''Punctum'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of very small air-breathing
land snails,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s or
micromollusks in the subfamily
Punctinae of the family
Punctidae
Punctidae, common name the "dot snails" or "pinhead snails", is a family of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra (according to the taxonomy of the Ga ...
, the dot snails.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Punctum Morse, 1864. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=866756 on 2022-03-03]
Distribution
This genus is found throughout the
Holarctic
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...
ecozone, and also in
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
and
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
.
Species
The genus ''Punctum'' includes the following species:
The type species is ''Helix minutissima''
Lea, 1841
* ''
Punctum abbadianum''
(Bourguignat, 1883)
* ''
Punctum adami''
Bruggen & Goethem, 2001
* † ''
Punctum alveus''
Pierce, 1992
* ''
Punctum amblygonum''
(Reinhardt, 1877)
* ''
Punctum apertum''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum atomus''
Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum azoricum''
De Winter, 1988["Species in genus ''Punctum''"](_blank)
(n=2). AnimalBase, accessed 5 July 2011.
* ''
Punctum blandianum''
Pilsbry, 1900
* ''
Punctum boreale''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
* ''
Punctum bristoli''
(Gulick,1904)
* ''
Punctum brucei''
(Jickeli, 1874)
* ''
Punctum californicum''
Pilsbry, 1898
* ''
Punctum camerunense''
de Winter, 2017
* ''
Punctum depressum''
Odhner, 1922
* ''
Punctum elachistum''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum hainanensis''
(Möllendorff, 1887)
* ''
Punctum hannai''
B. Roth, 1985
* ''
Punctum horneri''
Ancey, 1904
* ''
Punctum infans''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum japonicum''
Pilsbry, 1900
* ''
Punctum kilimanjaricum''
Verdcourt, 1978
* ''
Punctum lepta''
(Westerlund, 1883)
* ''
Punctum lozeki''
Horsák & Meng, 2018
* ''
Punctum micropleuros''
(Paget, 1854)
* ''
Punctum minutissimum
''Punctum minutissimum'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Shell description
The shell of ''Punctum minutissimum'' is slightly translucent and ...
''
I. Lea, 1841 - but ''Helix minutissima'' may be considered as a synonym of ''Punctum pygmaeum''
* ''
Punctum mokotoense''
Abdou & Bouchet, 2000
* ''
Punctum morseanum''
Pilsbry, 1902
* ''
Punctum nimbaense''
de Winter, 2017
* † ''
Punctum oligocaenicum''
Zinndorf, 1901
* ''
Punctum orphana''
(Heude, 1882)
* ''
Punctum pallidum''
Connolly, 1922[Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". '']Journal of Molluscan Studies
The ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Malacological Society of London, covering research in malacology. '' 76(1): 87-100. .
* † ''
Punctum parvulum''
Gottschick, 1920
* † ''
Punctum parvulum''
A. B. Leonard, 1972 (unreplaced junior homonym; junior homonym of † ''Punctum parvulum''
Gottschick, 1920; no replacement name is available))
* † ''
Punctum patagonicum''
Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016
* ''
Punctum petiti''
Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1971
* ''
Punctum polynesicum''
Solem, 1983
* † ''
Punctum propygmaeum''
Andreae, 1904
* † ''
Punctum pumilio''
Jooss, 1918
* ''
Punctum pygmaeum
''Punctum pygmaeum'' is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Shell description
For terms see gastropod shell.
The shell is very small, 1.2-1. ...
''
( Draparnaud, 1801)[Draparnaud J. P. R. 1801. ''Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France''. pp. -2 1-116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson).] -
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ...
* ''
Punctum randolphi''
Dall, 1895
* ''
Punctum rota''
Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum seychellarum''
Gerlach, 1998
* ''
Punctum smithi''
Morrison, 1935
* ''
Punctum taiwanicum''
Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905
* ''
Punctum ugandanum''
(E. A. Smith, 1903)
* ''
Punctum ussuriense''
Likharev & Rammelmeyer, 1952
* ''
Punctum vitreum''
H. B. Baker, 1930
;Synonyms:
* ''Punctum (Toltecia)''
Pilsbry, 1926: synonym of ''
Paralaoma''
Iredale, 1913
* ''Punctum abyssinicum''
(Jickeli, 1874): synonym of ''
Trachycystis abyssinica''
(Jickeli, 1874)
* ''Punctum clappi''
Pilsbry, 1898: synonym of ''
Planogyra clappi''
(Pilsbry, 1898) (original combination)
* ''Punctum conicum''
Odhner, 1922: synonym of ''
Sinployea conica''
(Odhner, 1922) (original combination)
* ''Punctum conspectum''
(Bland, 1865): synonym of ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Punctum cryophilum''
(E. von Martens, 1865): synonym of ''Toltecia pusilla''
(Lowe, 1831): synonym of ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''Punctum homalospira''
(Morelet, 1883): synonym of ''
Psichion homalospira''
(Morelet, 1883) (superseded combination)
* ''Punctum hottentotum''
(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891): synonym of ''
Paralaoma hottentota''
(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891) (superseded combination)
* ''Punctum lederi''
(O. Boettger, 1880): synonym of ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (invalid combination)
* † ''Punctum victoris''
(Michaud, 1862): synonym of † ''
Lucilla victoris''
(Michaud, 1862)
References
* Fujie, A. (2000). Holocene Fossil Assemblages of Minute Land Molluscs from Sand Dunes on Kikaijima lsland in the Amami Archipelago, Japan. Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan). 59 (4): 317-324
External links
AnimalBase infoMorse, E. S. (1864). Observations on the terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, including a catalogue of all the species of terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca known to inhabit the state. Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. 1(1): 1-63, pls 1-10Pfeiffer, L. (1878-1881). Nomenclator heliceorum viventium. [Posthumous work edited by S. Clessin Fischer: Cassel. 617 pp. See Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 for section dates. pp. 1–64, 1878; 65–192, 1879; 193–400, 1879–80; 401–546, 1881; 547–617, 1881]
Gastropod genera
Punctidae
{{Punctidae-stub