Raúl Fernando Sendic Rodríguez
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Raúl Fernando Sendic Rodríguez (born 29 August 1962) is a
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
an politician. He was the
Vice President of Uruguay The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. Th ...
from 1 March 2015 to 13 September 2017.


Family background and early life

Sendic was born in
Paysandú Paysandú () is the capital of Paysandú Department in western Uruguay. Location The city is located on the banks of the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina. It lies northwest of Montevideo via Route 1 and Route 3, on the ju ...
, Uruguay in 1962; his family background was strongly politically ideological. Sendic's mother was Nilda Rodríguez and his father was
Raúl Sendic Raúl Sendic Antonaccio (16 March 1926 – 28 April 1989) was a Uruguayan Marxist lawyer, trade unionist and founder of the Tupamaros National Liberation Movement (MLN-T). Early life and education Born in a rural area, near the village of Juan ...
, the leader of the
Tupamaros The Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement ( es, Movimiento de Liberación Nacional – Tupamaros, MLN-T), widely known as Tupamaros, was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. The MLN-T is inextricab ...
- National Liberation Movement, an armed Marxist group in
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
. Sendic grew up in
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
, visiting his father in prison, then moved to Cuba from 1980 to 1984, and traveled to Switzerland, France, and Brazil before — in a pattern followed by many exiles from the civilian-military administration of 1973 to 1985 — returning to Uruguay and continuing to be closely identified with exiles whose ideas were forged during their political conflicts with the military and subsequent exile.


Education

Sendic has declared that he studied medicine at the University of Havana, in Cuba, for five years (1980 to 1984 inclusive) without finishing the degree. He has also claimed to have completed a short course on human genetics for future teachers. In February 2016, Sendic's educational credentials became the subject of controversy, as his official biographies list him as having a degree in human genetics but no document that supports this claim has appeared.


Political career

On his return to Uruguay, Sendic became politically active in the
March 26 Movement The March 26 Movement (''Movimiento 26 de Marzo'' – M26) is a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist communist party in Uruguay, which emerged out the Tupamaros, Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement. Since its foundation in 1971 until ...
. Following his loss in the election of 2004, Sendic helped form the electoral list "Compromiso Frenteamplista, lista 711". Sendic served as a representative in the National Congress for a five year term from 2000 to 2005. Sendic failed to gain a second term in the elections of 2004. Raúl Sendic served on the board of directors, as vice-president, and as president of
ANCAP ANCAP may refer to: * ANCAP (commodity standard), based on ammonium nitrate, copper, aluminum and plywood * Australasian New Car Assessment Program * ANCAP (Uruguay) ANCAP (Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcoholes y Portland, Engl ...
, the Uruguayan national petroleum monopoly. He was named to the board in 2005 and was vice president of ANCAP in 2007. He was president of ANCAP from 2008 to 2013, except during his stint in the government in 2009–2010.


Minister of Industry, Energy and Mining

From 2009 to 2010, Sendic served as Minister of Industry, Energy, and Mining in the last part of the Frente Amplio Government of
President of Uruguay The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugua ...
Tabaré Vázquez Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (; ''Vázquez Rosas'' locally ; 17 January 19406 December 2020) was a Uruguayan politician who served as the 41st president of Uruguay from 2015 to 2020. He previously served from 2005 to 2010 as the 39th presiden ...
.


Vice President of Uruguay

For a number of years prior to the Uruguayan presidential elections of 2014, Sendic had been mentioned by former
President of Uruguay The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugua ...
Tabaré Vázquez Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (; ''Vázquez Rosas'' locally ; 17 January 19406 December 2020) was a Uruguayan politician who served as the 41st president of Uruguay from 2015 to 2020. He previously served from 2005 to 2010 as the 39th presiden ...
as a possible running mate in his attempt at winning a second term of office. To this ticket Sedic was seen as bringing an energetic ideological commitment and a youthful zest, among an aging Broad Front leadership; subsequent events were to suggest that such hopes were premature. The Vázquez-Sendic ticket was successful in the elections of late 2014. On 1 March 2015, Sendic took office as
Vice President of Uruguay The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. Th ...
. While a relatively youthful Vice President, he was noted for his high profile attempts to keep alive ideological and family grievances from violent events 40 years previously.


Ideology

Sendic's ideological background is Marxist-Leninist.


Controversies


ANCAP stewardship

In the first months of the second presidency of
Tabaré Vázquez Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (; ''Vázquez Rosas'' locally ; 17 January 19406 December 2020) was a Uruguayan politician who served as the 41st president of Uruguay from 2015 to 2020. He previously served from 2005 to 2010 as the 39th presiden ...
in 2015, the financial situation of the state owned oil monopoly ANCAP, for which Sendic had exercised responsibility, was discovered to be dire. On 4 August 2015, the Senate of Uruguay voted to form an investigatory committee to elucidate the causes and find if there was any illegal activity in the management of the company between 2000 and 2015. At the end of 2015, the government presented legislation to refinance the state owned oil monopoly ANCAP and forgive a debt of around $622 million, the largest capitalization in the history of the country. The role of Sendic in the management of ANCAP during his tenure was widely criticized both by journalists and by opposition politicians. Sendic never admitted to having any responsibility for the situation blaming instead the monetary policy of the government of which he himself had formed a part in 2009 and 2010, and blaming the Minister of Economy, saying it prevented him from further raising prices to account for new expenses.


Claimed Cuban educational degree

Sendic's official web pages claim he received a degree in 'Human Genetics' from the University of Havana,
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
, adding he received a gold medal. Sendic also identified himself as ' Lic. Raúl Sendic' in official government documents, in interviews, and in the official annual reports of the state owned petroleum monopoly, ANCAP. In an interview with the Uruguayan newspaper ''El Observador'', on 24 February 2016, Sendic admitted that he never received a degree in 'Human Genetics'. In the following days, Sendic reiterated his claim to have received a degree and stated that he had asked for documents to support his claim from Cuba. However, Sendic did not produce any documents proving his educational claims. An independent effort to find documents related to Sendic's education failed to find any record of his studies. An Uruguayan woman, Florencia Carballo, who visited
Havana Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.
,
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
, was widely reported to have made enquiries regarding university records of Sendic's claimed studies. These enquiries were unsuccessful, but Carballo was subsequently criticized by followers of the Vice President for supposedly being a supporter of the opposition; Carballo in turn claimed that her enquiry had simply been in order to try to establish the facts surrounding the much publicized claims regarding the Vice President's purported studies.


Zambia delegation

In 2016 Sendic's leadership at public expense of a 12-person parliamentary delegation to Zambia was called into question; Uruguay being a small country and Zambia being a poor country, Sendic's judgment of leading such a large, taxpayer-funded delegation was criticized.


Use of government-funded credit card for personal purchases

In the summer of 2017, misgivings about Sendic's record of long term use of a government funded credit card for personal use was expressed. A background factor to this controversy was the contrasting reputation of former
President of Uruguay The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugua ...
José Mujica José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (; born 20 May 1935) is a Uruguayan politician, former revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and impr ...
for personal economy and austerity. In September 2017 a summons to Sendic to a Broad Front hearing, which he attended, failed to resolve these issues, the momentum of which also related to a broader sense of perceived embarrassment among the Broad Front surrounding Sendic's tenure of office.


Resignation

After months of uncertainty and a political scandal, and pressured increasingly by his own Broad Front party colleagues to give account for various perceived failures, Sendic resigned in September 2017, claiming personal reasons. By 2017, it was reported that there was a growing gap between the Marxist revolutionary rhetoric of some of the historic leaders of the Broad Front and the pragmatic, market oriented policies espoused by Broad Front governments. Sendic's resignation led to speculation about possibly changing prospects for a likely Broad Front candidate for President in 2019. Sendic was the first
Vice President of Uruguay The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. Th ...
to resign since 1973, when
Jorge Sapelli Jorge Sapelli (1926 in Montevideo – January 13, 1996) was an Uruguayan political figure. He was the Vice President of Uruguay from 1972 until his resignation in 1973. Vice President of Uruguay 1972–1973 Sapelli served in President Juan María ...
stepped down from the government of
President of Uruguay The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugua ...
Juan Maria Bordaberry ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, t ...
, in protest at the latter's ''coup-d'état''. In March 2018, followings moves to put Sendic under judicial investigation, former
President of Uruguay The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugua ...
José Mujica José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (; born 20 May 1935) is a Uruguayan politician, former revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and impr ...
made public statements regarding the past conduct of Sendic while heading
ANCAP (Uruguay) ANCAP (Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcoholes y Portland, English: "National Administration of Fuels, Alcohols and Portland") is a state-owned company in Uruguay. It is involved in the production of petroleum products, Portland ceme ...
and regarding Sendic's political prospects. These statements were significant for both their unusual strength — Sendic was judged to be 'a political corpse' — and their provenance from a former head of state.


See also

* List of political families#Uruguay * Raúl Sendic#Death and legacy * Jorge Sapelli#June 1973 resignation *
ANCAP (Uruguay) ANCAP (Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcoholes y Portland, English: "National Administration of Fuels, Alcohols and Portland") is a state-owned company in Uruguay. It is involved in the production of petroleum products, Portland ceme ...
* Broad Front (Uruguay)#Ideology *
March 26 Movement The March 26 Movement (''Movimiento 26 de Marzo'' – M26) is a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist communist party in Uruguay, which emerged out the Tupamaros, Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement. Since its foundation in 1971 until ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sendic Rodriguez, Raul Fernando 1962 births Living people Uruguayan people of Croatian descent Uruguayan people of Spanish descent University of Havana alumni Ministers of Industries, Energy and Mining of Uruguay Broad Front (Uruguay) politicians People from Paysandú Vice presidents of Uruguay Presidents of the Senate of Uruguay Uruguayan vice-presidential candidates Uruguayan people of Italian descent