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Tupamaros
The Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement ( es, Movimiento de Liberación Nacional – Tupamaros, MLN-T), widely known as Tupamaros, was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. The MLN-T is inextricably linked to its most important leader, Raúl Sendic, and his brand of social politics. José Mujica, who later became President of Uruguay, was also a member. 300 Tupamaros died either in action or in prisons (mostly in 1972), according to officials of the group. About 3,000 Tupamaros were also imprisoned. Origins of the Tupamaros For most of the 1900s, Uruguay was one of the most flourishing nations in Latin America. President José Batlle y Ordóñez raised Uruguay's living standard to nearly match that of European industrialized nations by creating a complex social welfare system, after the civil war that preceded his presidency. During both world wars, Uruguay was considered the "Switzerland of the Americas" as it made the majority of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Mujica
José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (; born 20 May 1935) is a Uruguayan politician, former revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and imprisoned for 14 years during the military dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s. A member of the Broad Front coalition of left-wing parties, Mujica was Minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries from 2005 to 2008 and a Senator afterwards. As the candidate of the Broad Front, he won the 2009 presidential election and took office as president on 1 March 2010. He was the Second Gentleman of Uruguay from 13 September 2017 to 1 March 2020, when his wife Lucia Topolansky was vice president under his immediate predecessor and successor, Tabaré Vázquez. He has been described as "the world's humblest head of state" due to his austere lifestyle and his donation of around 90 percent of his $12,000 monthly salary to charities that benefit poo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raúl Sendic
Raúl Sendic Antonaccio (16 March 1926 – 28 April 1989) was a Uruguayan Marxist lawyer, trade unionist and founder of the Tupamaros National Liberation Movement (MLN-T). Early life and education Born in a rural area, near the village of Juan Jose Castro, in the Flores Department, Sendic worked with his father as a peasant on a crab apple farm until he finished high school and left his home to study in Montevideo. In 1952, he obtained the title of Procurator before completing his law degree as Lawyer (he did five and a half of the six years required for the law degree). Union leadership During his time in Montevideo, he joined the socialist youth movement of the Socialist Party of Uruguay, becoming a prominent member. His social activity intensified during the 1950s, as he became trade union attorney of rural workers and, later, union founder. UTAA (sugar cane workers), SUDA (sugar beet workers) and the project for an all-inclusive association of rural workers, SUDOR, were bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Mitrione
Daniel Anthony Mitrione (August 4, 1920 – August 10, 1970) was a U.S. government official in Latin America who trained local police in the use of torture. He was kidnapped and murdered by the Tupamaros guerrilla group fighting against the authoritarian government in Montevideo, Uruguay. Early life and career Dan Mitrione was born in Italy, the second son of Joseph and Maria Mitrione. The family emigrated to America soon after Dan's birth, settling in Richmond, Indiana, where Mitrione grew up. Mitrione married Henrietta Lind while serving on a Michigan naval base during World War II, and the couple eventually had nine children. After the war ended, Mitrione became a police officer in Richmond. He started as a patrolman in 1945, rising through the ranks until he was hired as the Richmond chief of police in 1956, a position which he held until 1960. Career in the Office of Public Safety In 1960, Mitrione joined the Public Safety program of the International Cooperation Adminis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoffrey Jackson
Sir Geoffrey Holt Seymour Jackson (4 March 1915 – 1 October 1987) was a British diplomat and writer. Background and earlier career Jackson received his education at Bolton School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He entered the Foreign Service in 1937 and served in Beirut, Cairo, Baghdad, Basra, Bogotá and Berne before being appointed Minister to Honduras in 1956. The next year he was promoted to ambassador when the post was upgraded. He was Consul-General at Seattle for the north-western US states 1960–64 and Minister (Commercial) in Toronto 1965–69. HM Ambassador to Uruguay In 1969 he became ambassador in Uruguay. He was kidnapped by Tupamaros guerrillas in 1970, enduring a captivity of nine months. Released in September 1971, he retired at the end of 1972 with the honorary rank of Deputy Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign Office, having served for 35 years in the diplomatic service, of which 31 had been spent abroad. Kidnapping Jackson was kidnapped by Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foco
A guerilla foco is a small cadre of revolutionaries operating in a nation's countryside. This guerilla organization was popularized by Che Guevara in his book Guerilla Warfare, which was based on his experiences in the Cuban Revolution. Guevara would go on to argue that a foco was politically necessary for the success of a socialist revolution. Originally Guevara theorized that a foco was only useful in overthrowing personalistic military dictatorships and not liberal democratic capitalism where a peaceful overthrow was believed possible. Years later Guevara would revise his thesis and argue all nations in Latin America, including liberal democracies could be overthrown by a guerilla foco. Eventually the foco thesis would be that political conditions would not even need to be ripe for revolutions to be successful, since the sheer existence of a guerilla foco would create ripe conditions by itself. Guevara's theory of foco known as () was self-described as the application of Marxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montevideo
Montevideo () is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of . Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata. The city was established in 1724 by a Spanish soldier, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, as a strategic move amidst the Spanish people, Spanish-Portuguese people, Portuguese dispute over the La Plata Basin, platine region. It was also under brief British invasions of the Río de la Plata, British rule in 1807, but eventually the city was retaken by Spanish criollos who defeated the British invasions of the River Plate. Montevideo is the seat of the administrative headquarters of Mercosur and ALADI, Latin America's leading trade blocs, a position that entailed comparisons to the role of Brussels in Europe. The 2019 Mercer's report on qual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauricio Rosencof
Mauricio Rosencof (born June 30, 1933) is a Uruguayan playwright, poet and journalist from Florida, Uruguay. Since 2005 he has been Director of Culture of the Municipality of Montevideo. He was a founder of the Communist Youth Union and leader of the National Liberation Movement (Tupamaros) (MLN-T) and in 1972 was arrested and tortured. After the coup of 1973 he was held "hostage" with eight more prisoners. After twelve years in prison, he was released in 1985. He has written several books. One of them, ''El regreso del Gran Tuleque'', inspired the film ''El chevrolé''. His 12-year tenure in prison with Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro and José Mujica was the basis for the film '' A Twelve-Year Night''. He lives in Montevideo. Works *''Medio mundo'' (2009) *''Una gondola anclo en la esquina'' (2007) *''El barrio era una fiesta'' (2005) *''Leyendas del abuelo de la tarde'' (2004) *''Las cartas que no llegaron'' (2000) *''La margarita. Historia de amor en 25 sonetos'' (1994)Obra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uruguay
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately and has a population of an estimated 3.4 million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of hunter–gatherers 13,000 years ago. The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charrúa people, when the Portuguese first established Colónia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taking Of Pando
The Taking of Pando ( es, Toma de Pando) was a violent occupation of the city of Pando, Uruguay on 8 October 1969 by the guerrilla known as Tupamaros The Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement ( es, Movimiento de Liberación Nacional – Tupamaros, MLN-T), widely known as Tupamaros, was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. The MLN-T is inextricab .... References Pando 1969 in Uruguay Tupamaros Pando {{Uruguay-battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro
Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro (March 14, 1942 – August 5, 2016) was an Uruguayan politician, journalist, and writer. He was popularly known as "El Ñato". A former member of the National Liberation Movement (Tupamaros) (MLN-T), he was in prison during the military dictatorship for twelve years (1973-1985). He was the Minister of Defense from 2011 until his death. On August 5, 2016, he died in office at the age of 74. His 12-year tenure in prison during Uruguay's military dictatorship with Mauricio Rosencof and José Mujica was the basis for the film ''A Twelve-Year Night ''A Twelve-Year Night'' ( es, La noche de 12 años) is a 2018 drama film directed by Álvaro Brechner. It premiered in Official Selection at the 75th Venice International Film Festival, and it was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Best For ...''. References External links * 1942 births 2016 deaths People from Montevideo Uruguayan people of Spanish descent Broad Front (Uruguay) politicians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Héctor Amodio Pérez
Héctor Amodio Pérez is a former Uruguayan guerrilla fighter. He joined the MLN-T in the 1960s. Shortly before the guerrillas were defeated by the military, he defected together with his wife, and left the country. For decades he has been considered a traitor by his former fellow fighters. In mid 2013 he re-appeared in Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ..., with a big media impact. Some of his former fellows consider him a "dead man". But the local media managed Amodio's unexpected presence as an occasion to open up the "most execrable and obscure part of the Tupamaros' history". References Living people Uruguayan guerrillas Year of birth missing (living people) Uruguayan autobiographers {{paramilitary-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Túpac Amaru II
José Gabriel Condorcanqui ( – May 18, 1781)known as Túpac Amaru II was an indigenous Cacique who led a large Andean rebellion against the Spanish in Peru. He later became a mythical figure in the Peruvian struggle for independence and indigenous rights movement, as well as an inspiration to myriad causes in Spanish America and beyond. Early life Túpac Amaru II was born José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera about the year 1742 in Surimana, Tungasuca, in the province of Cusco, to Miguel Condorcanqui Usquionsa Túpac Amaru, ''kuraka'' of three towns in the Tinta district, and María Rosa Noguera. On May 1, Túpac Amaru II was baptized by Santiago José Lopez in a church in Tungasuca. Prior to his father's death, Amaru II spent his childhood in the Vilcamayu Valley; he accompanied his father to community functions, such as the temple, the market, and processions. Tupac's parents died when he was twelve years old, and he was raised by an aunt and uncle. At age sixteen, he rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
