''Psilocybe guilartensis'' is a

psilocybin mushroom Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin which turns into psilocin upon ingestion. Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include ''Psilocybe'', '' ...

which has

psilocybin Psilocybin ( , ) is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of fungi. The most potent are members of the genus ''Psilocybe'', such as '' P. azurescens'', '' P. semilanceata'', and '' P.&nbs ...

and

psilocin Psilocin (also known as 4-HO-DMT, 4-hydroxy DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated cou ...

as main active compounds. It is common in

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and unincorporated ...

. First reported in the literature in 1997,Guzmán G, Tapia F, Nieves-Rivera ÁM, Betancourt C. (1997). Two new bluing species of ''Psilocybe'' from Puerto Rico. ''Mycotaxon'' 63(1): 377-382. Gastón Guzmán placed ''P. guilartensis'' in ''Psilocybe'' section Brunneocystidiatae due to its blue staining reaction, small thick-walled subrhomboid spores, and pigmented

cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...

.Guzmán G, Tapia F, Ramírez-Guillén F, Baroni TJ, Lodge DJ, Cantrell SA, Nieves-Rivera ÁM. (2003). A new species of ''Psilocybe'' in the Caribbean with an emendation of ''Psilocybe guilartensis''. ''Mycologia'' 95(6): 1171–1180. Other mushrooms in the section Brunneocystidiatae include '' Psilocybe banderillensis'', '' Psilocybe banderillensis var. paulensis'', '' Psilocybe brunneocystidia'', ''

Psilocybe heimii ''Psilocybe heimii'' is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Described as new to science in 1978 by Gastón Guzmán, it is found in the subtropical forests of Mexico. It is named in honor of French mycologist Roger Hei ...

'', ''

Psilocybe inconspicua ''Psilocybe inconspicua'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto) The mushroom contains the psychoactive compound psilocybin. See also *List of Psilocybin mushrooms *Psilocybin mushrooms ...

'', ''

Psilocybe pleurocystidiosa ''Psilocybe pleurocystidiosa'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto) See also *List of Psilocybin mushrooms *Psilocybin mushrooms *''Psilocybe'' References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q725 ...

'', '' Psilocybe rzedowski'', ''

Psilocybe singeri ''Psilocybe singeri'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto) See also *Psilocybe ''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. ...

'', ''

Psilocybe uxpanapensis ''Psilocybe uxpanapensis'' is a species of entheogenic mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains the hallucinogenic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Mexico, Mexican mycologist Gastón Guzmán described this mushroom in 1979 ...

'', ''

Psilocybe verae-crucis ''Psilocybe verae-crucis'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. See also *''Psilocybe ''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Most or nearly all species contai ...

'' and '' Psilocybe weldenii''.

Description

*Cap: 1 – 3 cm in diameter, initially subconical to campanulate (bell-shaped), expanding to plano-convex with an umbo. Cap surface dark violet brown in color, translucent-striate near the margin,

hygrophanous The adjective hygrophanous refers to the color change of mushroom tissue (especially the pileus surface) as it loses or absorbs water, which causes the pileipellis to become more transparent when wet and opaque when dry. When identifying hygroph ...

, fading to tan as it dries. Staining blue-green to black where bruised. *Gills: Cream color when young, violet brown or chocolate brown in age, with

adnexed In mycology, a lamella, or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification. The atta ...

attachment. *Spores: Dark violet brown, subrhomboid in face view, subellipsoid in side view, thick walled, 6 x 5 μm. *Stipe: 3 – 8 cm long, 1 – 2 mm thick, central, equal with subbulbous base, hollow and cylindric, color whitish to brown, ornamented with small flattened scales towards the base. The base is covered in tiny yellow fibers which help distinguish this from similar species. Staining blue-green to black where bruised. *Taste:

Farinaceous Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds. Flours are used to make many different foods. Cereal flour, particularly wheat flour, is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many culture ...

, sometimes with a slight mustard taste. *Odor: Farinaceous, sometimes with a slight mustard odor. *Microscopic features: Pigmented cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia present.

Basidia A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly- ...

four-spored. Clamp connections common.

Distribution and habitat

''Psilocybe guilartensis'' is found growing gregariously, often on disturbed bare clay or moss. It is found along hiking trails, in coffee plantations, tropical and subtropical forests, especially in landslide areas. The mushroom is known to grow in

and

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with ...

References

External links

Mushroom Observer - ''Psilocybe guilartensis''

''Psilocybe guilartensis'' photograph
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7255880 Entheogens Psychoactive fungi guilartensis Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Taxa named by Gastón Guzmán