Raina I (also spelled Rayna and called Rainagar) is a

community development block In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technic ...

that forms an administrative division in

Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.Great revolutionary Rash behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha.This village is under this sub division. O ...

Purba Bardhaman district Purba Bardhaman district is in West Bengal. Its headquarters is in Bardhaman. It was formed on 7 April 2017 after the division of the previous Bardhaman district. Great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha in the district ...

in the

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...

Geography

Location

Raina is located at . Raina I CD Block is part of the Khandaghosh Plain, which lies in the south-western part of the district, The Damodar flows through the area. The bed of the Damodar is higher than the surrounding areas and the right bank is protected against floods with embankments in portions of the south of the Damodar River. The region has

alluvial Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluv ...

soil of recent origin. Unlike the rest of Bardhaman district, which lies to the north of the

Damodar River Damodar River (Pron: /ˈdʌmoˌdaː/) is a river flowing across the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. Rich in mineral resources, the valley is home to large-scale mining and industrial activity. Earlier known as the Sorrow of Bengal bec ...

, the

Khandaghosh Khandaghosh is a village in Khandaghosh CD block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Urbanisation 95.54% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision live in ...

-Jamalpur- Raina area lies on the alluvial plains between the Damodar on its southern/ eastern side and the

Dwarakeswar River Dwarakeswar River (also known as Dhalkisor) is a major river in the western part of the Indian state of West Bengal. Course The river originates near Madhabpur in Purulia district and enters Bankura district near Chhatna. It cuts across the distr ...

. As a result, it has been a flood prone area. Raina I CD Block is bounded by

Burdwan II Burdwan II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Baghar, a constituent panchayat of Burd ...

CD Block on the north, Jamalpur CD Block on the east,

Raina II Raina II (also spelled Rayna and called Rainagar) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of the Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Movement ...

CD Block in the south, and

CD Block on the west. Raina I CD Block has an area of 266.07 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 8

gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s, 139 gram sansads (village councils), 113

mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...

s and 110 inhabited villages. Raina police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at

Shyamsundar Shyamsundar is a village in Raina I CD block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. History Earlier, the village was called ‘Ahar Belma’ and the village was renamed after the d ...

. It is from this area that the Mundeswari River originates. The small Ratnela khal also originates in the region and later flows into the Ghia river in

Hooghly district Hooghly district () is one of the districts of the Indian state of West Bengal. It can alternatively be spelt ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli''. The district is named after the Hooghly River. The headquarters of the district are at Hooghly-Chinsura (''C ...

Gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s of Raina I block/

panchayat samiti Panchayat samiti is a rural local government (panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has been said to be the "panchayat ...

are: Hijalna, Mugura, Narugram, Natu, Palasan, Raina, Sehara and Shyamsundar.

Demographics

Population

As per the

2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...

Raina I CD Block had a total population of 180,952, of which 173,094 were rural and 7,858 were urban. There were 92,392 (51%) males and 88,560 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 18,734.

Scheduled Castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 62,151 (34.35%) and

Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 10,503 (5.80%). As per 2001 census, Raina I block had a total population of 162,921, out of which 83,633 were males and 79,288 were females. Raina I block registered a population growth of 13.71 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.

Scheduled castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

at 54,462 formed around one-third the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 9,808.

Census Town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...

in Raina I CD Block is (2011 census figure in brackets):

Seharabazar Seharabazar is a census town in Raina I CD Block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Urbanisation 95.54% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision live in ...

(7,858). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Raina I CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Rayna (5,157), Jotsadi (4,998), Bantir (5,176), Haripur (4,992), Shyamsundar (4,903) and Dharan (4,403). Other villages in Raina I CD Block include (2011census figures in brackets): Mugura (1,867), Palasan (3,917), Hijalgram (1,685), Narugram (3,226) and Natu (1,626).

Literacy

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Raina I CD Block was 130,093 (80.20% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 71,005 (85.77% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 59,088 (74.38% of the female population over 6 years). The

gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...

(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 11.39%. As per 2001 census, Raina I block had a total literacy of 74.69 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 83.01 per cent female literacy was 65.88 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent. See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Languages and religion

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue,

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001,

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

below poverty line Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...

in 2005,

rural poverty Rural poverty refers to poverty in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the poverty found there.Janvry, A. de, E. Sadoulet, and R. Murgai. 2002“Rural Development and Rural Pol ...

in Raina I CD Block was 27.24%.

Economy

Livelihood

In Raina I CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 18.11%, agricultural labourers 51.83%, household industry workers 1.84% and other workers 28.21%. Raina I CD Block is part of the area where agriculture dominates the scenario but the secondary and tertiary sectors have shown an increasing trend.

Infrastructure

There are 110 inhabited villages in Raina I CD block. All 110 villages (100%) have power supply. All 110 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 26 villages (23.64%) have post offices. All 110 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 51 villages (46.36%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 71 villages (64.55%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 27 villages (24.55%) have agricultural credit societies. 6 villages (5.45%) have banks. In 2013-14, there were 115 fertiliser depots, 9 seed stores and 60 fair price shops in the CD Block.

Agriculture

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of

bargadar Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...

s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following

land reforms Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural ...

land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture Raina I could be classified as follows:

s 6.47%, patta (document) holders 11.45%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 8.29%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 25.00% and agricultural labourers 48.79%. In 2003-04 net cropped area in Raina I Block was 20,726 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 16,500 hectares. In 2013-14, Raina I CD Block produced 141,339 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 42,057 hectares, 14,648 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,600 hectares, 541 tonnes of wheat from 202 hectares and 22,841 tonnes of potatoes from 1,966 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In Bardhaman district as a whole Aman paddy constituted 64.32% of the total area under paddy cultivation, while the area under Boro and Aus paddy constituted 32.87% and 2.81% respectively. The expansion of Boro paddy cultivation, with higher yield rates, was the result of expansion of irrigation system and intensive cropping. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Raina I CD Block was 15,687.01 hectares, out of which 13,148.67 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 232.19 hectares by river lift irrigation and 2,306.15 hectares by deep tube wells.

Banking

In 2013-14, Raina I CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 1 gramin bank.

Transport

Raina I CD Block has 8 ferry services and 8 originating/ terminating bus routes.

DEMU A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...

services are available between Bankura and Masagram on the Bankura-Masagram line. There are stations at Berugram, Mathnasipur, Rainagar, Shyamsundarpur, Gopinathpur and

. SH 7 running from Rajgram (in Birbhum district) to Midnapore (in Paschim Medinipur district) passes through the western edge of this CD Block.

Education

The Raina area had not lagged behind in education. In 1838, a survey by Adams revealed that there were 190 Sanskrit tols in Bardhaman district. Out of this 13 were in Raina. The same report also mentioned Persian schools in the area. In 1947, at the time of independence there were only three colleges in Bardhaman district – at Bardhaman, Kalna and Asansol. Shyamsundar College in Raina I CD Block was established in 1948. In 2013-14, Raina I CD Block had 128 primary schools with 9,391 students, 6 middle schools with 414 students, 15 high schools with 9,037 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 12,194 students. Raina I CD Block had 1 general college with 3,544 students, and 281 institutions for special and non-formal education with 8,705 students. As per the 2011 census, in Raina I CD block, amongst the 110 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have schools, 21 villages had two or more primary schools, 25 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 20 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. More than 6,000 schools (in erstwhile Bardhaman district) serve cooked midday meal to more than 900,000 students.

Healthcare

In 2014, Raina I CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 3 primary health centres and 4 private nursing homes with total 51 beds and 6 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 26 family welfare subcentres. 1,888 patients were treated indoor and 178,702 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Maheshbati Rural Hospital at

Maheshbati Maheshbati is a village in Raina I CD block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Urbanisation 95.54% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision live in the ...

(with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Raina I CD block. There are primary health centres at Meral (with 4 beds), Narugram (with 6 beds) and

(with 10 beds). Raina I CD Block is one of the areas of Bardhaman district which is affected by a low level of arsenic contamination of ground water.

References

External links

District map showing blocks
{{Purba Bardhaman topics Community development blocks in Purba Bardhaman district