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Purba Medinipur (English: ''East Medinipur'', alternative spelling ''Midnapore'') district is an
administrative unit Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
in the Indian state of
West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...
. It is the southernmost district of
Medinipur division Medinipur Division is one of the 5 divisions in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the westernmost division of West Bengal. Earlier it was a part of Burdwan division and was curved out from it in 2016. The port city of Haldia is located i ...
– one of the five
administrative divisions Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
of West Bengal. The headquarters in
Tamluk Tamluk () is a town and a municipality in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present ...
. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the Partition of Medinipur into
Purba Medinipur Purba Medinipur (English: ''East Medinipur'', alternative spelling ''Midnapore'') district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the southernmost district of Medinipur division – one of the five administrative d ...
and
Paschim Medinipur Paschim Medinipur district or West Midnapore district (also known as Midnapore West) is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the Partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba M ...
which lies at the northern and western border of it. The state of
Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...
is at the southwest border; the
Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between ...
lies in the south; the
Hooghly river The Bhagirathi Hooghly River (Anglicized alternatively spelled ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli'') or the 'Bhāgirathi-Hooghly', called the Ganga or the Kati-Ganga in mythological texts, is the eastern distributary of the Ganges River in West Bengal, Indi ...
and
South 24 Parganas district South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore. It is the largest district of West Bengal by ...
to the east;
Howrah district Howrah district (, ) is a district of the West Bengal state in eastern India. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanized area of West Bengal. The urbanised sectors gradually increase the slum populations. Howrah is the third smallest distric ...
to the
north-east The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...
;
Paschim Medinipur district Paschim Medinipur district or West Midnapore district (also known as Midnapore West) is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the Partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba M ...
to the west. Purba Medinipur is formed of the sub-divisions of Tamluk, Contai and Haldia of erstwhile
Medinipur district Midnapore district was a district of the state of West Bengal, India. This district was bifurcated on 1 January 2002 into the Purba Medinipur district and the Paschim Medinipur district. On 4 April 2017, the Jhargram subdivision of Paschim Medin ...
. Another sub-division, Egra has been created out of the erstwhile Contai sub-division during the partition of Medinipur. In 2011, the state government has proposed to rename the district as Tamralipta district after the ancient port city of
Tamralipta Tamralipta or Tamralipti ( pi, Tāmaliti) was a port city and capital of Suhma Kingdom in ancient Bengal, located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The Tamluk town in present-day Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, is generally identified as the sit ...
which used to lie near the modern district headquarters. Purba Medinipur saw many political movements during the
British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
. A parallel government named the Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar was formed during the
Quit India Movement The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Kranti Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in ...
in Tamluk. In 2007, Purba Medinipur witnessed the
Nandigram violence Nandigram Violence refers to the violence in Nandigram, West Bengal, India, in 2007 due to the land acquisition for a project taken up by the CPI(M)-led Government of West Bengal to create a chemical hub, a type of special economic zone (S ...
, an incident of police firing that killed 14 farmers.


History


Tamralipta

Tamralipta Tamralipta or Tamralipti ( pi, Tāmaliti) was a port city and capital of Suhma Kingdom in ancient Bengal, located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The Tamluk town in present-day Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, is generally identified as the sit ...
, the port in ancient India, is believed by scholars to have been around modern-day Tamluk. It is mentioned in the writings of
Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importanc ...
(150 AD), the Greco-Egyptian writer, as well as
Faxian Faxian (法顯 ; 337 CE – c. 422 CE), also referred to as Fa-Hien, Fa-hsien and Sehi, was a Chinese Buddhist monk and translator who traveled by foot from China to India to acquire Buddhist texts. Starting his arduous journey about age 60, h ...
and
Xuanzang Xuanzang (, ; 602–664), born Chen Hui / Chen Yi (), also known as Hiuen Tsang, was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making contributions to Chinese Buddhism, the travelogue of ...
, Chinese monks and travellers. It was the main port used by
Ashoka Ashoka (, ; also ''Asoka''; 304 – 232 BCE), popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was the third emperor of the Maurya Empire of Indian subcontinent during to 232 BCE. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, ...
, the
Mauryan The Maurya Empire, or the Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in the Indian subcontinent based in Magadha, having been founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, and existing in loose-knit fashion until ...
emperor. With too much siltation the port lost its importance around eighth century A.D.The supreme leader of Tamralipta Jatiya sarkar was Satish chandra Samanta.


Geography


Overview

Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower
Indo-Gangetic Plain The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain encompassing northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of northern and eastern India, around half of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangla ...
and
Eastern coastal plains The Eastern Coastal Plains is a wide stretch of landmass of India, lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It is wider and leveled than the Western Coastal Plains and stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the n ...
. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of
alluvium Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluv ...
and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 meters above the mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5  km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran), Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are
Haldi Haldi may refer to: * Ḫaldi, an Urartian god * ''Haldi'', Hindi/Punjabi/Bengali/Urdu/Gujarati name for the spice turmeric * Haldi, Estonia, village in Estonia * Haldi, Baltistan, a village in Pakistan * Haldi River Haldi River is a tributary o ...
, Rupnarayan,
Rasulpur Rasulpur is a village in Pakistan. Jalalpur Bhattian located on its road leads to Hafizabad.It has an area of around 2700 to 3000 Acres and Population of around 8000.It have boys and girls school.Health care center is also in working condition ...
, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area.


Major cities and towns

Major cities and towns include
Panskura Panskura is a town and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the banks of the Kangsabati River (variously known as Kasai and Cossye). Etymology 1. According to many references, the ...
,
Tamluk Tamluk () is a town and a municipality in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present ...
, Nandakumar,
Contai Contai is a coastal and subdivisional city and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Contai subdivision. It is the second most populated city of the district.According to the geologists, t ...
,
Egra Egra is a town in Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Egra subdivision. The ancient name of Egra was "Agrapattan". Geography Location Egra is located at . It has an average elevation o ...
, Haldia,
Mecheda Mecheda is a town in Shahid Matangini Block in West Bengal, India. The town is the entrance point of Purba Medinipur Dist. which lies upon the South Eastern Railway Zone and in proximity to Haldia, Tamluk, Digha and Contai, Egra. Education Me ...
,
Mahishadal Mahishadal is a town in Mahishadal CD block in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Mahishadal Rajbari Like other Raj families of East Midnapore, Mahisadal Raj also belonged to a Mahi ...
,
Digha Digha is a seaside resort town in the state of West Bengal, India. It lies in Purba Medinipur district and at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal. It has a low gradient with a shallow sand beach. It is a popular sea resort in West Bengal. Hi ...
,
Mandarmani Mandarmani is a seaside resort village in the state of West Bengal, India, and lies in East Midnapore district, at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal. It is one of the largest seaside resorts of West Bengal, fast-developing.Any inquiry or adva ...
,
Khejuri Khejuri (also spelled Khajuri) is a village and gram panchayat, in Khejuri II CD Block in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. History According to Binoy Ghosh, in an era when the Magh and Portug ...
,
Ramnagar Ramnagar may refer to the following places: Bangladesh * Ramnagar, Bangladesh, a village in Chittagong Division * Ramnagar Union, Jessore Sadar India Jammu and Kashmir * Ramnagar, Udhampur, a town in Jammu and Kashmir ** Ramnagar Fort Udha ...
,
Patashpur Patashpur is a Town in Patashpur II CD block in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. History According to Binoy Ghosh, the Bargis ruled in Patashpur for many years. At that time Patashpur was not ...
,
Kolaghat Kolaghat ( bn, কোলাঘাট) is a census town in Kolaghat CD Block, Tamluk subdivision of the Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Kolaghat is located at . It is located in the Panskura ...
,
Nandigram Nandigram is a census town in the Nandigram I Community Development Block of the Haldia subdivision in the Purba Medinipur district of the Indian state of West Bengal. In 2007, the West Bengal government allowed the Salim Group to set up a ch ...
.


Divisions


Administrative subdivisions

Purba Medinipur district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions: Tamluk subdivision consists of
Tamluk Tamluk () is a town and a municipality in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present ...
municipality,
Panskura Panskura is a town and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the banks of the Kangsabati River (variously known as Kasai and Cossye). Etymology 1. According to many references, the ...
municipality and seven community development blocks: Nandakumar, Moyna, Tamluk, Shahid Matangini, Panskura–I, Panskura–II and Chandipur (Nadigram–III). Haldia subdivision consists of Haldia municipality and five community development blocks: Mahishadal, Nandigram–I, Nandigram–II, Sutahata and Haldia. Egra subdivision consists of
Egra Egra is a town in Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Egra subdivision. The ancient name of Egra was "Agrapattan". Geography Location Egra is located at . It has an average elevation o ...
municipality and five community development blocks: Bhagawanpur–I,Egra–I, Egra–II, Pataspur–I and Pataspur–II. Contai subdivision consists of
Contai Contai is a coastal and subdivisional city and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Contai subdivision. It is the second most populated city of the district.According to the geologists, t ...
municipality and eight community development blocks: Kanthi–I, Kanthi–II, Kanthi–III, Khejuri–I, Khejuri–II, Ramnagar–I and Ramnagar–II, Bhagawanpur–II.
Tamluk Tamluk () is a town and a municipality in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present ...
is the district headquarters. There are 21 police stations, 25 development blocks, 5 municipalities and 223
gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...
s in this district. Other than in the municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 10 urban units: five municipalities and five
census town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
s. Panskura municipality was established in 2001.


Tamluk subdivision

* Two municipalities:
Tamluk Tamluk () is a town and a municipality in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present ...
and
Panskura Panskura is a town and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the banks of the Kangsabati River (variously known as Kasai and Cossye). Etymology 1. According to many references, the ...
* Nandakumar community development block consists of rural areas only with 12 gram panchayats. * Moyna community development block consists of rural areas with 11 gram panchayats and one census town: Garsafat. *
Tamluk Tamluk () is a town and a municipality in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 12 gram panchayats and two census towns: Anantapur and
Dakshin Baguan Dakshin Baguan is a census town in Tamluk CD Block in Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Dakshin Baguan is located at . Urbanisation 94.08% of the population of Tamluk subdivision live in the rur ...
. * Sahid Matangini community development block consists of rural areas with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns:
Kakdihi Kakdihi is a census town in Sahid Matangini CD Block in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Kakdihi is located at . Urbanisation 94.08% of the population of Tamluk subdivision live in the rural a ...
and Shantipur. *
Panskura Panskura is a town and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the banks of the Kangsabati River (variously known as Kasai and Cossye). Etymology 1. According to many references, the ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 14 gram panchayats. *
Kolaghat Kolaghat ( bn, কোলাঘাট) is a census town in Kolaghat CD Block, Tamluk subdivision of the Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Kolaghat is located at . It is located in the Panskura ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 13 gram panchayats and four census towns:
Kolaghat Kolaghat ( bn, কোলাঘাট) is a census town in Kolaghat CD Block, Tamluk subdivision of the Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Kolaghat is located at . It is located in the Panskura ...
, Amalhara, Mihitikri and Kharisha. * Chandipur community development block consists of rural areas with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: Kotbar and Ershal.


Haldia subdivision

* One municipality: Haldia. *
Mahishadal Mahishadal is a town in Mahishadal CD block in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Mahishadal Rajbari Like other Raj families of East Midnapore, Mahisadal Raj also belonged to a Mahi ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 11 gram panchayats and one census town: Garh Kamalpur. *
Nandigram I Nandigram I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Historical background The people of Nandigram, along with others in ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 10 gram panchayats and one census town:
Nandigram Nandigram is a census town in the Nandigram I Community Development Block of the Haldia subdivision in the Purba Medinipur district of the Indian state of West Bengal. In 2007, the West Bengal government allowed the Salim Group to set up a ch ...
. *
Nandigram II Nandigram II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Historical background The people of Nandigram, along with others in ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 7 gram panchayats and one census town: Ashadtalya. *
Sutahata Sutahata is in Ward No. 1 of Haldia municipality in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography CD block HQ The headquarters of the Sutahata CD block is located at Sutahata. Police station ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 6 gram panchayats and one census town: Barda * Haldia community development block consists of rural areas only with 4 gram panchayats.


Egra subdivision

* One municipality:
Egra Egra is a town in Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Egra subdivision. The ancient name of Egra was "Agrapattan". Geography Location Egra is located at . It has an average elevation o ...
. *
Bhagabanpur I Bhagabanpur I (also spelt as Bhagawanpur) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Bhagwanpur is a historical place. A myth ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 10  gram panchayats and two census towns: Benudiya and Hincha Gerya. *
Egra I Egra I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain and Ea ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 8  gram panchayats. *
Egra II Egra II is a Community development block in India, community development block that forms an administrative division in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. Geography Pu ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 8  gram panchayats. *
Patashpur I Patashpur I (also spelled as Potashpur) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part of the ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 9  gram panchayats. *
Patashpur II Patashpur II (also spelled as Potashpur) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.The headquarters in Pratapdighi. Geography Purba ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 7  gram panchayats.


Contai subdivision

* One municipality:
Contai Contai is a coastal and subdivisional city and a municipality in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Contai subdivision. It is the second most populated city of the district.According to the geologists, t ...
. *
Contai I Contai I (also known as Kanthi I block) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part of t ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 8  gram panchayats. * Deshapran community development block consists of rural areas with 8  gram panchayats and one census town: Basantia. *
Contai III Contai III (also known as Kanthi III block) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 8  gram panchayats. *
Khejuri I Khejuri I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 6  gram panchayats. *
Khejuri II Khejuri II is a Community Development Block that forms an administrative division in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Khijri Khijri (or Khejuri) today is a small village about 125 kilom ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 5  gram panchayats. *
Ramnagar I Ramnagar I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain a ...
community development block consists of rural areas with 9  gram panchayats and one census town: Khadalgobra. *
Ramnagar II Ramnagar II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Pla ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 8  gram panchayats. *
Bhagabanpur II Bhagabanpur II (also spelt as Bhagawanpur) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Purba Medinipur district is ...
community development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats.


Assembly Constituencies

Purba Medinipur contains 16 assembly constituencies, equally divided between two Lok Sabha constituencies Tamluk and Kanthi. The MP for Tamluk is
Dibyendu Adhikari Dibyendu Adhikari (born 24 December 1976) is an Indian politician from the state of West Bengal in India. He has been elected to Lok Sabha from Tamluk in 2019 as a member of Trinamool Congress. Dibyendu Adhikari's father Sisir Adhikari and elde ...
(AITC) while the MP for Kanthi is
Sisir Adhikari Sisir Kumar Adhikari (born 19 September 1941) is an Indian politician who represented Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency from 2009 till 2021. He is a former Union Minister of State for Rural Development in the Manmohan Singh government. He was th ...
(BJP). These are members of the Adhikari family which has dominated politics in the district whose prominent member has been Suvendu Adhikari, now Leader of Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.


Demographics

According to the 2011 census Purba Medinipur district has a
population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...
of 5,095,875, roughly equal to the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East). It is located at th ...
or the US state of
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...
. This gives it a ranking of 20th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its
population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...
over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.32%. Purba Medinipur has a
sex ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species devia ...
of 936
females Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females a ...
for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.60%. Scheduled Castes made up 14.63% of the district's population.
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
is the predominant language, spoken by 98.31% of the population. The dialect around
Kanthi A gaurav ''kanthi'', or simply ''kanthi'' ( sa, कण्ठी, ''kaṇṭhī'', . "necklace"), is an basil-seed threaded string worn by some adherents of Hinduism. In Vaishnavism Followers of Gaudiya Vaishnavism wear ''kanthi malas'' made of '' ...
is heavily influenced by nearby dialect of Odia and along the Odisha border, the two languages cannot be distinguished


Religion

Hindus are the majority religion in the district. Muslims are the second largest religion.


Economy

In 2006 the
Ministry of Panchayati Raj The Ministry of Panchayati Raj is a branch of the Government of India. Ministry of Panchayati Raj looks into all matters relating to the Panchayati Raj and Panchayati Raj Institutions. It was created in May 2004. The ministry is headed by a m ...
named Purba Medinipur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 11 districts in West Bengal receiving funds from the
Backward Regions Grant Fund Backward or Backwards is a relative direction. Backwards or Sdrawkcab (the word "backwards" with its letters reversed) may also refer to: * "Backwards" (''Red Dwarf''), episode of sci-fi TV sitcom ''Red Dwarf'' ** ''Backwards'' (novel), a nov ...
Programme (BRGF).


Literacy and education

According to the 2011 census, the district has a literacy rate of 87.66 up from 80.20% of 2001 census. As per 2001 census, this district had a male literacy rate of 89.1% and female literacy rate was 70.7%. The education index of this district is 0.74 and it is ranked first in literacy in comparison to other districts of
West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...
. Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Purba Medinipur district for the year 2013–2014. It may be noted that primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools, and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes, etc.; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, polytechnics, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training, and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc.


Healthcare

The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in Purba Medinipur district.


Tourism

The coastal region of Purba Medinipur district is in the face of river Hoogly. With good coastal, landform, seasonal, rural and heritage diversity, it offers the potential for tourism in its typical coastlines and rural areas. The famous tourist spots are


Tamluk (Tamralipta)

Tamluk, district headquarters of Purba Medinipur district is situated on the bank of river Rupnarayan which is a very popular picnic spot. The other places are: * Temple of Devi Barghobhima is an 1150 years old Kali temple and is considered one of the 51 Shakti Peethas. According to Puran, the gorali of left feet of Sati/Parvati fell here when Lord Vishnu cut the sacred body of Goddess Sati into several pieces to make Lord Shiva quiet. *Archeological Museum of Tamluk is a must-see place. It contains artifacts of tamra (copper) and has preserved a tamralipta with Greek inscriptions. It preserves the historical heritage of Bengal. *Rakhit Bati is another important place to visit in Tamluk. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was famous as a secret centre of the then revolutionary parties ''Anusilan Samiti'' and ''Gupta Samiti''. * There are many other ancient temples in Tamluk town to visit, i.e., Jagannath Temple, Hari Temple, Mahaprabhu Temple, Ram Jiu Temple, Rajbari Temple, etc.


Panskura

It is a municipality upgraded in 2002. It is one of the busiest towns in East Midnapore district. Panskura is known as "Valley of Flowers" with large supplies of flowers to other places. Panskura is also known for its green vegetables wholesale market near the
Panskura Junction railway station : Panskura Junction is a railway junction station on the Howrah–Kharagpur line and is located in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves Panskura. History left, Panskura Junction railway station The Howrah–Kh ...
. It is open every day after 10 pm until 7 am the next morning with a regular gathering of lakhs of people. Panskura is one of the busiest railway stations which extends up to Digha or Haldia directly through this station or by bus. The river Kansabati is a good picnic spot and Mahakali (Bhavatarini) temple nearby old Panskura bazar is a pilgrimage spot. Panskura is also well known for its cultural side. Many cultural schools and institutes are there. Panskura is famous for the recitation institute Chandabani ন্দবাণী


Mahishadal

Mahishadal is only 16  km from Tamluk town where tourists can visit the Mahishadal Rajbari, the museum there and Gopal Jiu temple. Geonkhali is a place 8  km from Mahishadal, a perfect picnic spot at the junction (mohona) of three rivers.


Digha

Digha Digha is a seaside resort town in the state of West Bengal, India. It lies in Purba Medinipur district and at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal. It has a low gradient with a shallow sand beach. It is a popular sea resort in West Bengal. Hi ...
is a seaside resort town of Purba Medinipur district and, at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal, is the most popular seaside resort of
West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...
. Renowned for its beaches, Digha is visited by thousands of tourists every year.


Mandarmani

Mandarmani is a small virgin beach on the Bay of Bengal under Kalindi Gram Panchayat, only 14  km from Digha-Contai Road from Chaulkhola Bus Stop. It is a small fishing harbour and a fast developing tourist spot.


Haldia

Haldia, a city and a municipality in Purba Medinipur, is a major seaport approximately southwest of Kolkata near the mouth of the Hooghly River, one of the distributaries of the Ganges. It is being developed as a major trade port for Kolkata, intended mainly for bulk cargoes.


Notes


References


External links

*
Legacy of Midnapore (Medinipur, Midnapur, Purba Medinipur, Paschim Medinipur, East Midnapore, West Midnapore)
*

{{Authority control Districts of West Bengal