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Qardho ( so, Qardho, ar, ู‚ุฑุถูˆ), also known as Gardo, is a city in the northeastern
Bari Bari ( , ; nap, label= Barese, Bare ; lat, Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy a ...
region of
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: ๐’ˆ๐’๐’‘๐’›๐’๐’˜๐’•๐’–; ar, ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุงู„, aแนฃ-แนขลซmฤl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
, a district within the autonomous state of
Puntland Puntland ( so, Puntland, ar, ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู†ุท, it, Terra di Punt or ''Paese di Punt''), officially the Puntland State of Somalia ( so, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya, ar, ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู†ุท ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ), is a F ...
.


History


Until Somalia's Independence

Qardho is one of a series of ancient settlements in northern Somalia. In the Arie valley, midway between the city and the town of
Iskushuban Iskushuban ( so, Iskushubaan) is a small town in the northeastern Bari province of Somalia on the Horn of Africa. A historical settlement, it is situated in the autonomous Puntland state. It lies along the 50th meridian east. Overview Iskushub ...
, once lay a sizable town that had considerable structures with thick walls. Qardho is also situated near the burial place of the immediate forefather of the Marehan
Darod The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, ุฏุงุฑูˆุฏ) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...
clan. In the early modern period, Qardho was a part of the
Majeerteen Sultanate The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen ๐’ˆ๐’š๐’๐’†๐’–๐’’๐’–๐’†๐’†๐’– ๐’‘๐’–๐’ƒ๐’œ๐’‡๐’‚๐’œ๐’’, lit=Boqortooyada Majerteen, ar, ุณู„ุทู†ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุชูŠู†), also known as Majeerteen Kingdom or Majeerteenia and Migiu ...
(Migiurtinia), centered in
Aluula Alula ( so, Caluula, ar, ุนู„ูˆู„ุฉ), also spelled Aluula, is a coastal town in the northeastern Bari, Somalia, Bari region and is part of the autonomous state of Puntland, on the coast of the Guardafui Channel. In the late 19th and early 20th ce ...
. It was later incorporated into
Italian Somaliland Italian Somalia ( it, Somalia Italiana; ar, ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฅูŠุทุงู„ูŠ, Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; so, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th centur ...
during the early 20th century.


Around Somalia's independence

In 1959,
Abdirashid Shermarke Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ( so, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, ar, ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุดูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ุดุงุฑู…ุงุฑูƒูŠ) (8 June 1919 โ€“ 15 October 1969), also known as Abdirashid Shermarke, was Prime Minister of Somali Republic from 12 July 1960, to 14 J ...
, later Somalia's president, became a member of the Somali Legislative Assembly as a representative of the Qardho. In June 1981, the
World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...
identified three areas in northeastern Somalia as promising for irrigation, one of which is between Erigavo-Qardho. The rest are near the Nugaal Valley and near
Galkayo Galkayo ( so, Gaalkacyo, ar, ุฌุงู„ูƒุนูŠูˆ Dr Badal Kariye Ba Bsit Ma Mba & Phd, ''The Kaleidoscopic Lover: The Civil War in the Horn of Africa & My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover'', (AuthorHouse: 2010), p.116.) which in Af- Somali translates t ...
.


After the Somali Civil War

In August 1993, the
United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...
had not yet given up on an early end to the
Somali Civil War The Somali Civil War ( so, Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya; ar, ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ) is an ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the Military dictatorship, military junta wh ...
, and in a report dated August 17, it reported that "a total of 21 district councils had been formed, including 2 in the north-east...Bari region: Gardo Bender Beyla." In 1998, the
WFP The World Food Programme; it, Programma alimentare mondiale; es, Programa Mundial de Alimentos; ar, ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ, translit=barnamaj al'aghdhiat alealami; russian: ะ’ัะตะผะธั€ะฝะฐั ะฟั€ะพะดะพะฒะพะปัŒัั‚ะฒะตะฝะ ...
completed two flood control reservoirs in the village of Dahan near Qardho. It also completed the first phase of a slaughterhouse and distributed food. In August 2002, former President of
Puntland Puntland ( so, Puntland, ar, ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู†ุท, it, Terra di Punt or ''Paese di Punt''), officially the Puntland State of Somalia ( so, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya, ar, ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู†ุท ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ), is a F ...
,
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( so, Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed, ar, ุนุจุฏุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆุณู ุฃุญู…ุฏ‎; 15 December 1934 โ€“ 23 March 2012) was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali ...
occupied Qardho, which was controlled by troops loyal to President
Jama Ali Jama Jama Ali Jama ( so, Jaamac Cali Jaamac, ar, ุฌุงู…ุน ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุน) is a Somali politician. He was the President of Puntland from November 14, 2001, to May 8, 2002. Early life Jama was born to a family from the Osman Mahmoud sub-clan of the ...
(who was later removed from office and never recognized as having served as president). On December 4, 2003, the Puntland government announced the establishment of four regions: Bender Cassim,
Karkaar Karkaar is a mountain range which ranges from Somalia's northwestern border with Ethiopia, until Cape Guardafui.The State of the Environment in Somalia: A Desk Study, page 10, 2005 It is also an administrative region defined by the autonomous Punt ...
, and
Haylan Haylan ( so, Heylaan), is a town in the eastern Sanaag region of Somaliland. Overview An old settlement, Haylan is the site of numerous ancient ruins and buildings, many of obscure origins. Northeastern Somalia in general is home to numero ...
. The Karkaar region was separated from the Bali region. Qardho was determined to be the capital of the Karkaar region. In 2006, Cismaan Buux Cali was elected as City Council President and Mayor of Qardho for the first time since 1968. In August 2010, local council elections resulted in the council president being Maxamed Siciid Hoggaamo; Maxamed became the first democratically elected council president. In December 2011, five pirates were arrested by Puntland police in Qardho. At that point, there was reportedly still many pirates in the Karkaar area. In November 2012, Puntland President
Abdirahman Farole Abdirahman Mohamud Farole ( so, Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole; ar, ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ; born 1945) is a Somali politician. He served for many years in the government, acting as a governor of the Nugal region of Somalia in the 1990s a ...
visited Qardho, where residents burned tires and threw stones in protest. In June 2013, Cabdullaahi Muuse, the 34th Boqor (King) of the Darod clan, died in
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
due to illness. In May 2014, it was reported that
Burhaan Boqor Burhan Boqor Musse, is the titular title of Boqor Burhan, the heir apparent of the Majeerteen Sultanate The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen ๐’ˆ๐’š๐’๐’†๐’–๐’’๐’–๐’†๐’†๐’– ๐’‘๐’–๐’ƒ๐’œ๐’‡๐’‚๐’œ๐’’, lit ...
had been named king of the
Majeerteen Sultanate The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen ๐’ˆ๐’š๐’๐’†๐’–๐’’๐’–๐’†๐’†๐’– ๐’‘๐’–๐’ƒ๐’œ๐’‡๐’‚๐’œ๐’’, lit=Boqortooyada Majerteen, ar, ุณู„ุทู†ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุชูŠู†), also known as Majeerteen Kingdom or Majeerteenia and Migiu ...
and the 34th Boqor (King) of the Darod clan in Qardho. In May 2015, Qardho's basketball team won the Eastern and Central African basketball tournament in
Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam (; from ar, ุฏูŽุงุฑ ุงู„ุณูŽู‘ู„ูŽุงู…, Dรขr es-Selรขm, lit=Abode of Peace) or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over s ...
,
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
, defeating a team from
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ, al-Qฤhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
,
Egypt Egypt ( ar, ู…ุตุฑ , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
. In July 2015, Somalia's Federal Prime Minister Omar Sharmarke visited Qardho. In September 2015, the Qardho City Council elected Cabdi Siciid Cismaan as mayor.


Somaliland Army Colonel in Exile

In May 2018, Colonel Siciid Cawil Caarre, commander of the 3rd Battalion of the Somaliland Army in El Afweyn District, defected to Qardho, Puntland, with an army. In June 2018, a delegation from the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, ุงูŽู„ู’ุฅูู…ูŽุงุฑูŽุงุช ุงู„ู’ุนูŽุฑูŽุจููŠูŽุฉ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุชูŽุญูุฏูŽุฉ ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, ุงู„ูู’ุฅู…ูŽุงุฑูŽุงุช ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East). It is located at th ...
visited Qardho. In July 2018, Somalia's Prime Minister
Hassan Ali Khaire Hassan Ali Khaire (or alternatively transliterated as Hassan Ali Khayre, so, Xasan Cali Khayre, ar, ุญุณู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฎูŠุฑูŠ; born 1967), popularly known as Hassan Khaire, is a Somali activist and politician and is the former Prime Minister of ...
visited Qardho on high alert and was welcomed. In August 2018, Colonel Caarre announced that he had built a military base on the outskirts of Qardho to resist Somaliland. This was provided by the Puntland government, which stated that it would accept all asylum seekers from Somaliland. In March 2019, the Puntland government banned the army led by Colonel Caarre stationed in Qardho. The local government of Qardho forbade Colonel Caarre's troops from entering the town. In July 2019, Colonel Caarre's forces were reported fighting Somaliland troops in the town of Dhoobo, far from Qardho.


Recent Situations

In April 2020, the Puntland government seized a large quantity of smuggled
Khat Khat or qat ( ''chโ€™at''; Oromo: ''Jimaa'', so, qaad, khaad, khat or chat, ar, ุงู„ู‚ุงุช ''al-qฤt'') is a flowering plant native to eastern and southern Africa. Khat contains the alkaloid cathinone, a stimulant, which is said to cause e ...
and burned it as an example in a public square outside Qardho. In August 2020, the
Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...
(FAO) built a pest monitoring and management center in Qardho. In September 2021, Puntland President
Said Abdullahi Dani Said Abdullahi Deni (, ; born 1966 or 1967, also known as Said Deni, is the current president of Puntland. Previously, he served as the minister of planning of Somalia, after having been appointed to the position on 17 January 2014 by the prime ...
appointed Maxamed Faarax Cabdiseed (Buraale) as interim mayor of Qardho. Local elections for Puntland were held in Qardho in October 2021. It was the first democratic election in 50 years. In December 2021, Puntland police in Qardho arrested journalists, which the Somali Journalists Association condemned as a violation of press freedom. The arrested journalist was beaten violently by police officers with a wooden stick before being sent to prison. In Abril 2022, Abdikadir Said Qaal has been elected as the new mayor of Gardo and the chairman of the local council is an election that recently happened


Demographics

Qardho had a population of around 47 700 inhabitants the year 2000. The broader Qardho District has a total population of 300,000.


Climate

Qardho has a
hot arid climate The desert climate or arid climate (in the Kรถppen climate classification ''BWh'' and ''BWk''), is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert ...
(
Kรถppen climate classification The Kรถppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Kรถppen (1846โ€“1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Kรถppen, notabl ...
''BWh'').


Education

Qardho has a number of academic institutions. According to the Puntland Ministry of Education, there are 39 primary schools in the Qardho District. Among these are Al-Xanaan, Shire, Gahayr and Gudcad. Secondary schools in the area include Sheikh Osman, Muntada, Nawawi and Al-Ashar.
Al-Azhar University , image = ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ_ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ_ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ.jpg , image_size = 250 , caption = Al-Azhar University portal , motto = , established = *970/972 first foundat ...
,
Egypt Egypt ( ar, ู…ุตุฑ , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
's highest authority for Islamic affairs, also operates a school in Qardho. At the post-secondary level, the East Somalia University (ESU) offers higher instruction.
East Africa University East Africa University (EAU) ( ar, ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุดุฑู‚ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง) is a non-for-profit institution university in the autonomous Puntland state in northeastern Somalia, as well as in neighbouring Somaliland. Founded in the commercial capital of ...
(EAU) also has one of its seven branches in the city.


Services

On November 25, 2012, the Puntland government opened a new maximum security prison facility in Qardho. Inaugurated by former Puntland President
Abdirahman Mohamud Farole Abdirahman Mohamud Farole ( so, Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole; ar, ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ; born 1945) is a Somali politician. He served for many years in the government, acting as a governor of the Nugal region of Somalia in the 1990s a ...
and a delegation of cabinet ministers, senior government representatives and district officials, the institution provides both custodial housing and social rehabilitation programs. The UNDP is also slated to assist in capacity building for the prison's correctional administration and staff. Additionally, the city is served by the Gardo General Hospital. A private healthcare facility, it has a Microbiology Service Laboratory. In April 2013, the Puntland Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources announced plans to open a new fish market within the year in Qardho. The project is part of a larger regional development plan that will also see a similar marketplace inaugurated in
Galkayo Galkayo ( so, Gaalkacyo, ar, ุฌุงู„ูƒุนูŠูˆ Dr Badal Kariye Ba Bsit Ma Mba & Phd, ''The Kaleidoscopic Lover: The Civil War in the Horn of Africa & My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover'', (AuthorHouse: 2010), p.116.) which in Af- Somali translates t ...
, in the model of the already launched
Garowe Garowe ( so, Garoowe, ar, ุบูŽุงู’ุฑูŽู‘ูˆู’ุคูŽูŠูŽ,
fish market. In June 2014, the Puntland government launched a new tree-planting campaign in the state, with the regional Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism slated to plant 25,000 trees by the end of the year. Qardho is among the seven cities and towns earmarked for the reforestation initiative, which also include Garowe,
Bosaso Bosaso ( so, Boosaaso, ar, ุจูˆุตุงุตูˆ), historically known as Bender Cassim is a city in the northeastern Bari province ('' gobol'') of Somalia. It is the seat of the Bosaso District. Located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden, the mun ...
,
Dhahar Dhahar is a town in the eastern Sanaag region, and the capital of the Dhahar District. Puntland is in effective control, but Somaliland also has territorial claims. Overview The town is disputed between Somaliland and Puntland, who has signific ...
,
Buuhoodle Buuhoodle ( so, Buuhoodle, ar, ุจูˆูˆู‡ูˆุฏู„), also known as Bohotle, is the second largest city in the Togdheer region of Somaliland and also the capital of the Cayn region under Puntland. It is a prominent border town for movements of goods t ...
, Baran and
Galkayo Galkayo ( so, Gaalkacyo, ar, ุฌุงู„ูƒุนูŠูˆ Dr Badal Kariye Ba Bsit Ma Mba & Phd, ''The Kaleidoscopic Lover: The Civil War in the Horn of Africa & My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover'', (AuthorHouse: 2010), p.116.) which in Af- Somali translates t ...
. The campaign is part of a broader partnership between the Puntland authorities and EU to set up various environmental protection measures in the region, with the aim of promoting reforestation and afforestation. In May 2015, the Puntland regional government announced that it was slated to launch new development projects in Qardho.


Transportation

Air transportation in Qardho is served by the
Qardho Airport Qardho Airport , also known as Gardo Airport, is an airport serving Qardho, a town in the northeastern Bari region of Somalia. Overview The airport sits at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has a runway that is long. In late September ...
. In late September 2013, Puntland Deputy Minister of Civil Aviation Abdiqani Gelle announced that the authorities in Somalia's autonomous
Puntland Puntland ( so, Puntland, ar, ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู†ุท, it, Terra di Punt or ''Paese di Punt''), officially the Puntland State of Somalia ( so, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya, ar, ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู†ุท ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ), is a F ...
region would carry out major renovations at the airport, as well as at the
Garowe International Airport General Mohamed Abshir Airport is an airport serving Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. Overview The General Mohamed Abshir also known as Garowe Airport, is situated about 12 km fr ...
in Garowe and the
Abdullahi Yusuf International Airport Abdullahi Yusuf Airport , formerly known as the Galkayo Airport, is an airport located in Galkayo, the capital of the north-central Mudug region of Somalia. Overview Like most of Galkayo, the Abdullahi Yusuf Airport is administered by the autono ...
in Galkayo. A tender process for a similar upgrade initiative was concurrently launched at the
Bender Qassim International Airport Bosaso Airport ( so, Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Bender Qaasim, ar, ู…ุทุงุฑ ุจูˆุตุงุตูˆ), also known as Bosaso International Airport, is an airport in Somalia. It sits at 11ยฐ16โ€ฒ32โ€ณN 49ยฐ9โ€ฒ0โ€ณE on the outer edge of the city of Bosaso, the ...
in Bosaso. In October 2012, the
Puntland Highway Authority Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) is a government body, established by law no.18 , in the year 2000, in charge of road transportation and infrastructure and responsible for maintaining and developing the road network throughout in the autonomous Pun ...
(PHA) also began a major upgrade and repair project on the main road linking Qardho with Bosaso.


Notes

{{Reflist, 2 http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Populated places in Bari, Somalia