Pseudodiplogasteroididae on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Diplogastridae, formerly Diplogasteridae, are a family of
nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...
s (roundworms) known from a wide range of habitats, often in commensal
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit fro ...
or parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has c ...
associations with insects
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of j ...
.
Description
Diplogastrid nematodes are characterized by a distinct "two-lobed"pharynx
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its struc ...
(hence their name from the Greek διπλόος = "double" and γαστήρ = "stomach"), the second ( posterior) lobe being composed mostly of glandular tissue. Most known species also have at least one tooth, which has presumably allowed them to access many new food sources compared with the related nematodes of Rhabditidae
The Rhabditidae are a family of nematodes which includes the model organism '' Caenorhabditis elegans''.
Genera
''Bursilla''
*''Bursilla monhysteria'' (Butschli, 1873)
''Caenorhabditis''
*''Caenorhabditis brenneri'' Sudhaus & Kiontke, 2007
...
(including ''Caenorhabditis elegans
''Caenorhabditis elegans'' () is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek ''caeno-'' (recent), ''rhabditis'' (ro ...
''), most species of which feed on bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...
. Several diplogastrid species also have a polyphenism
A polyphenic trait is a trait for which multiple, discrete phenotypes can arise from a single genotype as a result of differing environmental conditions. It is therefore a special case of phenotypic plasticity.
There are several types of polyphen ...
in their mouthparts, allowing resource specialization within species. The wide array of feeding modes in the Diplogastridae is reflected by the relatively high diversity and complexity of their mouth structures, which show accelerated rates of evolution in comparison with the Rhabditidae.
While Sudhaus and Lieven sunk many generic names in their lumping approach of a revision, the Hungarian nematologist Istvan Andrassy was a "splitter", erecting and re-erecting many nematode taxa. The truth might be somewhere in between, as the approaches by Ragsdale and others have shown in recent years.
Among the Diplogastridae is the nematode ''Pristionchus pacificus
''Pristionchus pacificus'' is a species of free-living nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae. The species has been established as a satellite model organism to '' Caenorhabditis elegans'', with which it shared a common ancestor ...
'', a model organism for comparative developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop. Developmental biology also encompasses the biology of Regeneration (biology), regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and di ...
.
Genera
*'' Acrostichus'' *''Allodiplogaster
''Allodiplogaster'' is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes about 35 described species.
List of species
''henrichae'' group
*''Allodiplogaster henrichae''
*''Allodiplogaster colobocerca''
*''All ...
''
*'' Anchidiplogaster''
*'' Butlerius''
*'' Cephalobium''
*'' Cutidiplogaster''
*'' Demaniella''
*''Diplogaster
''Diplogaster'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Diplogastridae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Africa and Northern America.
Species:
*''Diplogaster australis''
*''Diplogaster gagarini''
*''Diplogaster intermedi ...
''
*'' Diplogasteriana''
*'' Diplogasteroides''
*'' Diplogastrellus''
*'' Fictor''
*†'' Formicodiplogaster'' (Fossil, Dominican Amber
Dominican amber is amber from the Dominican Republic derived from resin of the extinct tree ''Hymenaea protera''.
Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of fossil incl ...
)
*'' Goffartia''
*''Heteropleuronema
Heteropleuronema is a monotypic genus of nematodes in the family Diplogastridae. The only species described so far is
''Heteropleuronema unum''. It has been isolated from fungi in Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officia ...
''
*'' Hugotdiplogaster''
*'' Koerneria''
*'' Leptojacobus''
*'' Levipalatum''
*''Longibucca
''Longibucca'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Diplogastridae.
The species of this genus are found in Northern America.
Species:
*''Longibucca catesbeianae''
*''Longibucca lasiura''
*''Longibucca vivipara''
References
...
''
*'' Mehdinema''
*'' Micoletzkya''
*'' Mononchoides''
*'' Oigolaimella''
*'' Neodiplogaster''
*'' Parapristionchus''
*'' Parasitodiplogaster''
*'' Paroigolaimella''
*''Pristionchus
''Pristionchus'' is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes more than 50 described species. They are known mainly as non-parasitic associates of insects, especially beetles, while others have been r ...
''
*'' Pseudodiplogasteroides''
*'' Rhabditidoides''
*'' Rhabditolaimus''
*'' Sachsia''
*'' Sudhausia''
*'' Teratodiplogaster''
*'' Tylopharynx''
References
Rhabditida Nematode families Burdigalian first appearances Extant Miocene first appearances {{Chromadorea-stub