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''Red Dead Redemption'' is a 2010
action-adventure game The action-adventure genre is a video game hybrid genre that combines core elements from both the action game and adventure game genres. Typically, pure adventure games have situational problems for the player to solve to complete a story ...
developed by
Rockstar San Diego Rockstar San Diego, Inc. (formerly Angel Studios, Inc.) is an American video game developer and a studio of Rockstar Games based in Carlsbad, California. The studio is best known for developing the ''Midnight Club'' and ''Red Dead'' series. ...
and published by
Rockstar Games Rockstar Games, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City. The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, using the assets Take-Two had previously acquired from BMG Interactive. Foun ...
. A
spiritual successor A spiritual successor (sometimes called a spiritual sequel) is a product or fictional work that is similar to, or directly inspired by, another previous work, but (unlike a traditional prequel or sequel) does not explicitly continue the product lin ...
to 2004's ''
Red Dead Revolver ''Red Dead Revolver'' is a 2004 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It is the first entry in the ''Red Dead'' series, and was released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in May 2004. Set in the 1880 ...
'', it is the second game in the ''
Red Dead ''Red Dead'' is a series of Western-themed action-adventure games published by Rockstar Games. The first entry in the series, ''Red Dead Revolver'', was released on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in May 2004. Originally developed by Capcom, ''Red ...
'' series. ''Red Dead Redemption'' is set during the decline of the
American frontier The American frontier, also known as the Old West or the Wild West, encompasses the geography, history, folklore, and culture associated with the forward wave of United States territorial acquisitions, American expansion in mainland North Amer ...
in the year 1911 and follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring three members of his former gang to justice. The game is played from a
third-person perspective Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the a ...
. The player may freely roam in its interactive open world, a fictionalized version of the
Western United States The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the Wes ...
and
Northern Mexico Northern Mexico ( es, el Norte de México ), commonly referred as , is an informal term for the northern cultural and geographical area in Mexico. Depending on the source, it contains some or all of the states of Baja California, Baja California ...
, primarily by
horseback Equestrianism (from Latin , , , 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as horse riding (Commonwealth English) or horseback riding (American English), includes the disciplines of riding, driving, and vaulting. This broad description includes the ...
and on foot. Gunfights emphasize a
gunslinger Gunfighters, also called gunslingers (), or in the 19th and early 20th centuries gunmen, were individuals in the American Old West who gained a reputation of being dangerous with a gun and participated in gunfights and shootouts. Today, the t ...
gameplay mechanic called "Dead Eye" that allows players to mark multiple shooting targets on enemies in
slow motion Slow motion (commonly abbreviated as slo-mo or slow-mo) is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down. It was invented by the Austrian priest August Musger in the early 20th century. This can be accomplished through the use o ...
. The game makes use of a morality system, by which the player's actions in the game affect their character's levels of honor and fame and how
other characters Other often refers to: * Other (philosophy), a concept in psychology and philosophy Other or The Other may also refer to: Film and television * ''The Other'' (1913 film), a German silent film directed by Max Mack * ''The Other'' (1930 film), a ...
respond to the player. An
online multiplayer A multiplayer video game is a video game in which more than one person can play in the same game environment at the same time, either locally on the same computing system (couch co-op), on different computing systems via a local area network, or ...
mode is included with the game, allowing up to 16 players to engage in both
cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-control ...
and competitive gameplay in a recreation of the single-player setting. The game's development lasted over five years, and it became one of the most expensive video games ever made. Rockstar improved its proprietary
game engine A game engine is a software framework primarily designed for the development of video games and generally includes relevant libraries and support programs. The "engine" terminology is similar to the term "software engine" used in the software i ...
to increase its technological capabilities. The development team conducted extensive research, including field trips to
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
and analyzing classic
Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...
films, to achieve realism while creating the game. The team hired professional actors to perform the body movements through
motion capture Motion capture (sometimes referred as mo-cap or mocap, for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people. It is used in military, entertainment, sports, medical applications, and for validation of computer vision and robo ...
. ''Red Dead Redemption'' features an
original score A film score is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to e ...
composed by Bill Elm and
Woody Jackson Woodrow Wilson Jackson III (born June 10, 1970) is an American composer and session musician. He is best known for his work with Rockstar Games, composing scores for its video games ''Red Dead Redemption'', ''L.A. Noire'', ''Grand Theft Auto V' ...
. The game's development received controversy following accusations of unethical working practices. The working hours and managerial style of the studio was met with public complaints from staff members. ''Red Dead Redemption'' was released for the
PlayStation 3 The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. The successor to the PlayStation 2, it is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It was first released on Novemb ...
and
Xbox 360 The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation ...
in May 2010. It received critical acclaim for its visuals, music, performances, gameplay, and narrative. It won several year-end accolades, including
Game of the Year Game of the Year (GotY) is an award given by various award events and media publications to a video game that they feel represented the pinnacle of gaming that year. Events and ceremonies British Academy Games Awards (BAFTA Games Awards) ...
awards from several
gaming publications Video game journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of video games, typically based on a core "reveal–preview–review" cycle. With the prevalence and rise of independent media online, online publicat ...
, and is considered by critics as one of the best video games ever made. It had shipped around 23million copies by 2021, making it one of the best-selling video games. After the game's release, several
downloadable content Downloadable content (DLC) is additional content created for an already released video game, distributed through the Internet by the game's publisher. It can either be added for no extra cost or it can be a form of video game monetization, enablin ...
additions were released; ''
Undead Nightmare ''Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare'' is a standalone expansion pack to the 2010 video game ''Red Dead Redemption''. It adds a non-canonical zombie horror-themed single-player campaign, two multiplayer modes, and cosmetic additions to the e ...
'', later released as a standalone game, added a new single-player campaign in which Marston searches for a cure for an infectious zombie plague. A
prequel A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work. The term " ...
, ''
Red Dead Redemption 2 ''Red Dead Redemption 2'' is a 2018 action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. The game is the third entry in the ''Red Dead'' series and a prequel to the 2010 game ''Red Dead Redemption''. The story is set in 1899 and f ...
'', was released in October 2018.


Gameplay

''Red Dead Redemption'' is a
Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...
-themed
action-adventure game The action-adventure genre is a video game hybrid genre that combines core elements from both the action game and adventure game genres. Typically, pure adventure games have situational problems for the player to solve to complete a story ...
played from a
third-person perspective Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the a ...
. The player controls John Marston and completes missions—linear scenarios with set objectives—to progress through the story; in the game's epilogue, the player controls John's son Jack. Outside of missions, players may freely roam the open world environment, consisting of the American states New Austin and West Elizabeth—fictionalized versions of the
Western United States The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the Wes ...
—and the fictional
Mexican Mexican may refer to: Mexico and its culture *Being related to, from, or connected to the country of Mexico, in North America ** People *** Mexicans, inhabitants of the country Mexico and their descendants *** Mexica, ancient indigenous people ...
state of Nuevo Paraíso. Different breeds of horses are the main forms of transportation, each with different attributes. Horses must be tamed in the wild, stolen, or purchased in order to use them. The player can utilize trains and carriages for quick travel. The game's undeveloped land makes up the largest portion of the game world, featuring various rugged and vast landscapes with occasional travelers, bandits, and wildlife. Urban settlements range from isolated farmhouses to crowded towns. The player can witness and partake in random events as they explore the game world, including public hangings, ambushes, pleas for assistance, encounters with strangers, ride-by shootings, and dangerous animal attacks. Optional side activities are also available, such as
dueling A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two people, with matched weapons, in accordance with agreed-upon rules. During the 17th and 18th centuries (and earlier), duels were mostly single combats fought with swords (the rapier and la ...
,
bounty hunting A bounty hunter is a private agent working for bail bonds who captures fugitives or criminals for a commission or bounty. The occupation, officially known as bail enforcement agent, or fugitive recovery agent, has traditionally operated outsid ...
, herb collecting,
gambling Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three el ...
, and hunting. ''Red Dead Redemption'' uses an Honor system, which measures how the player's actions are perceived in terms of morality. Morally positive deeds, such as capturing an outlaw alive or saving a stranger, will add up to the player's Honor. Conversely, negative choices such as murder will subtract from the player's Honor. This works in conjunction with the Fame system, which affects how
non-player character A non-player character (NPC), or non-playable character, is any character in a game that is not controlled by a player. The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster o ...
s (NPCs) react to the player based on their Honor. If the player has high Honor, NPCs will greet them and they will receive discounts in some stores; if low, NPCs will act insecure and establishments may close their doors. The player can disguise themselves by wearing a
bandana A kerchief (from the Old French ''couvrechief'', "cover head"), also known as a bandana, bandanna, or "Wild Rag" (in cowboy culture), is a triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head, face or neck for protective or decorative purpos ...
when performing criminal acts. Gunfights are an essential gameplay mechanic in ''Red Dead Redemption''. The player can take cover, target a specific person or animal, blindfire, and free aim. Individual body parts can also be targeted, in order to take targets down non-lethally. Weapons consist of revolvers, pistols, rifles, shotguns, knives, explosives, and lassos. Aiming utilizes a
gunslinger Gunfighters, also called gunslingers (), or in the 19th and early 20th centuries gunmen, were individuals in the American Old West who gained a reputation of being dangerous with a gun and participated in gunfights and shootouts. Today, the t ...
gameplay mechanic known as Dead Eye, a targeting system that allows the player to slow down time and mark targets. Once the targeting sequence ends, the player fires to all marked locations in extremely quick succession. The Dead Eye system upgrades and grants more abilities as the player progresses through the story. The game introduces the bounty system, a crime-governing mechanic inspired by ''
Grand Theft Auto ''Grand Theft Auto'' (''GTA'') is a series of action-adventure games created by David Jones (video game developer), David Jones and Mike Dailly (game designer), Mike Dailly. Later titles were developed under the oversight of brothers Dan Hous ...
''s wanted system. When the player commits a crime, witnesses run to the nearest police station. The player can either bribe or kill them before they reach the station, negating any consequences. Once the law is alerted, the Wanted meter appears with a bounty set on the player's head. The bounty grows higher as the player commits more crimes, and more lawmen will be sent to hunt them. After committing enough crime, the
U.S. Marshals The United States Marshals Service (USMS) is a federal law enforcement agency in the United States. The USMS is a bureau within the U.S. Department of Justice, operating under the direction of the Attorney General, but serves as the enforceme ...
or
Mexican Army The Mexican Army ( es, Ejército Mexicano) is the combined land and air branch and is the largest part of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army. The Army is under the authority of the Secretariat of National De ...
will be sent to the player's location. To evade law enforcement in pursuit, the player must escape a circular zone or kill all lawmen in a town. If the player escapes, bounty hunters will continue to track after them. The bounty will remain on their head until they pay it at a
telegraph Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas p ...
station or present a pardon letter. The
online multiplayer A multiplayer video game is a video game in which more than one person can play in the same game environment at the same time, either locally on the same computing system (couch co-op), on different computing systems via a local area network, or ...
allows up to 16 players to engage in competitive and cooperative gameplay in a recreation of the single-player setting. Each game begins with a
Mexican standoff A Mexican standoff is a confrontation in which no strategy exists that allows any party to achieve victory. Any party initiating aggression might trigger its own demise. At the same time, the parties are unable to extricate themselves from the sit ...
, of which the survivors can move to any part of the battlefield in preparation for
respawn In video games, spawning is the live creation of a character, item or NPC. Respawning is the recreation of an entity after its death or destruction, perhaps after losing one of its lives. Despawning is the deletion of an entity from the game w ...
ing enemies. Event types include
deathmatch Deathmatch, also known as free-for-all, is a gameplay mode integrated into many shooter games, including first-person shooter (FPS), and real-time strategy (RTS) video games, where the goal is to kill (or "frag") the other players' characters a ...
scenarios and
capture the flag Capture the flag (CTF) is a traditional outdoor sport where two or more teams each have a flag (or other markers) and the objective is to capture the other team's flag, located at the team's "base", and bring it safely back to their own base. ...
variants. Crates in the environment contain extra weapons, ammo, and other
powerup In video games, a power-up is an object that adds temporary benefits or extra abilities to the player character as a game mechanic. This is in contrast to an item, which may or may not have a permanent benefit that can be used at any time chosen ...
s. Players can level up and complete weapon challenges which earn them rewards such as new character models, golden weapon skins, new titles, and new breeds of animal mounts. Multiplayer also features open-world gameplay, wherein players can form or join a group of up to eight players in a "posse" group and partake in hunting or attack other gangs or posses. In some game modes, players are unable to kill each other.


Plot

In 1911, the family of former outlaw John Marston (
Rob Wiethoff Robert Allen Wiethoff (born September 15, 1976) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for portraying John Marston in the 2010 video game ''Red Dead Redemption'', its expansion ''Undead Nightmare'', and the 2018 prequel ''Red De ...
) is kidnapped by
Bureau of Investigation The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, t ...
agents, Edgar Ross (Jim Bentley) and Archer Fordham (
David Wilson Barnes David Wilson Barnes (born October 30, 1972) is an American actor. He has appeared in '' Capote'' (2005), '' The Company Men'' (2010), '' The Bourne Legacy'' (2012) and '' Bridge of Spies'' (2015). Barnes was born in San Diego, California. His ...
), who force him to hunt down his former gang members in exchange for his family's return. John first goes after former ally Bill Williamson (
Steve J. Palmer Steve J. Palmer (born November 8, 1975) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for providing the voice and motion capture for Bill Williamson in the 2010 video game ''Red Dead Redemption'', and its 2018 prequel ''Red Dead Redempt ...
), who now leads his own gang that terrorizes the residents of New Austin. He arrives at Williamson's stronghold at Fort Mercer, but fails to persuade him to surrender, resulting in John being shot and left for dead. Rescued by local rancher Bonnie MacFarlane (Kimberly Irion), he helps her with several jobs around her farm, while formulating a plan to attack Williamson's gang. John makes a number of allies to help him carry out the attack, including
U.S. Marshal The United States Marshals Service (USMS) is a federal law enforcement agency in the United States. The USMS is a bureau within the U.S. Department of Justice, operating under the direction of the Attorney General, but serves as the enforce ...
Leigh Johnson (
Anthony De Longis Anthony Charles De Longis (born March 23, 1950) is an American actor, stuntman, and fight choreographer. Life and career De Longis was born in Glendale, California. He attended California State University, Northridge where he was initiated ...
),
con artist A confidence trick is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their trust. Confidence tricks exploit victims using their credulity, naïveté, compassion, vanity, confidence, irresponsibility, and greed. Researchers have def ...
Nigel West Dickens (
Don Creech Don Creech (born October 30, 1948 in New York) is an American actor who has appeared in many television shows. He is mainly known for playing Mr. Sweeney, the science teacher in ''Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide'' and the snake oil merch ...
), treasure hunter Seth Briars (Kevin Glikmann), and an arms smuggler known as "Irish" (K. Harrison Sweeney). Ultimately, John and his allies storm Fort Mercer and kill all of Williamson's men, but learn that Williamson has fled to Mexico to seek help from Javier Escuella (Antonio Jaramillo), another former member of John's gang. John parts ways with his allies and travels to Mexico. Upon his arrival in Nuevo Paraíso, John becomes involved in a local
civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
between Colonel Agustín Allende (Gary Carlos Cervantes), the state's tyrannical ruler, and Abraham Reyes (
Josh Segarra Josh Segarra (born June 3, 1986) is an American actor. He is known for his roles on the television series ''The Electric Company'', ''Sirens'', and ''Arrow'' as well as for originating the role of Emilio Estefan in the musical ''On Your Feet!''. ...
), the leader of a rebellion against Allende's government. John works with both sides in exchange for help in tracking down his targets. When Allende decides to turn on him, John is rescued by Reyes and vows to aid the rebels in gaining an advantage. During a raid on an Army fortress, the rebels help him find Escuella, who reveals that Williamson is under Allende's protection. After killing or capturing Escuella, John hands him over to Ross and Fordham. Reyes eventually leads an assault on Allende's palace, and John helps him chase and execute Allende and Williamson when they attempt to flee. Leaving Reyes to rule Nuevo Paraíso and lead his revolution to Mexico's capital, John returns to the United States. In Blackwater, Ross and Fordham enlist John's help in tracking down Dutch van der Linde ( Benjamin Byron Davis), his former gang's leader and John's former mentor. Dutch has recently formed a gang with disaffected Native Americans, with whom he shares a hatred for the government and modernization. Aided by Ross's associates, John finds Dutch's stronghold in the mountains. After helping Ross and Fordham thwart Dutch's robbery of the Blackwater Bank, John partakes in the
U.S. Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cl ...
's assault on Dutch's stronghold. Chased to a cliff, Dutch concedes defeat and warns John that the Bureau will not give him peace, before committing suicide. Afterward, Ross honors their agreement and allows John to be reunited with his family. Returning to his ranch, John reunites with his wife Abigail (Sophia Marzocchi), son Jack (
Josh Blaylock Josh Blaylock (born March 29, 1990) is an American actor and professional photographer. Blaylock is best known for his role as BrianD in the web series ''Video Game High School'' from 2012 to 2014. He has also appeared in ''The Bernie Mac Show'', ...
) and former gang member Uncle (Spider Madison) to attempt an honest life again. However, this peace is short-lived as Ross betrays John and leads a small army in an attack on his ranch. John tries to fend them off, but the attacking force is too large, and Uncle is killed. John helps his family escape and stays to confront the attackers, who shoot him to death and leave. In 1914, Jack buries Abigail after she dies, and exacts revenge by killing the recently retired Ross.


Themes and analysis

''Red Dead Redemption'' explores themes of the
cycle of violence The term cycle of violence refers to repeated and dangerous acts of violence as a cyclical pattern, governmental control, the loss of innocence and freedom,
manifest destiny Manifest destiny was a cultural belief in the 19th century in the United States, 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. There were three basic tenets to the concept: * The special vir ...
,
masculinity Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors con ...
,
social change Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Definition Social change may not refer to the notion of social progress or sociocult ...
, and redemption; it also received commentary for its representation of Native Americans and violence. ''
IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...
''s Erik Brudvig considered it a commentary on modern political issues such as racism and immigration; writer
Dan Houser Daniel Houser (born November 1973) is an English video game producer, writer, and voice actor, as well as the co-founder (along with his brother Sam) and former vice president of creativity for Rockstar Games. As well as producing video games, ...
said that the story was not intended as a satire of contemporary America, but that parallels were inevitable due to the similarities of the time period. Some scholars identified that the game conforms to
neoliberal Neoliberalism (also neo-liberalism) is a term used to signify the late 20th century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism after it fell into decline following the Second World War. A prominent fa ...
values, particularly in its depoliticizing of the sufferers of corporate greed, though one scholar conversely felt that it ridicules the selfishness of neoliberals. Matt Margini described the narrative as a
tragedy Tragedy (from the grc-gre, τραγῳδία, ''tragōidia'', ''tragōidia'') is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a main character. Traditionally, the intention of tragedy ...
, citing
Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
's proposal that the hero is neither good nor evil and that "tragic heroes are tragic because they bring about their own fall, despite having good intentions". Several scholars noted that, despite the use of the word "redemption" in the game's title, such a feat was impossible for John; Reid McCarter of ''Bullet Points Monthly'' described the use of the word as "bitterly ironic" due to the inability of reinvention for both the characters and the country. Margini wrote that the final chapter allowed the player to feel that they had achieved the promised redemption, only for it to be taken away by the story's end. Conversely, ''
Kotaku ''Kotaku'' is a video game website and blog that was originally launched in 2004 as part of the Gawker Media network. Notable former contributors to the site include Luke Smith, Cecilia D'Anastasio, Tim Rogers, and Jason Schreier. History ...
''s Heather Alexandra felt that John achieved his redemption upon sacrificing himself to save his family. Benjamin J. Triana found that, while John's death "implies transcendence", it is not overtly sacrificial, nor does it represent John as a hero. ''
Gamasutra ''Game Developer'', known as ''Gamasutra'' until 2021, is a website founded in 1997 that focuses on aspects of video game development. It is owned and operated by Informa and acts as the online sister publication to the print magazine '' Gam ...
''s Richard Clark considered the depiction of redemption to be "cynical and overly simple". ''Red Dead Redemption'' also explores the impacts of the cycle of violence, most notably represented through Jack's continuation of his father's failures by adopting the outlaw status.
NPR National Public Radio (NPR, stylized in all lowercase) is an American privately and state funded nonprofit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It differs from other ...
's Jason Sheehan considered the game a tale of "the senselessness of violence used to solve violence begetting only more violence". M. Melissa Elston found that, like other modern media, it attempts to "reframe the violence and simplistic moral dualism of previous pop-cultural representations of the Old West". The game drew some commentary for its depiction of violence; Margini considered it justifiable since "violence means something". Timothy J. Welsh felt similarly, adding that it is "just a game", but recognized the worrisome nihilism it could perpetuate if generalized. Christopher Bartel rebutted this sentiment, expressing hesitancy at the moral justification of virtual murder and noting that "even hard-core gamers might balk at virtual sadism". The game presents the ethos of the American Dream in its formation, in contrast with the modern-day representation in ''
Grand Theft Auto IV ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' is a 2008 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the sixth main entry in the ''Grand Theft Auto'' series, following 2004's '' Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'', and the ...
'' (2008). While John's violent past rendered him unable to achieve redemption, it also impacted his son's own ability to achieve the American Dream as he becomes an outlaw like his father. The game also features commentary on freedom and control, and the manner in which societal change acts as a catalyst for losing one's control and compromising their morality. The journey from the open fields to the city of Blackwater represents civilization's control over the natural world, though the player lacks control during the opening sequence in which John leaves Blackwater, only gaining it when reentering the city later in the game. While ''Red Dead Redemption'' grants the player freedom, they ultimately lack control over the narrative as "being free to do things is not the same as being able to change things", an ideology that is directly reflected in John's inability to prevent his own death. Triana felt that the ending allowed the player to properly understand John's rejection of a developing society and institutions due to the misery endured from the government. The game also demonstrates the disparities of
economic inequality There are wide varieties of economic inequality, most notably income inequality measured using the distribution of income (the amount of money people are paid) and wealth inequality measured using the distribution of wealth (the amount of we ...
; Sara Humphreys identified a connection between MacFarlane's Ranch and the
class conflict Class conflict, also referred to as class struggle and class warfare, is the political tension and economic antagonism that exists in society because of socio-economic competition among the social classes or between rich and poor. The forms ...
of
Johnson County, Wyoming Johnson County is a County (United States), county in the north central part of the U.S. state of Wyoming. At the 2020 United States Census, the population was 8,447. The county seat is Buffalo, Wyoming, Buffalo. Kaycee, Wyoming, Kaycee is the o ...
in the late nineteenth century. While marketing materials presented John as a traditional
cowboy A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the '' vaquer ...
—isolated and violent, a "white, heteronormative, rugged individual"—his behaviour and ambitions in the narrative are generally unconventional. His ambiguity and internal conflict lead him to exhibit "weariness more than manliness". Regardless, John continues to perpetuate stereotypes in some instances; he continues to preserve lives in his missions for the government despite his bitter opposition to them, described as an enactment of
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
's masculine ideals. Triana found the game's masculinity to be plural, with the male lead generally pitted against other men, though recognized that the dominance of the characters often shifted throughout the narrative. He also recognized that John's challenges reflected those of straight,
cisgender Cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) is a term used to describe a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth. The word ''cisgender'' is the antonym of ''transgender''. The prefix ''wiktionary:cis ...
men in the modern era. Margini blamed John's downfall on "the false promises of a world built on hypermasculine ideals", emphasized by John's unsuccessful attempts to adopt a new form of masculinity and play an empathetic father to Jack. Juho Tuominen described John as an idealist and Jack as "the educated youth, a version of a new kind of
woke ''Woke'' ( ) is an adjective derived from African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) meaning "alert to racial prejudice and Racial discrimination, discrimination". Beginning in the 2010s, it came to encompass a broader awareness of social ineq ...
man". The representation of female characters is mixed; Bonnie MacFarlane is presented as "insightful and resourceful" instead of simply "a woman masquerading as a male figure", though still defers to simple domestic tasks in the presence of her father, and on one occasion becomes the
damsel in distress The damsel in distress is a recurring narrative device in which one or more men must rescue a woman who has either been kidnapped or placed in general peril. Kinship, love, or lust (or a combination of those) gives the male protagonist the motiv ...
. Meanwhile, Abigail is presented as "the good prostitute who serves as a handmaiden" and later becomes "the nagging wife", and other female characters exist simply to reflect back onto John, both positively and negatively. In further opposition with the American Dream, the game's representation of Native Americans is bleak, cruel, and violent. Jodi A. Byrd identified that, in the game's title, "
Red Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...
Dead" signalled the
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Latin ...
of the Native Americans. McCarter of ''Bullet Points'' felt that, while the killing of Native Americans is explained in the context of the story, it is "a shaky rationale meant to echo the rhetoric" surrounding the genocide and
forced relocation Forced displacement (also forced migration) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region. The UNHCR defines 'forced displacement' as follows: displaced "as a result of persecution, conflict, g ...
. Elston recognized the Native American character Nastas as an example of
Gerald Vizenor Gerald is a male Germanic given name meaning "rule of the spear" from the prefix ''ger-'' ("spear") and suffix ''-wald'' ("rule"). Variants include the English given name Jerrold, the feminine nickname Jeri and the Welsh language Gerallt and Iri ...
's " manifest manners", a falsification of the indigenous experience being told as truth. Dr. Esther Wright proposed that Native American characters were included only to justify and complement the white characters' otherness as oppositional to the government and civilization, describing it as "a disingenuous oversimplification and (mis)use of the complexities of Native American genocide". She also identified that, while John is not overtly racist, his participation in an attack on an
Indian reservation An Indian reservation is an area of land held and governed by a federally recognized Native American tribal nation whose government is accountable to the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs and not to the state government in which it ...
implicates him in "a micro-scale recreation of racist, genocidal violence". Margini considered that the representation could either be an example of dark satire, or "a crafty way of excusing their genocide at Marston's hand", aligned with a wider erasure seen in other Western media. Triana wrote that Native Americans "end up victims to the game's evil social forces" due to John's priority of reuniting with his family.


Development

After the May 2004 release of ''
Red Dead Revolver ''Red Dead Revolver'' is a 2004 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It is the first entry in the ''Red Dead'' series, and was released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in May 2004. Set in the 1880 ...
'', publisher
Rockstar Games Rockstar Games, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City. The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, using the assets Take-Two had previously acquired from BMG Interactive. Foun ...
wanted to create its own Western video game from scratch; it had acquired ''Revolver'' from Capcom in 2003 after years of development and completed development within nine months. Development of Red Dead Redemption, Early development began in 2005, and full development commenced in 2006, following the formation of a core development team.
Rockstar San Diego Rockstar San Diego, Inc. (formerly Angel Studios, Inc.) is an American video game developer and a studio of Rockstar Games based in Carlsbad, California. The studio is best known for developing the ''Midnight Club'' and ''Red Dead'' series. ...
's 180-person team co-opted Rockstar's Rockstar Leeds, Leeds, Rockstar New England, New England, Rockstar North, North, and Rockstar Toronto, Toronto studios to facilitate development between a full team of over 1,000. Having exhausted the use of Sixth generation of video game consoles, previous hardware on other projects, Rockstar felt inspired after realizing the potential power of the
PlayStation 3 The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. The successor to the PlayStation 2, it is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It was first released on Novemb ...
and
Xbox 360 The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation ...
. Analyst estimations place the game's combined development and marketing budget between and , which would make it one of the most expensive video games to develop. The game's development received controversy following accusations of unethical working practices at Rockstar San Diego, including twelve-hour workdays and six-day weeks, with a lower-than-the-industry-average salary increase. ''Red Dead Redemption''s 1,500-page script was written in two years. Taking inspiration from films like ''The Wild Bunch'' (1969), ''High Plains Drifter'' (1973), ''Unforgiven'' (1992), and ''The Proposition (2005 film), The Proposition'' (2005), the team felt that most Western fiction takes place between 1840 and 1880, and that ''Red Dead Redemption''s setting in 1911 allowed a more intriguing analysis of the transformation from "the old West" into the modern world. Regarding the game's depiction of violence, the team wanted it to "feel slightly raw and unpleasant", attempting realism without exaggeration. The open world was created to represent iconic features of the American frontier. The team organized field trips to
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, visiting the Library of Congress and the National Archives Building, captured a multitude of photographs, and analyzed various classic Western films, television shows, and novels. The team considered creating the open world one of the most technically demanding aspect of the game's production, in terms of filling the world with enough content to interest players. Like other projects since ''Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis'' (2006), the game uses the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) to perform animation and rendering tasks, and the Euphoria (software), Euphoria and Bullet (software), Bullet engines for further animation and environment rendering tasks. Overhauling the potential processing power of RAGE allowed the game to create a high level of detail, including realistic animations and detailed textures. The potential power of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 experienced through the development kits motivated the team to begin development, and to create a game that could fully render the countryside, which was difficult to achieve on previous hardware. The developers at San Diego sought guidance from other Rockstar studios experienced with developing open worlds, particularly ''Grand Theft Auto'' developer Rockstar North. The game was envisioned to improve the core mechanics of ''Red Dead Revolver'' by scaling it up to the standard of other Rockstar games, maintaining key gameplay elements like the Bullet time, Dead Eye and dueling mechanics but majorly overhauling the experience otherwise. In particular, the team faced a challenge in creating realistic movement for the horse, resulting in the engagement of a stunt horse to simulate movement for the designers. As the story developed, a range of characters were organically created based on the period; ''Red Dead Redemption'' features around 450 characters. The game required a large amount of character dialogue in order to feel alive, comparable to Rockstar's previous game ''Grand Theft Auto IV''. Researchers at Rockstar developed a style guide based on real sayings of the time period. Rockstar hired Rod Edge as the full-time director to handle the game's performances, recorded using
motion capture Motion capture (sometimes referred as mo-cap or mocap, for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people. It is used in military, entertainment, sports, medical applications, and for validation of computer vision and robo ...
technology, with additional dialogue and sound effects recorded in a Recording studio, studio; the performance capture was recorded in Santa Monica, California. After an audition process, Rob Wiethoff was selected to portray John Marston. John was developed to be a nuanced character, as opposed to an explicit villain or hero, and a "family man". Steve J. Palmer, who portrayed Bill Williamson, felt that John and Bill represented siblings in their former gang, while Dutch van der Linde was more of a parental figure. Benjamin Byron Davis, who portrayed Dutch, was told that Dutch was a well-read, charismatic former gang leader who had "lost his mind". ''Red Dead Redemption'' is one of the first games by Rockstar to use Music of Red Dead Redemption, an original score. Music supervisor Ivan Pavlovich cited the large scale of the game as one of the largest difficulties when producing the score; to achieve an effective gaming experience, the game could not solely feature licensed music, like previous Rockstar games. In 2008, Rockstar engaged musicians Bill Elm and
Woody Jackson Woodrow Wilson Jackson III (born June 10, 1970) is an American composer and session musician. He is best known for his work with Rockstar Games, composing scores for its video games ''Red Dead Redemption'', ''L.A. Noire'', ''Grand Theft Auto V' ...
, who collaborated to compose approximately 200 tracks for the game over 15 months. The original score and subsequent album were both recorded and mixed at Jackson's studio, Electro-Vox Recording Studios in Los Angeles, and mastered at Capitol Studios. When researching music for inspiration, Jackson found that there was no "Western sound" in 1911; he felt that the soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the ''Dollars Trilogy'', was more representative of Western music. Rockstar also consulted musicians who played traditional Western instruments, such as harmonica player Tommy Morgan. The game also features vocal performances by Ashtar Command (band), Ashtar Command, José González (singer), José González, Jamie Lidell, and William Elliott Whitmore.


Release and promotion

An early trailer for an untitled Western project by Rockstar Games for PlayStation 3 was shown at Sony's E3 conference in May 2005; it was a technology demonstrate of RAGE, and theorized to be a sequel to ''Red Dead Revolver''. Rockstar officially announced ''Red Dead Redemption'' on February 3, 2009. The debut trailer was released on May 6, 2009, introducing the game's protagonist. The game received an extensive and expensive marketing campaign, during which Rockstar partnered with several companies and media outlets, including ''IGN'', ''GameSpot'', LoveFilm, Microsoft, and YouTube. To encourage pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide pre-order bonuses, including exclusive in-game horses, outfits, and weapons. Rockstar also released a special edition of the game in special packaging, with a copy of the soundtrack. The game was exhibited at PAX East in late March 2010, with a 15–30 minute playable demonstration. Rockstar released a Facebook application, ''Red Dead Redemption: Gunslingers'', in April 2010. The following month, ''Red Dead Redemption: The Man from Blackwater'', a machinima short film directed by John Hillcoat, aired in the United States on the television network Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox. The game missed its original projected late 2009 and April 2010 release dates, pushed back to May 18, 2010 in North America, and May 21 internationally, citing the "optimal time frame" for release. Downloadable content (DLC) for the game was released following its launch, with focus on maps and game types suggested by the community. ''Outlaws to the End'', released on June 22, 2010, added six cooperative side missions for multiplayer. ''Legends and Killers'' was released on August 10, 2010, and added multiplayer characters from ''Red Dead Revolver'', as well as new map locations and a Tomahawk (axe), Tomahawk weapon. On September 21, 2010, ''Liars and Cheats'' added competitive multiplayer modes, minigames, characters, and a weapon. ''Hunting and Trading'', released on October 12, 2010, added a jackalope to the game's world, and some additional outfits. ''
Undead Nightmare ''Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare'' is a standalone expansion pack to the 2010 video game ''Red Dead Redemption''. It adds a non-canonical zombie horror-themed single-player campaign, two multiplayer modes, and cosmetic additions to the e ...
'' adds a single-player campaign, set in a non-Canon (fiction), canonical, zombie apocalypse-themed Parallel universes in fiction, alternate reality with ghost towns and cemeteries full of zombies, wherein John searches for a cure to the zombie outbreak. It was released on October 26, 2010 as DLC and in late November as a standalone expansion pack. ''Myths and Maverick'' released for free on September 13, 2011, adding additional characters and locations to the multiplayer. A ''Game of the Year Edition'' containing all downloadable content was released for both PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on October 11, 2011, in North America and on October 14, 2011, internationally. Microsoft added the game, along with ''Undead Nightmare'', to its List of Xbox 360 games compatible with Xbox One, backwards compatibility list for Xbox One, the successor to the Xbox 360, in July 2016. ''Red Dead Redemption'' had been one of the most requested titles for the feature. The game's sales position on Amazon.com spiked following the announcement. The release runs at a smoother frame rate on the Xbox One. In April 2018, the game received an update as an "Xbox One X enhanced" title, making the original game code playable at 4K resolution (an increase from the game's original 720p resolution) and with some graphical improvements on the high-end revision of Xbox One, called Xbox One X. The Xbox Series X and Series S can also play the game, with the higher-end Series X running it with its Xbox One X-specific enhancements. Sony added ''Red Dead Redemption'' and ''Undead Nightmare'' to its PlayStation Now cloud gaming subscription service in December 2016, which allowed them to be played on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and Windows; they were removed in October 2022.


Reception


Critical response

''Red Dead Redemption'' received "universal acclaim" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. It is among the highest-rated games on Metacritic, and is ranked as the fifth-highest rated PlayStation 3 and seventh-highest rated Xbox 360 game. Brudvig of ''IGN'' described ''Red Dead Redemption'' as "a must-play" and "one of the deepest, most fun, and most gorgeous games around"; ''GamePro''s Will Herring named it Rockstar's best game to date, a culmination of its previous successes. Simon Parkin of ''Eurogamer'' concluded that ''Red Dead Redemption'' was "a blockbuster video game: a string of cinematic set-pieces and flawed yet endearing characters nestled within an orthodox narrative structure, seasoned with generous pinches of extra-curricular tasks". ''IGN''s Brudvig identified that ''Red Dead Redemption''s narrative themes reflected modern society, including racism, government power, and immigration; Will Tuttle of ''GameSpy'' found that they occasionally felt "preachy", but were typically more nuanced than expected. Mike Channell of ''Official Xbox Magazine'' (''OXM'') considered the death of the Wild West a pressure that loomed over the narrative. Matt Bertz of ''Game Informer'' felt that the narrative momentum suffered from the length of the missions in Mexico, but praised the game's ending for using a "sense of immersiveness only a video game can impart". ''IGN''s Brudvig similarly lauded the game's climax as one of the best in gaming. Herring of ''GamePro'' was surprised by the likability of John Marston, describing him as "one of the more sympathetic antiheroes in recent memory". He also felt that, despite being based on caricatures of Spaghetti Western films, the game's secondary characters were "interesting enough that they never feel contrived"; conversely, ''Paste (magazine), Paste'' reviewer Kirk Hamilton opined that the "clichéd and unlikeable" supporting characters undermined the narrative. ''GameSpot''s Justin Calvert applauded the detail of the "deeply flawed but very likable" Marston, noting that his scars and outfit made him feel more believable. Brudvig of ''IGN'' wrote that Marston's motivations were occasionally confusing and felt alienated from the narrative. ''Game Informer''s Bertz named ''Red Dead Redemption'' the "best-looking Rockstar game to date". ''IGN''s Brudvig lauded the environmental details and noted that the game's dynamic events and weather provided a rich experience for players. ''GamePro''s Herring considered the game's open world superior to its contemporaries, appreciating the change from ''Grand Theft Auto IV''s "brown, muddy 'realism' filter". Tuttle of ''GameSpy'' named the game's environment its most impressive element, praising the ecology and geography. Parkin of ''Eurogamer'' noted that the world was as dense as ''Grand Theft Auto IV''s Liberty City while maintaining the Western theme of isolation. ''Edge (magazine), Edge'' felt that the world felt emptier than Liberty City, but "Rockstar proves far better at guiding your eye to the relevant parts". Reviewers praised the side missions that appear throughout the game world; Scott Sharkey of ''1Up.com'' described them as "perfect little micro-dramas". ''Edge'' wrote that the variety in side content avoided the repetition present in ''Assassin's Creed (video game), Assassin's Creed''. Bertz of ''Game Informer'' wrote that ''Red Dead Redemption'' "tranpose[d] the ''Grand Theft Auto'' gameplay template onto a Wild West setting". ''Good Game (television series), Good Game'' reviewer Stephanie Bendixsen felt that the game used the best elements of ''Grand Theft Auto IV''. ''GameSpot''s Calvert lauded the bounty system for adding consequence to the player's actions. The horseback controls received praise from critics; ''GamePro''s Herring found that they added authenticity. Parkin of ''Eurogamer'' named the relationship between the player and their horse as among the game's greatest successes, but noted some awkward controls, particularly when running. ''Edge'' felt that the Dead Eye mechanic "puts gunplay on a pedestal"; Brudvig of ''IGN'' wrote that it "makes you feel like a classic gunslinger". ''Eurogamer''s Parkin compared the combat favorably to Rockstar's previous titles, particularly praising the horseback shootouts, but criticized the "sticky and outdated" cover mechanic. Bertz of ''Game Informer'' found the aiming and cover system to be as "airtight" as in ''Grand Theft Auto IV'', and lauded the uniqueness of the weapons and animations. ''OXM''s Channell commended the variety and handling of the weaponry. ''G4 (American TV network), G4''s Jake Gaskill opined that the Dead Eye "can feel a bit too powerful at times". ''GameSpy'' writer Tuttle found that the minimalist score added to the world's authenticity. Herring of ''GamePro'' compared the soundtrack favorably to Ennio Morricone's work on the ''Dollars Trilogy''. ''Eurogamer''s Parkin named it "standout", praising the use of multiple instruments. Calvert of ''GameStop'' described the soundtrack as "superb", though noted that it "occasionally swells up without reason". ''PSM3''s Andy Hartup wrote that the music complemented the action and scenery, never feeling intrusive. ''Paste''s Hamilton thought that the score was integrated into the world seamlessly. The game's vocal tracks also received praise; the scene wherein Marston enters Mexico was described as "beautiful" by ''GamesRadar''s Matt Cundy due to the use of the song "Far Away" by José González. ''Red Dead Redemption''s multiplayer received mixed commentary. Bertz of ''Game Informer'' described it as "a fully featured complement" to the single-player. ''GamePro''s Herring praised the variety of modes and open gameplay, but noted that it put more responsibility on the players for keeping the game interesting. Calvert of ''GameSpot'' felt that there was a lack in customization options for players. Sharkey of ''1Up.com'' criticized the Experience point, leveling mechanics. ''G4''s Jake Gaskill echoed this sentiment, noting that the game often Spawning (video games), respawns players in close proximity to the opposition.


Accolades

''Red Dead Redemption'' received multiple nomination and awards from Video game journalism, gaming publications. At the Spike Video Game Awards in 2010, the game received ten nominations and went on to win four awards: Game of the Year, Best Song in a Game ("Far Away"), Best Original Score, and Best DLC (''Undead Nightmare''). The game earned eight nominations at the 14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards and won five, including Action Game of the Year and Outstanding Character Performance for Wiethoff. At the 11th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards, ''Red Dead Redemption'' won four awards of five nominations, including Game Developers Choice Award for Game of the Year, Game of the Year and Best Game Design. It received ten nominations at the 9th Annual Game Audio Network Guild Awards, of which it won four: Audio of the Year, Music of the Year, Best Interactive Score, and Best Dialogue. The game was not nominated for any of the jury-based awards at the British Academy Games Awards as Rockstar did not submit it for consideration. The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2010, receiving
Game of the Year Game of the Year (GotY) is an award given by various award events and media publications to a video game that they feel represented the pinnacle of gaming that year. Events and ceremonies British Academy Games Awards (BAFTA Games Awards) ...
wins from outlets such as ''1Up.com'', ''Computer and Video Games'', ''Digital Spy'', ''Gamasutra'', ''Game Informer'', ''GameSpot'', ''GameSpy'', ''GamesRadar'', ''Good Game'', ''The Guardian'', ''Kotaku'', and ''VentureBeat''.


Sales

Prior to the release of ''Red Dead Redemption'', Michael Pachter of Wedbush Securities estimated that it would need to sell at least 1.75million units (generating ) to break-even, and 3.5million units () to earn a Profit (economics), profit. According to ''Joystiq'', a source at Rockstar claimed that the game required four million sales to recoup development costs, but that the publisher expected to lose money and was more interested in proving the talent of Rockstar San Diego. ''Red Dead Redemption'' was the best-selling game of May 2010, selling over 1.5million copies, according to the NPD Group. It sold over five million copies in its first three weeks. In June 2010, distributor Take-Two Interactive CEO Ben Feder stated that the game was nearing profitability for the company. By September 2010, the game had shipped 6.9million copies, exceeding Take-Two's performance expectations for the quarter. It was the fifth best-selling game of 2010; the Xbox 360 version was the ninth best-selling individual platform game. The game sold 8 million copies by February 2011, contributing to a 7.7 percent profit increase for Take-Two for the quarter. It shipped 8.5million copies in its first year, and over 11million copies by August 2011, 2million of which were retail units of ''Undead Nightmare''. By February 2017, ''Red Dead Redemption'' had shipped over 15million units. As of September 2021, the game and its prequel had shipped almost 62million copies combined, with ''Red Dead Redemption'' around 23million units shipped, making it one of the best-selling video games. The game topped the charts in the United Kingdom following its release, maintaining the top position until the release of ''Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4'' in June 2010. According to GfK Chart-Track, 65 percent of UK sales in the first week were on Xbox 360. The game was the fourth best-selling game in the United Kingdom in 2010, as well as the fourth best-selling PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 title. The game sold over 95,000 units in its first week in Japan; the PlayStation 3 version was the fourth best-selling game of the week with over 70,000 sales, while the Xbox 360 version was seventh with over 25,000 sales.


Legacy

Critics concurred that ''Red Dead Redemption'' was among the best games of the seventh generation of video game consoles. ''Eurogamer''s Dan Whitehead hoped the Eighth generation of video game consoles, eighth generation of consoles would offer "similarly powerful experiences". In September 2013, ''IGN'' ranked ''Red Dead Redemption'' the fifth-best PlayStation 3 and seventh-best Xbox 360 game. In February 2015, ''GamesRadar'' ranked it sixth on its list of best games, recognizing its superiority in narrative over Rockstar's 2013 title ''Grand Theft Auto V''. In July 2015, the game ranked tenth on ''USgamer''s "The 15 Best Games Since 2000" list; Jaz Rignall described it as "one of the finest open world games so far seen", praising its gameplay, visuals, soundtrack, narrative, and characterization. ''GamesRadar+'' named it the fourth-best game of the decade in December 2019, comparing it favorably to other sandbox games ''Grand Theft Auto V'' and ''The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt'' (2015). The game ranked high on several best game lists determined by the public; it featured seventh on ''Good Game''s "Top 100 Games" list, and fifth on ''IGN''s "Games of a Generation" list, as voted by the program and website's respective audiences. A prequel, ''
Red Dead Redemption 2 ''Red Dead Redemption 2'' is a 2018 action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. The game is the third entry in the ''Red Dead'' series and a prequel to the 2010 game ''Red Dead Redemption''. The story is set in 1899 and f ...
'', was released in October 2018 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The game's main story is set in 1899, 12 years before ''Red Dead Redemption'', and depicts John's life as part of Dutch's gang alongside Bill, Javier, Uncle, Abigail, and Jack. Players control fellow gang member Arthur Morgan (Red Dead), Arthur Morgan.


Notes


References


Bibliography

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External links

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