''Parides'', commonly called cattlehearts, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

swallowtail butterflies Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful Butterfly, butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Papilionidae. They are found in the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

(

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups according to Möhn ''et al.'', with annotations according to Wilts ''et al.'' (2014):''Parides''
funet.fi species group: ''ascanius'' (disputed: basal/

plesiomorph In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, a ...

ic?) :*'' Parides agavus'' (Drury, 1782) :*'' Parides alopius'' (Godman & Salvin,

890 __NOTOC__ Year 890 ( DCCCXC) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * The Frankish nobles, who have ruled Provence in anarchy (since 887), declare L ...

– white-dotted cattleheart :*'' Parides ascanius'' (Cramer, 775 – Fluminense swallowtail :*''

Parides bunichus ''Parides bunichus'' is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. The larva is brownish black, with an oblique white band, extending laterally from the 6th segment to the tubercle on the 7th. ...

'' (Hübner, 821 :*'' Parides gundlachianus'' (C. & R. Felder, 1864) – Cuban cattleheart (''anchises'' group?) :*'' Parides montezuma'' (Westwood, 1842) – Montezuma's cattleheart (possibly new ''panthonus'' group) :*'' Parides phalaecus'' (Hewitson, 1869) :*'' Parides photinus'' (Doubleday, 1844) – pink-spotted cattleheart (basal in ''anchises'' group?) :*'' Parides proneus'' (Hübner,

831 __NOTOC__ Year 831 ( DCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Byzantine–Arab War: Emperor Theophilos invades the Abbasid dominion ...

species group: ''klagesi'' (''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'') :*''

Parides klagesi ''Parides klagesi'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It was thought to be endemic to Venezuela before being discovered in Brazil. A recent, freely available article by Olaf Mielke and Mirna Casagrande (2007) summarizes the kn ...

'' (Ehrmann, 1904) species group: ''chabrias'' :*''

Parides chabrias ''Parides chabrias'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas), Ecuador and Peru. It is a woodland species. The female flies slowly near the ground, whilst the male has a swifter flight and generally r ...

'' (Hewitson, 1852) :*''

Parides hahneli ''Parides hahneli'', the Hahnel's Amazonian swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Brazil in the states of Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Pará, where it was placed on the list of endangered sp ...

'' (Staudinger, 1882) – Hahnel's Amazonian swallowtail :*''

Parides mithras ''Parides mithras'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil ( Amazonas). ''Parides mithras'' is very similar to '' Parides chabrias'' but has paler and smaller spots, espec ...

'' (Grose-Smith, 1902) :*'' Parides pizarro'' (Staudinger, 1884) – formerly ''P. steinbachi'' (''ascanius'' group/incertae sedis?) :*''

Parides quadratus ''Parides quadratus'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Brazil and Peru. Description Forewing long; hindwing in both sexes with a band consisting of yellowish-white spots on the disc close to the cell, and o ...

'' (Staudinger, 1890) :*''

Parides vercingetorix ''Parides vercingetorix'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to French Guiana. Formerly, this species was known as ''Parides coelus'' and originally described as ''Papilio coelus'' by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 18 ...

'' (Oberthür, 1888) – formerly ''P. coelus'' (''ascanius'' group/''incertae sedis''?) species group: ''aeneas'' :*''

Parides aeneas ''Parides aeneas'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. The larva feeds on '' Aristolochia'' ''burchelli'' and ''A. barbata'' Subspecies *''P. a. aeneas'' Guianas, Surinam *''P. a. bolivar ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) :*'' Parides aglaope'' (Gray,

853 __NOTOC__ Year 853 ( DCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and d ...

(''ascanius'' group/incertae sedis?) :*'' Parides burchellanus'' (Westwood, 1872) (possibly new ''panthonus'' group) :*'' Parides echemon'' (Hübner,

813 Events By place Byzantine Empire * June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler ('' khan'') of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) ...

:*'' Parides eurimedes'' (Stoll,

782 __NOTOC__ Year 782 ( DCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 782 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in ...

– pink-checked cattleheart or mylotes cattleheart :*'' Parides lysander'' (Cramer, 775 – Lysander cattleheart (possibly basalmost living species of group) :*''

Parides neophilus ''Parides neophilus'', the spear-winged cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. The larvae feed on '' Aristolochia trilobata'' and '' Aristolochia colombiana''. Subspecies *''P. ...

'' (Geyer, 1837) – neophilus cattleheart :*'' Parides orellana'' (Hewitson, 1852) (tentatively placed here) :*'' Parides panthonus'' (Cramer, 780 – panthonus cattleheart (possibly new ''panthonus'' group) :*'' Parides tros'' (Fabricius, 1793) :*'' Parides zacynthus'' (Fabricius, 1793) species group: ''sesostris'' (sister to ''aeneas'' and/or ''anchises'' group/s?) :*''

Parides childrenae ''Parides childrenae'', the green-celled cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae.Jeffrey Glassberg (2007). ''A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America.'' Sunstreak Books Inc. It is found in southern ...

'' (Gray, 1832) – green-celled cattleheart :*''

Parides sesostris ''Parides sesostris'', the emerald-patched cattleheart or southern cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. Subspecies * ''Parides sesostris sesostris'' (Cramer, 1779) (Suriname to eastern Ecuador and south to northern ...

'' (Cramer,

779 __NOTOC__ Year 779 ( DCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 779 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...

– emerald-patched cattleheart species group: ''anchises'' :*'' Parides anchises'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Anchises cattleheart :*'' Parides cutorina'' (Staudinger, 1898) (''ascanius'' group/incertae sedis?) :*'' Parides erithalion'' (Boisduval, 1836) – variable cattleheart :*'' Parides iphidamas'' (Fabricius, 1793) – Transandean cattleheart :*'' Parides panares'' (Gray,

– wedge-spotted cattleheart :*'' Parides phosphorus'' (H.W. Bates, 1861) (''ascanius'' group/incertae sedis?) :*'' Parides vertumnus'' (Cramer,

References

*Gerardo Lamas (edited by) (2004). ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea''. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainesville, FL. *Jeffrey Glassberg (2007). ''A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America''. Sunstreak Books Inc. *Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus ''Parides'' Hubner, 819 based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). ''Neue Ent. Nachr''. (Marktleuthen),41:119-13
pdf
*Edwin Möhn, 2006 ''Schmetterlinge der Erde'', Butterflies of the world Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli) *Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. ''Novitates Zoologicae'' 13: 411-752
online
(and as pdf) (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967).

External links

Photographs of type specimens.
Parides MNH
Papilionidae Papilionidae of South America Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{papilionidae-stub