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...

* 2 presidential impeachment referendums: in May 2007 and in

* voting system referendum in November 2007 * parliamentary reform referendum in 2009 * referendum regarding the definition of family and another one only in the

Olt County Olt County () is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt river). The capital city is Slatina. History On 24 August 2017, the Olt County ...

to rename it to "Olt-Romanați County" in 2018 at the same time * referendum about justice and corruption in 2019 There was also 1 referendum in the

Socialist Republic of Romania The Socialist Republic of Romania ( ro, Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989. From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People ...

, 3 referendums in the

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...

and 2 referendums in the

Romanian United Principalities The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( ro, Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities, was the personal union of the Moldavia, Principality of Moldavia and the Wallachia, Princip ...

References

Sources

Official site of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania

External links

Report on 30 November 2008 election resultsAdam Carr's Election ArchiveReport on new Uninominal System
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elections In Romania