''Psydrax'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Rubiaceae. It consists of
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s,
shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
s, and a few
liana
A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ta ...
s in the
paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the ancient ...
.
Taxonomy
The genus was
named by
Joseph Gaertner
Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792).
Biography
He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller. ...
in 1788 in his book, ''
De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum
''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'', also known by its standard botanical abbreviation ''Fruct. Sem. Pl.'', is a three-volume botanic treatise by Joseph Gaertner. The first volume was published in December 1788. The second volume was published ...
''.
''Psydrax'' is a
Greek word meaning a blister or bump. Gaertner may have chosen this name to refer to the warty fruit or the pimply seeds of some species.
The
name
A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal ...
was hardly ever used after Gaertner proposed it because most authors placed these species in ''
Canthium''. ''Psydrax'' was reinstated in 1985 and 37 African species were transferred to it from ''
Canthium''.
The monospecific genus ''Mesoptera'' was also sunk into ''Psydrax''.
''Psydrax'' was shown to be
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
in a
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
study
Study or studies may refer to:
General
* Education
**Higher education
* Clinical trial
* Experiment
* Observational study
* Research
* Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning
Other
* Study (art), a drawing or series of drawi ...
.
It is closely related to ''
Afrocanthium
''Afrocanthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of deciduous, unarmed trees, and shrubs. They are native to East Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa.
Taxonomy
''Afrocanthium'' was first recogniz ...
'', ''
Cyclophyllum'' and ''
Keetia'', genera that have been
segregated from ''
Canthium''.
Species
* '' Psydrax acutiflora'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax ammophila'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax amplifolia'' (Elmer)A.P.Davis
* ''Psydrax ankotekonensis
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax approximatus'' ( Korth.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong
* '' Psydrax arnoldiana'' (De Wild. & T.Durand) Bridson
* '' Psydrax attenuata'' (R.Br. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax austro-orientalis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax banksii'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax bathieana'' (Cavaco)A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax bridsoniana'' Cheek & Sonké
* '' Psydrax calcicola'' (Craib)A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax capensis'' J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* '' Psydrax cymigera'' (Valeton)S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* ''Psydrax dicoccos
''Psydrax dicoccos'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found from southeast China to tropical Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in ...
'' Gaertn.
* '' Psydrax dunlapii'' (Hutch. & Dalziel) Bridson
* ''Psydrax esirensis
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum' ...
'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax fasciculata'' (Blume) A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax faulknerae'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax ficiformis'' (Hook.f.) Bridson
* ''Psydrax forsteri
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...
'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax fragrantissima'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax gilletii'' (De Wild.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax graciliflora'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax grandifolia'' (Thwaites) Ridsdale
* '' Psydrax graniticola'' (Chiov.) Bridson
* ''Psydrax gynochthodes
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...
'' (Baill.) Arriola, Yayen & Alejandro
* ''Psydrax horizontalis
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...
'' (SChumach. & Thonn.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax johnsonii'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax kaessneri'' (S.Moore) Bridson
* '' Psydrax kibuwae'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax kingii'' (Hook.f.) Bridson & Springate
* ''Psydrax kraussioides
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...
'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax lamprophylla'' (F.Muell.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax latifolia'' (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax laxiflorens'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax lepida'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax livida'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax locuples'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax longipes'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax longistyla'' (Merr.) A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax lucidulus'' ( Miq.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong
* ''Psydrax lynesii
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...
'' Bullock ex Bridson
* '' Psydrax maingayi'' (Hook.f.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax manambyana'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax manensis'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax martini'' (Dunkley) Bridson
* '' Psydrax micans'' (Bullock) Bridson
* '' Psydrax moandensis'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax moggii'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax montana'' (Thwaites) Ridsdale
* '' Psydrax montigena'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax multiflorus'' Arriola & Alejandro
* '' Psydrax mutimushii'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax nitida'' (Craib) K.M.Wong
* ''Psydrax obovata
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum' ...
'' (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax occidentalis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax odorata'' (G.Forst.
Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (, 27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold F ...
) A.C.Sm.
Albert Charles Smith (April 5, 1906 – May 23, 1999) was an American botanist who served as director of the National Museum of Natural History and Arnold Arboretum and was the former president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
Life ...
& S.P.Darwin
* '' Psydrax oleifolia'' (Hook.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax pallida'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax palma'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax paludosa'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax paradoxa'' (Virot) Mouly
* '' Psydrax parviflora'' (Afzel.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax pendulina'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax pergracilis'' (Bourd.) Ridsdale
* '' Psydrax polhillii'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax puberula'' Arriola & Alejandro
* '' Psydrax recurvifolia'' (Bullock) Bridson
* '' Psydrax reticulata'' (C.T.White) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* ''Psydrax richardsiae
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...
'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax rigidula'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax robertsoniae'' Bridson
* ''Psydrax sabahensi
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum' ...
'' Mahyuni
* '' Psydrax saligna'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax sambiranensis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax schimperiana'' (A.Rich.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax sepikensis'' A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax shuguriensis'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax splendens'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax suaveolens'' (S.Moore) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax subcordata'' (DC.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax suborbicularis'' (C.T.White) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax sumatranus'' ( Miq.) Mahyuni
* ''Psydrax tropica
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax umbellata'' (Wight) Bridson
* '' Psydrax undulatifolius'' K.M.Wong & Mahyuni
* '' Psydrax virgata'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax whitei'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax wongii'' Mahyuni
References
External links
World Checklist of Rubiaceae
''Psydrax''
At
''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum''
At: Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical c ...
''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum''
at Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...
''Psydrax''
At
Plant Name Query
At
IPNI
CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: M-Q
At
Botany & Plant Science
At
Life Science
At
CRC Press
''Psydrax''
A
Index Nominum Genericorum
At
At
''Psydrax''
At
List of Genera
At
Rubiaceae
At
List of families
At
Families and Genera in GRIN
At
Queries
At
GRIN taxonomy for plants
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3595355
Rubiaceae genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot