''Quercus sinuata'' is a species of

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

comprising two distinct

varieties Variety may refer to: Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats * Variety (radio) * Variety show, in theater and television Films * ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont * ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...

, ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''breviloba'' and ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''sinuata'', occurring in southeast

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

Description

''Quercus sinuata'' is a deciduous tree up to 20 metres (67 feet) tall. Leaves are narrow, with shallow rounded lobes. It tends to grow in wet habitats, such as on river bluffs, river bottoms, and

flatwood Flatwood is a soil series with impaired drainage that occurs in the southeastern United States. Flatwood soils are upland soils formed from marine sediments. A shallow water table plays a role in soil formation; typically the water table is only a ...

s, and generally over basic substrates, such as

mafic A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include ...

rocks, shells, or calcareous sediment.Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States by Alan S. Weakley
/ref> There are two varieties, with morphologically intermediate forms sometimes occurring where their ranges overlap: * ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''breviloba'' (Torr.) C.H.Mull. – Texas, Oklahoma, Mexico * ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''sinuata'' –

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Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage ...

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

Carolinas The Carolinas are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina, considered collectively. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east. Combining Nort ...

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

Common names

Perhaps arising from the classification challenges posed by a lack of morphological consistency among individuals of the species, the common name bastard oak may refer to either var. ''sinuata'' or var. ''breviloba'' or to any of their intermediate forms. The common names Durand oak and Durand white oak most often refer to ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''sinuata''. Other common names for ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''sinuata'' include bastard white oak and bluff oak, but these names more often refer to ''

Quercus austrina ''Quercus austrina'', the bastard white oak or bluff oak, is an oak species that is endemic to the southeastern United States from Mississippi to the Carolinas, with a few isolated populations in Arkansas. ''Quercus austrina'' can grow to a hei ...

''. Common names for ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''breviloba'' are Bigelow oak, Bigelow's oak, shallow-lobed oak, white shin oak, scaly-bark oak, limestone Durand oak, and shortlobe oak. Other common names include

scrub oak Scrub oak is a common name for several species of small, shrubby oaks. It may refer to: *the Chaparral plant community in California, or to one of the following species. In California *California scrub oak (''Quercus berberidifolia''), a widespr ...

or shin oak, but these names may refer to a number of other low growing, clump forming oak species, subspecies or varieties. For clear differentiation in common reference,

American Forests American Forests is a 501(c)(3) non-profit conservation organization, established in 1875, and dedicated to protecting and restoring healthy forest ecosystems. The current headquarters are in Washington, D.C. Activities The mission of American ...

uses Durand Oak to mean ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''sinuata'' and Bigelow oak to mean ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''breviloba'', a shrubby variety of ''Quercus sinuata'' distinguished in part by its habit of forming clonal colonies in parts of its range.

Distribution and habitat

''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''breviloba'' is native to central and north central

, south central and southwest

Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...

, and to

Coahuila Coahuila (), formally Coahuila de Zaragoza (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 32 states of Mexico. Coahuila borders the Mexican states of N ...

Nuevo León Nuevo León () is a state in the northeast region of Mexico. The state was named after the New Kingdom of León, an administrative territory from the Viceroyalty of New Spain, itself was named after the historic Spanish Kingdom of León. With a ...

, and

Tamaulipas Tamaulipas (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas), is a state in the northeast region of Mexico; one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entiti ...

in northern

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

. ''Quercus sinuata'' var. ''sinuata'' is native to the south-central and southeastern

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

from central Texas and southwestern Arkansas to the

. Their respective ranges intersect in the

Hill Country The Texas Hill Country is a geographic region of Central and South Texas, forming the southeast part of the Edwards Plateau. Given its location, climate, terrain, and vegetation, the Hill Country can be considered the border between the Americ ...

of central Texas, where streams flowing through dry, brushy limestone hills create a mosaic of wet and well drained habitats.

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q6372185 sinuata Flora of the Southeastern United States Flora of the South-Central United States Trees of the Southeastern United States Plants described in 1788 Trees of Coahuila Trees of Nuevo León Trees of Tamaulipas