Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, also known as R-PTP-S, R-PTP-sigma, or PTPĪ, is an
enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRS''
gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth,
differentiation,
mitotic cycle, and
oncogenic
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abno ...
transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single
transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains (D1 and D2), and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. D1 is catalytically active, while D2 is catalytically inactive. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and
fibronectin type III-like domains. Rem2 signaling affects neuronal structure and function in part by regulation of gene expression. Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceStudies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in
cell-cell interaction, primary
axonogenesis, and axon guidance during
embryogenesis
An embryo is an initial stage of development of a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm ...
. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four
alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.
Clinical significance
A PTPRS
protein mimetic {{Unreferenced, date=June 2019, bot=noref (GreenC bot)
A protein mimetic is a molecule such as a peptide, a modified peptide or any other molecule that biologically mimics the action or activity of some other protein.
Protein mimetics are commonly ...
may improve muscular and bladder control in rats with spinal cord injuries.
Interactions
PTPRS has been shown to
interact with:
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chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans,
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PTPRD,
glial-derived and
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liprin-alpha-1.
References
Further reading
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