''Psydrax'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...

. It consists of

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s, and a few

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ta ...

s in the

paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the ancient ...

Taxonomy

The genus was named by

Joseph Gaertner Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792). Biography He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller. ...

in 1788 in his book, ''

De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'', also known by its standard botanical abbreviation ''Fruct. Sem. Pl.'', is a three-volume botanic treatise by Joseph Gaertner. The first volume was published in December 1788. The second volume was published ...

''. ''Psydrax'' is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

word meaning a blister or bump. Gaertner may have chosen this name to refer to the warty fruit or the pimply seeds of some species. The

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal ...

was hardly ever used after Gaertner proposed it because most authors placed these species in ''

Canthium ''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny. Distribution ''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...

''. ''Psydrax'' was reinstated in 1985 and 37 African species were transferred to it from ''

''. The monospecific genus ''Mesoptera'' was also sunk into ''Psydrax''. ''Psydrax'' was shown to be

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

in a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study Study or studies may refer to: General * Education **Higher education * Clinical trial * Experiment * Observational study * Research * Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning Other * Study (art), a drawing or series of drawi ...

. It is closely related to ''

Afrocanthium ''Afrocanthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of deciduous, unarmed trees, and shrubs. They are native to East Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa. Taxonomy ''Afrocanthium'' was first recognize ...

'', ''

Cyclophyllum ''Cyclophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found from New Guinea, Australia and on islands in many parts of the Pacific. Species * '' Cyclophyllum baladense'' Guillaumin * '' Cyclophyllum balansae'' (Baill.) ...

'' and ''

Keetia ''Keetia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of climbers or scrambling shrubs, rarely small trees. Distribution The genus has a wide distribution area and occurs in tropical and southern Africa. Taxonomy It was ...

'', genera that have been segregated from ''

''.

Species

* ''

Psydrax acutiflora ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Hiern) Bridson * ''

Psydrax ammophila ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * ''

Psydrax amplifolia ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Elmer)A.P.Davis * ''

Psydrax ankotekonensis ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the Paleotropical Kingdom, paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was Botanical name, named by Joseph Gaertner in 1 ...

'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson * ''

Psydrax approximatus ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' ( Korth.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong * ''

Psydrax arnoldiana ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (De Wild. & T.Durand) Bridson * '' Psydrax attenuata'' (R.Br. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax austro-orientalis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson * ''

Psydrax banksii ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * ''

Psydrax bathieana ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Cavaco)A.P.Davis & Bridson * '' Psydrax bridsoniana'' Cheek & Sonké * '' Psydrax calcicola'' (Craib)A.P.Davis * '' Psydrax capensis'' J.C.Manning & Goldblatt * '' Psydrax cymigera'' (Valeton)S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax dicoccos'' Gaertn. * '' Psydrax dunlapii'' (Hutch. & Dalziel) Bridson * '' Psydrax esirensis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson * '' Psydrax fasciculata'' (Blume) A.P.Davis * '' Psydrax faulknerae'' Bridson * '' Psydrax ficiformis'' (Hook.f.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax forsteri ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax fragrantissima'' (K.Schum.) Bridson * '' Psydrax gilletii'' (De Wild.) Bridson * '' Psydrax graciliflora'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax grandifolia'' (Thwaites) Ridsdale * ''

Psydrax graniticola ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Chiov.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax gynochthodes ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...

'' (Baill.) Arriola, Yayen & Alejandro * ''

Psydrax horizontalis ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...

'' (SChumach. & Thonn.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax johnsonii ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax kaessneri'' (S.Moore) Bridson * '' Psydrax kibuwae'' Bridson * '' Psydrax kingii'' (Hook.f.) Bridson & Springate * ''

Psydrax kraussioides ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...

'' (Hiern) Bridson * '' Psydrax lamprophylla'' (F.Muell.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax latifolia ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax laxiflorens'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * ''

Psydrax lepida ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax livida'' (Hiern) Bridson * '' Psydrax locuples'' (K.Schum.) Bridson * '' Psydrax longipes'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax longistyla'' (Merr.) A.P.Davis * '' Psydrax lucidulus'' (

Miq. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (24 October 1811 – 23 January 1871) was a Dutch botanist, whose main focus of study was on the flora of the Dutch East Indies. Early life Miquel was born in Neuenhaus and studied medicine at the University of Groni ...

) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong * ''

Psydrax lynesii ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...

'' Bullock ex Bridson * '' Psydrax maingayi'' (Hook.f.) Bridson * '' Psydrax manambyana'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson * ''

Psydrax manensis ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Bridson * '' Psydrax martini'' (Dunkley) Bridson * '' Psydrax micans'' (Bullock) Bridson * '' Psydrax moandensis'' Bridson * '' Psydrax moggii'' Bridson * '' Psydrax montana'' (Thwaites) Ridsdale * '' Psydrax montigena'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax multiflorus'' Arriola & Alejandro * '' Psydrax mutimushii'' Bridson * '' Psydrax nitida'' (Craib) K.M.Wong * ''

Psydrax obovata ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax occidentalis ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson * ''

Psydrax odorata ''Psydrax odorata'', known as ''alahee'' in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It is native to the Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia. Description The species range from in height, h ...

'' (

G.Forst. Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (, 27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold F ...

)

A.C.Sm. Albert Charles Smith (April 5, 1906 – May 23, 1999) was an American botany, botanist who served as director of the National Museum of Natural History and Arnold Arboretum and was the former president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. ...

& S.P.Darwin * '' Psydrax oleifolia'' (Hook.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax pallida'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax palma'' (K.Schum.) Bridson * '' Psydrax paludosa'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax paradoxa'' (Virot) Mouly * '' Psydrax parviflora'' (Afzel.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax pendulina ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the Paleotropical Kingdom, paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was Botanical name, named by Joseph Gaertner in 1 ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax pergracilis'' (Bourd.) Ridsdale * '' Psydrax polhillii'' Bridson * ''

Psydrax puberula ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' Arriola & Alejandro * '' Psydrax recurvifolia'' (Bullock) Bridson * '' Psydrax reticulata'' (C.T.White) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * ''

Psydrax richardsiae ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...

'' Bridson * '' Psydrax rigidula'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax robertsoniae'' Bridson * '' Psydrax sabahensi'' Mahyuni * '' Psydrax saligna'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * ''

Psydrax sambiranensis ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the Paleotropical Kingdom, paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was Botanical name, named by Joseph Gaertner in 1 ...

'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson * '' Psydrax schimperiana'' (A.Rich.) Bridson * '' Psydrax sepikensis'' A.P.Davis * '' Psydrax shuguriensis'' Bridson * '' Psydrax splendens'' (K.Schum.) Bridson * '' Psydrax suaveolens'' (S.Moore) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax subcordata'' (DC.) Bridson * ''

Psydrax suborbicularis ''Psydrax suborbicularis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of ...

'' (C.T.White) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax sumatranus'' (

) Mahyuni * ''

Psydrax tropica ''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics. Taxonomy The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...

'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. * '' Psydrax umbellata'' (Wight) Bridson * '' Psydrax undulatifolius'' K.M.Wong & Mahyuni * '' Psydrax virgata'' (Hiern) Bridson * '' Psydrax whitei'' Bridson * '' Psydrax wongii'' Mahyuni

References

External links

World Checklist of Rubiaceae

''Psydrax''
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''Psydrax''
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''Psydrax''
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Index Nominum Genericorum
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At

''Psydrax''
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List of Genera
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Rubiaceae
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List of families
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Families and Genera in GRIN
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GRIN taxonomy for plants
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3595355 Rubiaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot