The Kazan Governorate (russian: Каза́нская губе́рния; tt-Cyrl, Казан губернасы; cv, Хусан кӗперниӗ; mhr, Озаҥ губерний), or the Government of Kazan, was a governorate (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708–1920, with its seat in the city of Kazan.

History

Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on , 1708, by

Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

's edictУказ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов
on the lands of the

Khanate A khaganate or khanate was a polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. That political territory was typically found on the Eurasian Steppe and could be equivalent in status to tribal chiefdom, principality, kingdom or empire. Mong ...

s of Kazan, Sibir, and Astrakhan, with addition of some lands from the Nogai Horde. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's Prikaz. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities. In 1717,

Astrakhan Governorate The Astrakhan Governorate () was an Imperial, Republican, and Soviet Russian administrative division (), which existed from 1717 – 1929. Created from separating the southwestern part of the Kazan Governorate, by Peter I's Reform in 1717. And ...

was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719— Nizhny Novgorod; in 1744—

Orenburg Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the Kazakhstan-Russia bor ...

; in 1781— Vyatka,

Simbirsk Ulyanovsk, known until 1924 as Simbirsk, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River east of Moscow. Population: The city, founded as Simbirsk (), w ...

, and Ufa Governorates were separated. Under

Catherine the Great , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...

(1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a

namestnichestvo A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the French word ''roy'', meaning " ...

( viceroyalty), with Kazan, Penza, and

Saratov Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901,36 ...

Governorates as its integral parts. At first the governorate was divided into lots (, ''doli''), then into provinces (, ''provintsii'') in 1719, and into uyezds () in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, Kozmodemyansk,

Laishev Laishevo (russian: Лаи́шево; tt-Cyrl, Лаеш, ''Layış'') is a town and the administrative center of Laishevsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River on the shore of the Kuybyshev R ...

Mamadysh Mamadysh (russian: Мамады́ш; tt-Cyrl, Мамадыш, ''Mamadış'') is a town and the administrative center of Mamadyshsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Vyatka River (Kama's tributary), from the republic' ...

, Sviyazhsk, Spassk,

Tetyushi Tetyushi (russian: Тетюши) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. ;Urban localities *Tetyushi, Republic of Tatarstan, a town in Tetyushsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan ;Rural localities * Tetyushi, Republic of Mord ...

Tsaryovokokshaysk Yoshkar-Ola ( Mari and russian: Йошкар-Ола) is the capital city of the Mari El Republic, Russia. Yoshkar-Ola means “red city” in Mari and was formerly known as Tsaryovokokshaysk () before 1919, as Krasnokokshaysk () between 1919 an ...

, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, and

Yadrin Yadrin (russian: Я́дрин; cv, Етӗрне, ''Yetĕrne'') is a town and the administrative center of Yadrinsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. Yadrin is located on the left bank of the Sura River, southwest of Cheboksary, the c ...

uyezds. In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900 square versts, its population was estimated at 2.85 million (38.9% Russians, 31.2% Tatars, 22.8% Chuvash, 5.1% Mari, 1.2%

Mordva The Mordvins (also Unified Mordvin people, Mordvinians, Mordovians; russian: мордва, Mordva, Mordvins (no equivalents in Moksha and Erzya)) is an obsolete but official term used in the Russian Federation to refer both to Erzyas and Moks ...

). There were 7,272 settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, Arsk, Sviyazhsk, Kozmodemyansk,

, Spassk,

, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol,

; and two posads:

Mariinsky Posad Mariinsky Posad (russian: Марии́нский Поса́д; cv, Сĕнтĕрвăрри, ''Sĕntĕrvărri'') is a town and the administrative center of Mariinsko-Posadsky District in the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of th ...

and Troitsky Posad. The governorate was finally abolished during the Bolshevik administrative reform (see Idel-Ural State). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the Tatar ASSR, while the Western part was eventually divided between

Chuvashia Chuvashia (russian: Чувашия; cv, Чӑваш Ен), officially the Chuvash Republic — Chuvasia,; cv, Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuv ...

and Mari El.

Main events in the governorate

*1774

Pugachev rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion (, ''Vosstaniye Pugachyova''; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine ...

*1861 Bezdna unrest *1880s Wäisi movement

Administrative division

Kazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses): *

Kazansky Uyezd Kazansky Uyezd (''Каза́нский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kazan. Demographics At the time ...

( Kazan) * Kozmodemyansky Uyezd ( Kozmodemyansk) *

Laishevsky Uyezd Laishevsky Uyezd (''Лаи́шевский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Laishevo. Demographics At the ...

(

Laishevo Laishevo (russian: Лаи́шево; tt-Cyrl, Лаеш, ''Layış'') is a town and the administrative center of Laishevsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River on the shore of the Kuybyshev R ...

) *

Mamadyshsky Uyezd Mamadyshsky Uyezd (''Мамады́шский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Mamadysh. Demograph ...

(

) *

Sviyazhsky Uyezd Sviyazhsky Uyezd (''Свия́жский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Sviyazhsk. Demographics At the ...

( Sviyazhsk) * Spassky Uyezd ( Spassk) * Tetyushsky Uyezd (

) *

Tsaryovokokshaysky Uyezd Tsaryovokokshaysky Uyezd (''Царевококшайский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tsaryovok ...

(

) *

Tsivilsky Uyezd Tsivilsky Uyezd (''Циви́льский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tsivilsk. Demographics At the ...

( Tsivilsk) *

Cheboksarsky Uyezd Cheboksarsky Uyezd (''Чебокса́рский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Cheboksary. Demograph ...

( Cheboksary) *

Chistopolsky Uyezd Chistopolsky Uyezd (''Чистопольский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Chistopol. Demogra ...

( Chistopol) *

Yadrinsky Uyezd Yadrinsky Uyezd (''Я́дринский уе́зд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Yadrin. Demographics At the time ...

(

)

References

External links

Results of 1897 all-imperial census for Kazan Governorate

History

Main events in the governorate

Administrative division

References

External links

Further reading