Pocahontas County, West Virginia

Pocahontas County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,869. Its county seat is Marlinton. The county was established in 1821. It is named after the daughter of the Powhatan chief of the Native Americans in the United States from Jamestown, Virginia. She married an English settler and their children became ancestors of many of the First Families of Virginia.

Pocahontas County is the home to the Green Bank Observatory and is part of the National Radio Quiet Zone.

History

When Andrew Lewis, early American pioneer, surveyor, and soldier from Virginia, came to survey one of the land grants for the Greenbrier Company in 1751, he found Jacob Marlin and Stephen Sewell living where Marlinton later developed. They had come from Frederick, Maryland, in 1749 and are considered to be the first European settlers in this region of Virginia. They built their original cabin where Marlin Run met Knapp's Creek. Lewis had found Sewell living in a large hollow sycamore tree near the cabin. This area is now between Eighth and Ninth avenues and Eighth and Ninth streets of Marlinton.

This area was reserved by the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy as a hunting ground, by right of their conquest of tribes that had been in the area. The American Indians resisted Europeans moving into the area. A treaty of 1758 by Great Britain confirmed the land west of the Allegheny Mountains to the Indians and forbade his Majesty's subjects from settling or hunting here.

But the white settlers continued to encroach onto the Indian land, sparking many raids and massacres between the groups. After the Revolution, the Indian squabbles quieted and the settlers' land claims were secured in an orderly manner.

On June 20, 1863, West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state of the Union. Although part of Virginia at the time, the western area had a different culture and economy than the Tidewater. It had been settled by yeomen farmers who held few slaves. In the east, planters developed a slave society in which the elite lived very well. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, many residents of the western counties, few of whom owned slaves, decided to stay with the Union. Pocahontas was one of fifty Virginia counties included in the new state.

Later that year, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Pocahontas County was initially divided into four townships, each of which was given a patriotic name: Grant, Lincoln, Meade, and Union. They became magisterial districts in 1872, and all four were renamed the following year: Grant District, originally named for Union General Ulysses S. Grant, became Huntersville District; Lincoln, named after the President, became Edray; Meade, named for General George Meade, became Greenbank, and Union District became Academy. In the 1890s, Academy District was renamed again, becoming Little Levels.

The railroads came late to Pocahontas County, as building rails over the mountains was a difficult and expensive project. It was not until 1899 that construction began but after that, the task moved with startling speed. The 1900 census of the county indicates that many European immigrants came to the region as workers on building the railroads through this area.

Commercial timbering quickly began upon completion of the railroads, including a large mill owned by the West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company (now MeadWestvaco) at Cass. By the end of 1920, dozens of small railroading towns dotted the landscape along the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway line.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.2%) is water. It is the third-largest county in West Virginia by area, and with a mean altitude of it is the sixth-highest county east of the Mississippi River and the highest county in this region outside Western North Carolina.

The highest point is Thorny Flat on Cheat Mountain in the northwestern part of the county, elevation .

Birthplace of rivers

The county is the site of the headwaters for eight rivers: Cherry River, Cranberry River, Elk River, Gauley River, Greenbrier River, Tygart Valley River, Williams River, and Shavers Fork of the Cheat River. The Monongahela National Forest protects much of the river headwaters, thereby helping to ensure improved downstream water quality.

Major highways

* U.S. Highway 219
* U.S. Highway 250
* West Virginia Route 28
* West Virginia Route 39
* West Virginia Route 55
* West Virginia Route 66
* West Virginia Route 84
* West Virginia Route 92

National protected areas

*Monongahela National Forest (part)
*Cranberry Glades Botanical Area
*Gaudineer Scenic Area

Demographics

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,131 people, 3,835 households, and 527 families living in the county. The population density was 10 people per square mile (4/km²). There were 7,594 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile (3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.38% White, 0.78% Black or African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. 0.43% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,835 households, out of which 25.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.90% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.10% were non-families. 29.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.90% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 27.40% from 45 to 64, and 17.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 106.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,401, and the median income for a family was $32,511. Males had a median income of $26,173 versus $16,780 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,384. About 12.70% of families and 17.10% of individuals were below the poverty line, including 20.20% of those under age 18 and 14.60% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 8,719 people, 3,758 households, and 2,373 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 8,847 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 97.8% white, 0.7% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.0% were German, 20.1% were Irish, 12.7% were English, 9.9% were American, 5.2% were Scottish, and 5.1% were Dutch.

Of the 3,758 households, 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.9% were non-families, and 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.75. The median age was 47.1 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,161 and the median income for a family was $40,906. Males had a median income of $32,411 versus $25,321 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,763. About 11.8% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Economy

Tourism

As of 2008, there were approximately 30,000 out-of-towners who own property in Pocahontas County. The tourism industry has continued to be one of the county's largest economic industries. The main tourist attraction is Snowshoe Mountain, which attracts thousands of visitors every summer and winter.

Communities

Towns

* Durbin
* Hillsboro
* Marlinton (county seat)

Magisterial districts

*Edray
*Greenbank
*Huntersville
*Little Levels

Census-designated places

* Arbovale
* Bartow
*Cass
*Frank
*Green Bank
* Huntersville

Unincorporated communities

* Buckeye
* Clover Lick
* Droop
*Dunmore
* Edray
*Frost
* Jacox
*Knapp
* Mill Point
* Minnehaha Springs
* Seebert
* Slatyfork
*Snowshoe
* Stony Bottom
*Violet

Notable people

*Pearl S. Buck, author, was born in Hillsboro.
* W. E. Blackhurst, author
*William Luther Pierce, leader of the National Alliance lived on property near Mill Point.

In popular culture

*The Amnesty campaign of actual play podcast The Adventure Zone takes place in a fictional town within Pocahontas County.

See also

* The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace
* Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
* Droop Mountain Battlefield State Park
* Greenbrier River Trail
* Handley Wildlife Management Area
* National Radio Astronomy Observatory
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Pocahontas County, West Virginia
* Watoga State Park
* Shavers Mountain
* Spice Run Wilderness

References

External links

Pocahontas County Convention and Visitors Bureau

Historical Sketches of Pocahontas County, West Virginia by William T. Price

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1821 establishments in Virginia
Populated places established in 1821
Counties of Appalachia