Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type III, also known as PADI3, is a
protein which in humans is encoded by the ''PADI3''
gene.
This gene encodes a member of the
peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational
deimination of proteins by converting
arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the am ...
residues into
citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type III enzyme modulates hair structural proteins, such as
filaggrin in the
hair follicle
The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin. It resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different cell types, each with distinct functions. The hair follicle regulates hair growth via a complex interaction between h ...
and
trichohyalin in the inner root sheath, during hair follicle formation. Together with the type I enzyme, this enzyme may also play a role in terminal differentiation of the
epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water rele ...
. This gene exists in a cluster with four other
paralogous genes.
See also
*
Protein-arginine deiminase
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
{{gene-1-stub