Pterostichinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

ground beetle Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal f ...

s (

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Carabidae). It belongs to the advanced harpaline assemblage, and if these are circumscribed ''

sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

'' as a single subfamily, Pterostichinae are downranked to a tribe Pterostichini. However, as the former Pterostichitae supertribe of the Harpalinae as loosely circumscribed does seem to constitute a lineage rather distinct from '' Harpalus'', its core group is here considered to be the present subfamily and the Harpalinae are defined more narrowly. They are usually mid-sized and rather stout ground beetles. Coloration is typically dark and without conspicuous patterns, but often with a strong sheen like polished metal. They are widely distributed and inhabit a wide range of terrestrial

habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

s. Unlike the more basal ground beetles which only eat small animals, the Pterostichinae include a large proportion of

omnivorous An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nut ...

or even

herbivorous A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthpar ...

taxa.

Systematics

This group includes the following tribes and genera: Tribe Abacetini Chaudoir, 1872 * '' Abacetus'' Dejean, 1828 * ''

Abacidus ''Abacidus'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Euro ...

'' LeConte, 1873 * ''

Aristopus ''Aristopus'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Eur ...

'' Laferte-Senectere, 1853 * ''

Celioinkosa ''Cosmodiscus'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in E ...

'' Straneo, 1951 * ''

Chlaeminus ''Chlaeminus'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Eu ...

'' Motschulsky, 1865 * ''

Colpodichius ''Colpodichius platyderoides'' is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America ...

'' Straneo, 1952 * ''

Cosmodiscus ''Cosmodiscus'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in E ...

'' Sloane, 1907 * ''

Cyrtomoscelis ''Cyrtomoscelis'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in ...

'' Chaudoir, 1874 * '' Distrigidius'' Jeannel, 1948 * '' Ecnomolaus'' Bates, 1892 * '' Haptoderidius'' Straneo, 1975 * ''

Haptoderodes ''Haptoderodes'' is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in ...

'' Straneo, 1986 * '' Holconotus'' Schmidt-Goebel, 1846 * '' Inkosa'' Peringuey, 1926 * '' Mateuellus'' Deuve, 1990 * '' Metabacetus'' Bates, 1892 * '' Metaxellus'' Straneo, 1960 * '' Metaxys'' Chaudoir, 1857 * '' Novillidius'' Straneo, 1941 * '' Oodinkosa'' Straneo, 1939 * '' Ophonichius'' Straneo, 1942 * '' Pediomorphus'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Pioprosopus'' Tschitscherine, 1899 * '' Pollicobius'' Vinson, 1939 * '' Prostalomus'' Basilewsky, 1950 * '' Pseudabacetus'' Burgeon, 1935 * '' Pterostillichus'' Straneo, 1949 * '' Rhagadillius'' Straneo, 1951 * '' Tiferonia'' Darlington, 1962 * '' Trachelocyphoides'' Alluaud, 1934 * '' Trachelocyphus'' Tschitscherine, 1900 Tribe Catapieseini Bates, 1882 * '' Catapiesis'' Solier, 1835 * '' Homalomorpha'' Brulle, 1835 Tribe Chaetodactylini Tschitscherine, 1903 * '' Chaetodactyla'' Tschitscherine, 1897 Tribe Cnemalobini Germain, 1911 * '' Cnemalobus'' Guerin-Meneville, 1838 Tribe Cratocerini Lacordaire, 1854 * '' Brachidius'' Chaudoir, 1852 * '' Cratocerus'' Dejean, 1829 * '' Oxyglychus'' Straneo, 1938 Tribe Drimostomatini Chaudoir, 1872 * '' Abacaelostus'' Straneo, 1952 * '' Andrewesinulus'' Straneo, 1938 * '' Apsidocnemus'' Alluaud, 1936 * '' Barylaus'' Liebherr, 1985 * '' Caecocaelus'' Straneo, 1949 * '' Caelostomus'' W.S. MacLeay, 1825 * '' Camptogenys'' Tschitscherine, 1899 * '' Capabatus'' Csiki, 1930 * '' Crenulostrigus'' Straneo, 1942 * '' Cyrtolaus'' Bates, 1882 * '' Dactyleurys'' Tschitscherine, 1899 * '' Dactylinius'' Straneo, 1941 * '' Diachipteryx'' Alluaud, 1926 * '' Diceromerus'' Chaudoir, 1872 * '' Dromistomus'' Jeannel, 1948 * '' Drymonaxus'' Straneo, 1941 * '' Eurystomis'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Feostoma'' Straneo, 1941 * '' Hemitelestus'' Alluaud, 1895 * '' Hoplizomenus'' Chaudoir, 1872 * '' Leleuporites'' Straneo, 1960 * '' Madapelmus'' Dajoz, 1985 * '' Monodryxus'' Straneo, 1942 * '' Pachycaecus'' Straneo, 1971 * '' Pachyroxochus'' Straneo, 1942 * '' Platyxythrius'' Straneo, 1942 * '' Stegazopteryx'' Will, 2004 * '' Stomonaxellus'' Tschitscherine, 1901 * '' Strigomerodes'' Straneo, 1939 * '' Strigomerus'' Chaudoir, 1872 * '' Trichillinus'' Straneo, 1938 Tribe Microcheilini Jeannel, 1948 * '' Microcheila'' Brulle, 1834 Tribe Morionini Brulle, 1835 * '' Buderes'' Murray, 1857 * '' Hyperectenus'' Alluaud, 1935 * '' Hyperion'' Castelnau, 1834 * '' Megamorio'' Chaudoir, 1880 * ''

Morion Morion may refer to: * Morion (helmet), a type of military helmet * Morion (mineral), a variety of smoky quartz * ''Morion'' (beetle), a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the C ...

'' Latreille, 1810 * '' Morionidius'' Chaudoir, 1880 * '' Moriosomus'' Motschulsky, 1864 * '' Platynodes'' Westwood, 1846 * '' Stereostoma'' Murray, 1857 Tribe Pterostichini Bonelli, 1810 (including Metiini) * '' Abacillius'' Straneo, 1949 * '' Abacillodes'' Straneo, 1988 * '' Abacoleptus'' Fauvel, 1903 * '' Abacomorphus'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Abacophrastus'' Will, 2011 * '' Abacops'' Tschitscherine, 1902 * '' Abaris'' Dejean, 1831 * '' Abax'' Bonelli, 1810 * '' Abropus'' Waterhouse, 1842 * '' Acanthoferonia'' Moore, 1965 * '' Adrimus'' Bates, 1871 * '' Allotriopus'' Bates, 1882 * '' Antarctiola'' Straneo, 1977 * '' Apsaustodon'' Tschitscherine, 1901 * '' Argutoridius'' Chaudoir, 1876 * '' Aristochroa'' Tschitscherine, 1898 * '' Aristochroodes'' Marcillac, 1993 * '' Aulacopodus'' Britton, 1940 * '' Basilewskya'' Straneo, 1948 * '' Blennidus'' Motschulsky, 1865 * '' Blenniventer'' Straneo, 1986 * '' Bothynoproctus'' Tschitscherine, 1900 * '' Camptoscelis'' Dejean, 1828 * '' Castelnaudia'' Tschitscherine, 1890 * '' Catadromus'' W.S. Macleay, 1825 * '' Cedrorum'' Borges & Serrano, 1993 * '' Cephalostichus'' Straneo, 1977 * '' Cerabilia'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Chaetauchenium'' Tschitscherine, 1900 * '' Chalcochrous'' Chaudoir, 1838 * '' Conchitella'' Moore, 1962 * '' Cophosomorpha'' Tschitscherine, 1890 * '' Cratoferonia'' Tschitscherine, 1902 * '' Cratogaster'' Blanchard, 1843 * '' Cyclotrachelus'' Chaudoir, 1838 * '' Cynthidia'' Chaudoir, 1873 * '' Darodilia'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Eucamptognathus'' Chaudoir, 1837 * '' Euchroa'' Brulle, 1834 * '' Eudromus'' Klug, 1835 * '' Eumara'' Tschitscherine, 1901 * '' Euryabax'' Fauvel, 1903 * '' Euryaptus'' Bates, 1892 * '' Feroniola'' Tschitscherine, 1900 * '' Feronista'' Moore, 1965 * '' Gastrellarius'' Casey, 1918 * '' Gastrogmus'' Sloane, 1915 * '' Gourlayia'' Britton, 1964 * '' Haplobothynus'' Tschitscherine, 1901 * '' Haploferonia'' Darlington, 1962 * '' Harpostomus'' Chaudoir, 1856 * '' Henrotius'' Jeannel, 1953 * '' Holcaspis'' Chaudoir, 1865 * '' Homalonesiota'' Maindron, 1908 * '' Hybothecus'' Chaudoir, 1874 * '' Kuschelinus'' Straneo, 1963 * '' Leiradira'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Lesticus'' Dejean, 1828 * '' Liopasa'' Tschitscherine, 1901 * '' Litarthrum'' Sloane, 1915 * '' Lobobrachus'' Sharp, 1885 * '' Lophoglossus'' LeConte, 1852 * '' Loxandrus'' LeConte, 1852 * '' Loxodactylus'' Chaudoir, 1865 * '' Loxogenius'' Sloane, 1907 * '' Marsyas'' Putzeys, 1845 * '' Mecynognathus'' W.J.MacLeay, 1873 * '' Megadromus'' Motschulsky, 1865 * '' Meropalpus'' Tschitscherine, 1900 * '' Metius'' Curtis, 1839 * '' Metoncidus'' Bates, 1871 * '' Microcephalus'' Dejean, 1828 * '' Mireius'' Straneo, 1984 * '' Molopidius'' Jeannel, 1942 * '' Molopinus'' Jeannel, 1948 * '' Molops'' Bonelli, 1810 * '' Myas'' Sturm, 1826 * '' Nebrioferonia'' Straneo, 1939 * '' Nelidus'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Neoferonia'' Britton, 1940 * '' Neotalus'' Will, 2002 * '' Nirmala'' Andrewes, 1930 * '' Notabax'' Moore, 1976 * '' Notolestus'' Sloane, 1894 * '' Notonomus'' Chaudoir, 1862 * '' Nurus'' Motschulsky, 1866 * '' Oberthueria'' Vuillet, 1911 * '' Ogmophora'' Tschitscherine, 1896 * '' Oribazus'' Chaudoir, 1874 * '' Orthomus'' Chaudoir, 1838 * '' Oscadytes'' Lagar Mascaro, 1975 * '' Oxycrepis'' Reiche, 1843 * '' Pachymorphus'' Chaudoir, 1838 * '' Pachythecus'' Chaudoir, 1874 * '' Paniestichus'' Will, 2011 * '' Paranurus'' Tschitscherine, 1901 * '' Pareuryaptus'' Dubault, Lassalle & Roux, 2008 * '' Parhypates'' Motschulsky, 1866 * '' Pedius'' Motschulsky, 1850 * '' Percolaus'' Bates, 1882 * '' Percus'' Bonelli, 1810 * '' Peyrieraselus'' Deuve, 1981 * '' Phaenaulax'' Tschitscherine, 1898 * '' Piesmus'' LeConte, 1852 * '' Platycaelus'' Blanchard, 1843 * '' Platysmodes'' Fauvel, 1903 * '' Plocamostethus'' Britton, 1940 * '' Poecilinus'' Jeannel, 1948 * '' Poecilus'' Bonelli, 1810 * '' Prosopogmus'' Chaudoir, 1865 * '' Psegmatopterus'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Pseudabarys'' Chaudoir, 1873 * '' Pseudoceneus'' Tschitscherine, 1891 * ''

Pterostichus ''Pterostichus'' is a very large genus of ground beetles with a Holarctic distribution in the subfamily Harpalinae. It has over 1,100 species. The beetles are predatory, but sometimes feed on strawberries. They can be found under rocks and pre ...

'' Bonelli, 1810 * '' Rhabdotus'' Chaudoir, 1865 * '' Rhytisternus'' Chaudoir, 1865 * '' Sarticus'' Motschulsky, 1865 * '' Secatophus'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Setalidius'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Setalimorphus'' Sloane, 1895 * '' Setalis'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Simodontus'' Chaudoir, 1843 * '' Speluncarius'' Reitter, 1886 * '' Speomolops'' Patrizi, 1955 * '' Sphodrosomus'' Perroud & Montrouzier, 1864 * '' Stereocerus'' Kirby, 1837 * '' Steropanus'' Fairmaire, 1888 * '' Sthenocranion'' Tschitscherine, 1899 * '' Stolonis'' Motschulsky, 1866 * '' Stomis'' Clairville, 1806 * '' Straneostichus'' Sciaky, 1994 * '' Styracoderus'' Chaudoir, 1874 * '' Taphoxomimus'' Straneo, 1975 * '' Tapinopterus'' Schaum, 1858 * '' Teratotarsa'' Tschitscherine, 1893 * '' Teropha'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Trichosternus'' Chaudoir, 1865 * '' Trigonognatha'' Motschulsky, 1858 * '' Trigonotoma'' Dejean, 1828 * '' Trirammatus'' Chaudoir, 1838 * '' Tropidocerus'' Chaudoir, 1878 * '' Wahlbergiana'' Bousquet, 2002 * ''

Xenion ''Xenion ignitum'' is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is the sole species of the monotypic genus ''Xenion''. Subspecies These two subspecies belong to the species ''Xenion ignitum'': * ''Xenion ignitum ignitum'' (Kraatz, 1 ...

'' Tschitscherine, 1902 * '' Zariquieya'' Jeannel, 1924 * '' Zeodera'' Castelnau, 1867 * '' Zeopoecilus'' Sharp, 1886 Tribe Zabrini Bonelli, 1810 * '' Amara'' Bonelli, 1810 * '' Pseudamara'' Lindroth, 1968 * '' Zabrus'' Clairville, 1806

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q142166 Carabidae subfamilies Taxa named by Franco Andrea Bonelli