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Quilapayún () are a
folk music Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has b ...
group from
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
and among the longest lasting and most influential ambassadors of the ''
Nueva Canción Chilena Nueva is the Spanish feminine form of the word for "new" and may refer to: * Isla Nueva, an uninhabited island in Chile * The Nueva School The Nueva School is a private school, with two campuses—the lower and middle school in Hillsborough, ...
'' movement and genre. Formed during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with the revolution that occurred in the popular music of the country under the Popular Unity Government of
Salvador Allende Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (, , ; 26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean physician and socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 3 November 1970 until his death on 11 September 1973. He was the fir ...
. Since its formation and during its forty-year history both in Chile and during its lengthy period of exile in France the group has seen modifications to its personnel lineup and the subject and content of its work. Controversy regarding irreconcilable differences with the current and former group directors led to the division into two distinctive Quilapayún ensembles; one in Chile (Quilapayún-Histórico) and one in France (Quilapayún-France).


History

Quilapayún originated in 1965 when
Julio Numhauser Julio Numhauser is a Chilean musician of the Nueva Canción-movement. He founded the folk music group Quilapayún in 1965 together with the brothers, Julio Carrasco and Eduardo Carrasco, where he stayed until 1967. 1968 he founded the folk music ...
and the brothers Julio and
Eduardo Carrasco Eduardo Guillermo Carrasco Pirard (born July 2, 1940 in Santiago) is a Chilean musician, university professor of philosophy, author, and one of the founders of the Chilean folk music group Quilapayún - and the group's musical director from 1969 t ...
formed a folk music trio, which they simply called "the three bearded men" (viz. ''Quila-Payún'') in the
Mapuche The Mapuche ( (Mapuche & Spanish: )) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who sha ...
language (viz.
Mapudungun Mapuche (, Mapuche & Spanish: , or Mapudungun; from ' 'land' and ' 'speak, speech') is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people (from ''mapu'' 'land' and ''che ...
– the language of the people native to the region that is now the south of
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, the
Araucanians The Mapuche ( (Mapuche & Spanish: )) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who sh ...
). Their first public performances were at the
Universidad de Chile The University of Chile ( es, Universidad de Chile) is a public research university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842, and inaugurated on September 17, 1843.
in
Valparaíso Valparaíso (; ) is a major city, seaport, naval base, and educational centre in the commune of Valparaíso, Chile. "Greater Valparaíso" is the second largest metropolitan area in the country. Valparaíso is located about northwest of Santiago ...
, organized by their first musical director, Ángel Parra (son of
Violeta Parra Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist. She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a renewal and ...
). In 1966 the group won notice for its
Andean music Andean music is a group of styles of music from the Andes region in South America. Original chants and melodies come from the general area inhabited by Quechuas (originally from Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile), Aymaras (originally from Bolivia), a ...
as well as the members' black
poncho A poncho (; qu, punchu; arn, pontro; "blanket", "woolen fabric") is an outer garment designed to keep the body warm. A rain poncho is made from a watertight material designed to keep the body dry from the rain. Ponchos have been used by the ...
s, which became the group's trademark. During this time they won their first prize, La Guitarra de Oro (The Golden Guitar) in the Primer Festival Nacional del Folklore "Chile Múltiple" (First National Festival of Folklore). They also made their first recording, appearing on one song of Ángel Parra, "El Pueblo" ("The People"). At a 1966 performance in Valparaíso, the group met with
Víctor Jara Víctor Lidio Jara Martínez (; 28 September 1932 – 16 September 1973) was a Chilean teacher, theater director, poet, singer-songwriter and Communist political activist. He developed Chilean theater by directing a broad array of works, rang ...
, with whom the group maintained a close and productive artistic association for many years. At the request of the group, Jara became Quilapayún's musical director and worked on the group's discipline and stage performances, and the style and content of the music. Jara presented them to the record label
Odeon Records Odeon Records is a record label founded in 1903 by Max Straus and Heinrich Zuntz of the International Talking Machine Company in Berlin, Germany. The label's name and logo come from the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe in Paris. History Straus an ...
, where they recorded five LPs. Their first album, ''
Quilapayún Quilapayún () are a folk music group from Chile and among the longest lasting and most influential ambassadors of the ''Nueva Canción Chilena'' movement and genre. Formed during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with the revolution th ...
'', was basically an
Andean music Andean music is a group of styles of music from the Andes region in South America. Original chants and melodies come from the general area inhabited by Quechuas (originally from Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile), Aymaras (originally from Bolivia), a ...
album, but included songs of Ángel Parra, Víctor Jara and new compositions of
Eduardo Carrasco Eduardo Guillermo Carrasco Pirard (born July 2, 1940 in Santiago) is a Chilean musician, university professor of philosophy, author, and one of the founders of the Chilean folk music group Quilapayún - and the group's musical director from 1969 t ...
such as "La Paloma" and "El canto del cuculi". In 1967 Quilapayún recorded an album together with Víctor Jara, ''
Canciones folklóricas de América ''Canciones folklóricas de América'' (Folk Songs of America) is the third studio album by Chilean singer-songwriter Víctor Jara, and second by Chilean folk group Quilapayún released in 1967, on the EMI and Odeon labels. Music The album was ...
'' (''Folk Songs of America''). During this time Julio Numhauser left the group over disputes over the group's style of music, and was replaced by Guillermo "Willy" Oddó. During 1967 they also toured the USSR, Italy, France and other parts of Europe, and recorded an LP with the Chilean painter and poet Juan Capra. In 1968, Quilapayún participated in the launch of a new record label of ''La Jota'' ( Chile's Communist Party Youth Organization). To the surprise of many commercial record labels, their LP '' X Vietnam'', which included songs from the Spanish Revolution, became a nationwide success. This album established the group's thematic and aesthetics, and created great interest and a following among progressive youth. From the success of this album the label DICAP (Discoteca del Cantar Popular) appeared, which became the springboard of the ''Nueva Canción Chilena'' (New Chilean Song) movement. DICAP recorded up to 60 musical productions until the military coup of September 11, 1973, which banned and literally destroyed the record label. During 1968 Julio Carrasco left the group for political differences, and was replaced by Hernan Gomez. At that time they performed at various universities, and made, with Victor Jara, their first two-hour show during two days in Santiago, which was a tremendous success. In 1969 they recorded the '' Basta'' LP, which included an eclectic and highly political collection of songs from different parts of the world, establishing the fundamental element of the New Chilean Song: its
Internationalism Internationalism may refer to: * Cosmopolitanism, the view that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality as opposed to communitarianism, patriotism and nationalism * International Style, a major architectur ...
. This album was released with a lengthy statement by the group about the nature of their work and their commitment to the socialist cause. Rodolfo Parada joined the group at this time. In 1969 they also appeared supporting Víctor Jara on his album, ''
Pongo en tus manos abiertas ''Pongo en tus manos abiertas'' ("I Put Into Your Open Hands") is the fourth studio album by Chilean singer-songwriter Víctor Jara, released in June 1969. It was the third album released by the Jota Jota record label (later known as DICAP), establ ...
'' (''Into your open hands'') in songs such as "A
Cochabamba Cochabamba ( ay, Quchapampa; qu, Quchapampa) is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cochabamba Department and the fourth largest city in Bolivia, with a population of 63 ...
Me Voy", "El Martillo" and "Movil Oil Special". They also joined Jara at the ''Primer Festival de la Nueva Cancion Chilena'' (First Festival of the New Chilean Song), where they jointly interpreted "Plegaria a un Labrador" (Prayer to a Laborer), which won the festival award. After three years Víctor Jara and Quilapayún took different paths, and
Eduardo Carrasco Eduardo Guillermo Carrasco Pirard (born July 2, 1940 in Santiago) is a Chilean musician, university professor of philosophy, author, and one of the founders of the Chilean folk music group Quilapayún - and the group's musical director from 1969 t ...
became the group's director. Quilapayún was forced into exile in France after the right-wing military coup of 1973. The group settled in the city of Colombes, France, for more than 15 years. Their major works include '' Santa María de Iquique'' (1970), an album of spoken history, songs, and instrumentals about a notorious massacre in the city of
Iquique Iquique () is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. It has a population of 191,468 ...
, and the song "
El pueblo unido jamás será vencido "¡El pueblo unido jamás será vencido!" (; English: "The people united will never be defeated") is one of the most internationally renowned songs of the ''Nueva canción chilena'' (New Chilean Song) movement. The music of the song was composed b ...
" ("The people, united, will never be defeated"), with lyrics by Quilapayún and music by famed Chilean songwriter and playwright Sergio Ortega.


Split

Quilapayún's path has been marked by internal issues over the years, with some members leaving and others taking their place. In 1987 Willy Oddo, its most charismatic member, decided to leave France to be closer to Chile. He chose to live in Argentina. In October 1988, Pinochet was overthrown by a referendum. After 15 years of exile Quilapayun could return to Chile and performed tours in 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1992. In 1989 Eduardo Carrasco returned to Chile while most of the group continued to live in France and perform around the world. In November 1991 Willy Oddo was murdered by an offender in Santiago. After Rodolfo Parada registered the name "Quilapayún" without the authorization of the other members, other historic members refused to continue with Parada and Wang, resulting in the group splitting into two, both claiming the name and legacy of Quilapayún, and leading to subsequent litigation. The Chile-based historic faction is celebrating the group's 40 year anniversary performing concerts in Chile, Latin America and Europe, together with the "historic" version of
Inti-Illimani Inti-Illimani (; from Quechuan ''Inti'' and Aymara ''Illimani)'' are an instrumental and vocal Latin American folk music ensemble from Chile. The band was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in C ...
, another important Chilean group. These joint concerts have been advertised and promoted as Inti+Quila. The current "historic" lineup includes Eduardo Carrasco, Rubén Escudero, Ricardo Venegas, Guillermo García, Ismael Oddó (son of Guillermo "Willy" Oddó), Hugo Lagos, Hernán Gómez, Carlos Quezada and Sebastián Quezada (son of Carlos). On December 5, 2007, the
Court of Appeal of Paris The Court of Appeal of Paris (french: Cour d'appel de Paris) is the largest appeals court in France in terms of the number of cases brought before it. Its jurisdiction covers the departments of Paris, Essonne, Yonne, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint- ...
forbade Parada and Wang's group "from making use of the name QUILAPAYÚN, subject to a fine of 10 000 euros per infringement". This judgement was confirmed by the Highest Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation de Paris) on June 11, 2009. In 2015 the band's career reached its fiftieth year and both factions celebrated this anniversary. Parada's group performed three big shows at the end August in Santiago, together with other well-known Chilean artists while the "historic" faction made a big concert in front of Palacio de la Moneda in Santiago and announced several other anniversary concerts in Chile, Colombia and Spain on its website. In November 2015, the Chilean trademark conflict ended, since the Instituto Nacional de Patentes Industriales (INAPI), after a thirteen years process gave the exclusive right for using the mark "Quilapayun" to the group headed by Carrasco.http://ion.inapi.cl:8080/Marca/BuscarMarca.aspx Register number: 1185441


Notable members

*
Eduardo Carrasco Eduardo Guillermo Carrasco Pirard (born July 2, 1940 in Santiago) is a Chilean musician, university professor of philosophy, author, and one of the founders of the Chilean folk music group Quilapayún - and the group's musical director from 1969 t ...
: wind instruments (
quena The quena (hispanicized spelling of Quechua ''qina'', sometimes also written ''kena'' in English) is the traditional flute of the Andes. Traditionally made of cane or wood, it has 6 finger holes and one thumb hole, and is open on both ends or th ...
, pincuyo,
zampoña Siku ( qu, antara, ay, siku, also "sicu," "sicus," "zampolla" or Spanish language, Spanish zampoña) is a traditional Andes, Andean panpipe. This instrument is the main instrument used in a musical genre known as sikuri. It is traditionally ...
etc.); voice: bass * Carlos Quezada: percussion instruments, guitar; voice:
tenor A tenor is a type of classical music, classical male singing human voice, voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. The tenor's vocal range extends up to C5. The lo ...
* Guillermo "Willy" Oddó: guitar, percussion instruments; voice: baritenor (died in 1991) * Hernán Gomez: guitar,
charango The charango is a small Andean stringed instrument of the lute family, from the Quechua and Aymara populations in the territory of the Altiplano in post-Colonial times, after European stringed instruments were introduced by the Spanish during c ...
; voice:
bass-baritone A bass-baritone is a high-lying bass or low-lying "classical" baritone voice type which shares certain qualities with the true baritone voice. The term arose in the late 19th century to describe the particular type of voice required to sing thr ...
. * Hugo Lagos: string instruments, quena, zampoña; voice:
baritone A baritone is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the bass and the tenor voice-types. The term originates from the Greek (), meaning "heavy sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the r ...
* Guillermo García: guitar, percussion instruments; voice: baritone * Ricardo Venegas Carhart: bass guitar, quena, baritone *
Victor Jara The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...
(murdered by Pinochet military, Sept. 16, 1973)


Discography


Studio albums

* ''
Quilapayún Quilapayún () are a folk music group from Chile and among the longest lasting and most influential ambassadors of the ''Nueva Canción Chilena'' movement and genre. Formed during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with the revolution th ...
'' (1966) * ''
Canciones folklóricas de América ''Canciones folklóricas de América'' (Folk Songs of America) is the third studio album by Chilean singer-songwriter Víctor Jara, and second by Chilean folk group Quilapayún released in 1967, on the EMI and Odeon labels. Music The album was ...
'' (1967) (Quilapayún &
Víctor Jara Víctor Lidio Jara Martínez (; 28 September 1932 – 16 September 1973) was a Chilean teacher, theater director, poet, singer-songwriter and Communist political activist. He developed Chilean theater by directing a broad array of works, rang ...
) * '' X Vietnam'' (1968) * ''Quilapayún Tres'' (1968) * '' Basta'' (1969) * ''Quilapayún Cuatro'' (1970) * ''
Cantata Santa María de Iquique A cantata (; ; literally "sung", past participle feminine singular of the Italian verb ''cantare'', "to sing") is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir. The meaning of ...
'' (1970) (Quilapayún & Héctor Duvauchelle) * ''Vivir como él'' (1971) * ''Quilapayún Cinco'' (1972) * ''La Fragua'' (1973) (text and music by Sergio Ortega) * ''El pueblo unido jamás será vencido (Yhtenäistä Kansaa Ei Voi)'' (1974) * ''
El Pueblo Unido Jamás Será Vencido "¡El pueblo unido jamás será vencido!" (; English: "The people united will never be defeated") is one of the most internationally renowned songs of the ''Nueva canción chilena'' (New Chilean Song) movement. The music of the song was composed b ...
'' (1975) * ''Adelante'' (1975) * ''
Patria Patria may refer to: Entertainment * Patria (novel), a 2016 novel by Spanish writer Fernando Aramburu * Patria (TV series), a 2020 limited television series, based on the novel * ''Patria'' (serial), a 1917 American serial film Music * "Pátri ...
'' (1976) * ''La marche et le drapeau'' (1977) * '' Hart voor Chili'' (various artists) (1977) * ''Cantata Santa María de Iquique (Nueva versión)'' (1978) (Quilapayún &
Jean-Louis Barrault Jean-Louis Bernard Barrault (; 8 September 1910 – 22 January 1994) was a French actor, director and mime artist who worked on both screen and stage. Biography Barrault was born in Le Vésinet in France in 1910. His father was 'a Burgundia ...
) * ''Umbral'' (1979) * ''Darle al otoño un golpe de ventana...'' (1980) * ''La revolución y las estrellas'' (1982) * ''Tralalí Tralalá'' (1984) * ''Survarío'' (1987) * ''Los tres tiempos de América'' (1988) (Quilapayún +
Paloma San Basilio Paloma Cecilia San Basilio Martínez (born November 22, 1950), known as Paloma San Basilio (), is a Spanish singer, songwriter, producer and actress. She was awarded with a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for contributions to Latin musi ...
) * ''Latitudes'' (1992) * ''Al horizonte'' (1999) * ''Siempre'' (2007) * ''Solistas'' (2009) * ''Encuentros'' (2013)


Live albums

* ''Enregistrement public'' (1977) * ''Alentours'' (1980) * ''Quilapayún en Argentina'' (1983) (Live in Argentina) * ''Quilapayún en Argentina Vol II'' (1985) (Live in Argentina Vol. II) * ''Quilapayún en Chile'' (1989) (Live in Chile) * ''A Palau'' (2003) * ''El Reencuentro'' (2004) * ''Musica en la Memoria - Juntos en Chile'' (2005) (
Inti-Illimani Inti-Illimani (; from Quechuan ''Inti'' and Aymara ''Illimani)'' are an instrumental and vocal Latin American folk music ensemble from Chile. The band was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in C ...
+ Quilapayún)


Compilations

* ''
Quilapayún Chante Neruda ''Quilapayún Chante Neruda'' is a compilation music album released by Quilapayún in exile in France in 1983 in commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the death of the Chilean poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda – who died in September 197 ...
'' (1983) * ''Antología 1968-1992'' (1998) * ''La vida contra la muerte'' ife against death(2005) * ''La fuerza de la historia'' he force of history(2006)


References and other sources


Section: Historia / 1965-1970 / Los Orígenes
of www.quilapayun.org 2006
Section: Discografía de Quilapayún
of www.trovadores.net 2006


External links

* http://www.quilapayun.com


Resources in Spanish


Quilapayún (official website of Chile faction

Nueva Cancion Chilena Singers discography - Inter alia



Letras/Textos


- songs of Quilapayún dedicated to
Ernesto Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...


Resources in English


Eye For Talent - The Best in World Music

''Chile: The Siege of Santa Maria de Iquique - A People's Cantata''
at
Smithsonian Folkways Smithsonian Folkways is the nonprofit record label of the Smithsonian Institution. It is a part of the Smithsonian's Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, located at Capital Gallery in downtown Washington, D.C. The label was fou ...

Art depictions of Jara
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quilapayun Andean music Chilean folk musical groups Latin music groups Musical groups established in 1965 Nueva canción musicians 1965 establishments in Chile