The Podolia Governorate or Podillia Governorate (), set up after the
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
, was a governorate (''
gubernia
A governorate, gubernia, province, or government ( rus, губе́рния, p=ɡʊˈbʲɛrnʲɪjə, also romanized ; uk, губернія, huberniia), was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the empire ...
'', ''province'', or ''government'') of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
from 1793 to 1917, of the
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
from 1917 to 1921, and of the
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
from 1921 to 1925.
History
The Government of Podolia was established right after the
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
in place of the former
Podole and
Bracław Voivodeship
The Bracław Voivodeship ( la, Palatinatus Braclaviensis; ; uk, Брацлавське воєводство, ''Braclavśke vojevodstvo'') was a unit of administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Created in 1566 as part of the ...
s in 1793.
Location
The Podolian Governorate occupied the southwestern frontier of the former Russian empire, bordering
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, and had an area of about 42,000 km
2. The administrative centre was
Kamenets-Podolskiy
Kamianets-Podilskyi ( uk, Ка́м'яне́ць-Поді́льський, russian: Каменец-Подольский, Kamenets-Podolskiy, pl, Kamieniec Podolski, ro, Camenița, yi, קאַמענעץ־פּאָדאָלסק / קאַמעניץ, ...
until 1914 when it moved to
Vinnytsia.
Podolia Governorate was one of the three governorates of the
Southwestern Krai administration. In 1917 it was recognized by the
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government ( rus, Временное правительство России, Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of the Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately ...
to be governed by the
General Secretariat of Ukraine as the representative of the
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government ( rus, Временное правительство России, Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of the Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately ...
in the region.
Administrative division
Uyezd subdivision
Until 1918 the governorate consisted of 12
uyezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...
s (counties):
#
Baltsky Uyezd
#
Bratslavsky Uyezd Bratslavsky Uyezd (''Брацлавский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Bratslav. ...
#
Vinnitsky Uyezd Vinnitsky Uyezd (''Винницкий уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Vinnytsia ( ...
#
Gaysinsky Uyezd Gaysinsky Uyezd (''Гайсинский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Haisyn ( ...
#
Kamenets-Podolsky Uyezd
#
Letichevsky Uyezd
#
Litinsky Uyezd Litinsky Uyezd (''Литинский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Lityn (''Litin'' ...
#
Mogilyovsky Uyezd
#
Olgopolsky Uyezd
#
Proskurovsky Uyezd Proskurovsky Uyezd (''Проскуровский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was K ...
#
Ushitsky Uyezd
#
Yampolsky Uyezd
Okruha subdivision
On 12 April 1923 all uyezds (counties) were transformed into
okruha
An okruha ( uk, округа) is an historical administrative division of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic that existed between 1923 and 1930. The system was intended as a transitional system between the Russian Imperial division of gove ...
s (counties), while volosts (districts) – into raions (districts). Okruhas served as a subdivision of government until it was abolished on 1 August 1925. Together with the government of Podilia, the Haisyn okruha was dissolved as well. Some territory of Tulchyn okruha were included into the newly formed
Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
* Vinnytsia
* Haisyn
*
Kamianets
* Mohyliv
* Proskuriv
* Tulchyn
Principal cities
Russian Census of 1897:
*
Kamenets/Podolsky – 35 934 (Jewish – 16 112, Ukrainian – 9 755, Russian – 7 420)
*
Vinnitsa
Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. A ...
– 30 563 (Jewish – 11 456, Ukrainian – 10 862, Russian – 5 206)
*
Balta – 23 363 (Jewish – 13 164, Russian – 5 385, Ukrainian – 4 124)
*
Proskurov – 22 855 (Jewish – 11 369, Ukrainian – 4 425, Russian – 3 483)
*
Mogilev/Dnestr – 22 315 (Jewish – 12 188, Ukrainian – 6 512, Russian – 2 668)
*
Zhmerinka – 12 908
*
Khmelnik
Khmilnyk ( uk, Хмільник, ; russian: Хмельник; pl, Chmielnik) is a resort town in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as an administrative center of K ...
– 11 657 (Jewish – 5 979, Ukrainian – 5 375, Polish – 150)
Smaller cities
*
Bar
Bar or BAR may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages
* Candy bar
* Chocolate bar
Science and technology
* Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment
* Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud
* Bar ( ...
– 9 982 (Jewish – 5 764, Ukrainian – 3 332, Russian – 485)
*
Lityn
Lityn (, ) is a town in Vinnytsia Oblast (province), located in the historic region of the Podilia. It was formerly the administrative center of the Lityn Raion, but is now administered within Vinnytsia Raion. Population:
Location
The town i ...
– 9 420 (Jewish – 3 828, Ukrainian – 3 047, Russian – 2 126)
*
Gaysin – 9 374 (Jewish – 4 322, Ukrainian – 3 946, Russian – 884)
*
Olgopol – 8 134 (Ukrainian – 4 837, Jewish – 2 465, Russian – 625)
*
Bratslav
Bratslav ( uk, Брацлав; pl, Bracław; yi, בראָצלעוו, ''Brotslev'', today also pronounced Breslev or '' Breslov'' as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is an urban-type settlement in Ukraine, located i ...
– 7 863 (Jewish – 3 275, Ukrainian – 2 608, Russian – 1 782)
*
Letichev
Letychiv ( uk, Летичів; pl, Latyczów; russian: Летичев) is a town in the eastern part of Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. 51 km from Khmelnytskyi and 33 km from the railway station in Derazhnia. It was ...
– 7 248 (Jewish – 4 105, Ukrainian – 1 719, Polish – 741)
*
Yampol – 6 605 (Ukrainian – 3 282, Jewish – 2 819, Russian – 275)
*
Novaya Ushytsa – 6 371 (Jewish – 2 214, Russian – 2 120, Ukrainian – 1 836)
*
Staraya Ushytsa – 4 176 (Ukrainian – 2 488, Jewish – 1 584, Polish – 57)
*
Salnitsa – 3 699 (Ukrainian – 2 758, Jewish – 899, Polish – 19)
*
Verbovets – 2 311 (Ukrainian – 1 282, Jewish – 661, Polish – 326)
Language
The Imperial census of 1897 produced the following statistics. Bold type marks languages spoken by more people than the state language. In 1897 3,018,299 people lived in the governorate of Podolia.
The cities had 221,870 inhabitants, comprising about 7.35% of the total population. About 46.06% of the urban population consisted of Jews, 32.54% of Ukrainians, 15.03% of Russians, and 4.90% of Poles.
Religion
The Imperial census of 1897
Religion Statistics of 1897
reported:
;Religious structures
* Churches
** Eastern Orthodox
Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonical ...
1645
** Roman Catholic ( kosciol) 202
** Lutheran
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched ...
4
*Monasteries
** Eastern Orthodox
Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonical ...
7 (male), 4 (female)
*Synagogues 89
** other Shul(s) 438
*Mosque(s) 1
See also
*Podolia
Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-centra ...
References
{{coord, 48.6806, N, 26.5806, E, source:wikidata, display=title
Governorates of the Russian Empire
Governorates of Ukraine
1790s establishments in the Russian Empire