The Prussian S 4's were German
superheated
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There are ...
express steam locomotives with the
Prussian state railways
The term Prussian state railways (German: ''Preußische Staatseisenbahnen'') encompasses those railway organisations that were owned or managed by the State of Prussia. The words "state railways" are not capitalized because Prussia did not have a ...
, later grouped as DRG Class 13.5 in the
Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regiona ...
. They were an evolutionary development of the
Prussian S 3
The Prussian Class S 3s were saturated steam locomotives developed by Hanomag for the Prussian state railways and were built from 1893.
Design
They were a further development of the S 2 and used the same boiler. The "S" stood for ''Schnellzuglo ...
. The first locomotive was built in 1898 by Vulcan, Stettin as a modified S 3. She was the first
superheated
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There are ...
locomotive in the world.
[Rauter and Scheingraber (1991), pp. 84-90.] She was initially designated as ''Hannover 74'' and towards the end as the S 4 ''Cassel 401''. Two further trials locomotives appeared in 1899 and 1900 as ''Hannover 86'' and ''Berlin 74'' also classed as S 3's. They were later reclassified as S 4's ''Hannover 401'' and ''Posen 401''.
[
Not until the teething troubles had been resolved was the S 4 put into series production in 1902 in ]Borsig Borsig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* (1867–1897), German entrepreneur
* August Borsig (1804–1854), German businessman
* Conrad von Borsig (1873–1945), German mechanical engineer
* Ernst Borsig
Ernst August Pau ...
, from 1906 also in Henschel and Humboldt.[ Unlike the prototypes the production engines were developed independently of the S 3, and 104 examples were built in the years to 1909 when procurement was halted in favour of the ]Prussian S 6
The Prussian S 6 (later DRG Class 13.10–12) was a class of German steam locomotive with a 4-4-0 wheel arrangement operated by the Prussian state railways for express train services.
Development
After the Prussian steam locomotive classes S 4 ...
. Up to 1906 a smokebox superheater was installed; afterwards smoke tube superheaters were used.[
The S 4's star waned even before the ]First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, so that within a few years most of the engines had disappeared from the tracks. The remainder were employed on passenger train or even goods train duties.
In 1923 the Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regiona ...
recorded 44 S 4's in its provisional renumbering plan as 13 501-544. But by 1925 only four of them were left. These were given running numbers 13 501–504 in 1925[ and were retired by 1927.
After the ]First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, six locomotives were given to the Polish State Railways
(''PKP S.A.''; en, Polish State Railways, Inc.) is the dominant railway operator in Poland.
The company was founded when the former state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure ...
(PKP), where they were classified as Pd2 class, numbers 1 to 6.[ During the ]Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
five S 4s came into the Reichsbahn holdings from Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
as 13 401–405.[ Two of them were eventually given back to Poland in 1955 by the DR.
The locomotives were equipped with tenders of Prussian classes pr 2’2’ T 16, pr 3 T 13 and pr 3 T 15.
]
See also
* Prussian state railways
The term Prussian state railways (German: ''Preußische Staatseisenbahnen'') encompasses those railway organisations that were owned or managed by the State of Prussia. The words "state railways" are not capitalized because Prussia did not have a ...
* List of DRG locomotives and railcars
The railway vehicle classes covered by this list of DRG locomotives and railbuses belonged to the ''Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft'' or DRG (1924–37) and its successor, the ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'' or DRB (post 1937).
The DRG (lit. German Imp ...
* List of Prussian locomotives and railcars
This list gives an overview of the locomotives and railcars that were in the Prussian state railways. Also included are the locomotives of the Grand Duchy of Hesse State Railways (''Grossherzoglich Hessischen Staatseisenbahnen'') and the Prussi ...
References
Literature
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prussian S 04
4-4-0 locomotives
S 04
Passenger locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1902
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Borsig locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Humboldt locomotives
2′B h2 locomotives