The Loyalty Islands Province (
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
''Province des îles Loyauté'') is one of three
administrative subdivisions
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
of
New Caledonia
)
, anthem = ""
, image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of New Caledonia
, map_caption = Location of New Caledonia
, mapsize = 290px
, subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
encompassing the Loyalty Island (french: Îles Loyauté)
archipelago
An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Archi ...
in the
Pacific, which are located northeast of the
New Caledonian mainland of
Grande Terre.
The provincial government seat is part of the
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
territory of New Caledonia, at
Lifou
Lifou is a communes of France, commune of France in the Loyalty Islands Province of New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean.
Geography
Lifou is made up of Lifou Island, the largest and most heavily populated of the Loyalty Islands, its smaller neig ...
, which is away. The Loyalty Islands are a ''
collectivité territoriale'' of France. The province's 2019 population was approximately 18,353 inhabitants living on almost . The native inhabitants are the
Kanak and the Tavu'avua' peoples.
History
The first Western contact on record is attributed to British Captain
William Raven
William Raven (1756–1814) was an English master mariner, naval officer and merchant. He commanded the whaler and sealing vessel ''Britannia'' and the naval store ship in Australian and New Zealand waters from 1792 until 1799. While in command ...
of the whaler
''Britannia'', who was on his way in 1793 from
Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...
to
Batavia
Batavia may refer to:
Historical places
* Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands
* Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
(now called
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
). It is very likely, however, that the discovery and name originated with officials on the London ship ''Loyalty'', which was on a Pacific Ocean trading voyage from 1789 to 1790.
The
French Government
The Government of France ( French: ''Gouvernement français''), officially the Government of the French Republic (''Gouvernement de la République française'' ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who ...
demanded the removal of
missionaries
A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thomas Hale 'On Being a Mi ...
from the
London Missionary Society led by Rev. Samuel Macfarlane
from the Loyalty Islands and
New Caledonia
)
, anthem = ""
, image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of New Caledonia
, map_caption = Location of New Caledonia
, mapsize = 290px
, subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
in 1869. This led to the missionaries travelling to the
Torres Strait Islands
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait, a waterway separating far northern continental Australia's Cape York Peninsula and the island of New Guinea. They span an area of , but their total land ...
on the vessel ''Surprise'', in an event still celebrated as "
The Coming of the Light
Torres Strait Islanders () are the Indigenous Melanesian people of the Torres Strait Islands, which are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. Ethnically distinct from the Aboriginal people of the rest of Australia, they are often groupe ...
", on 1 July 1871.
[ Dated 20 January 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2021.]
Geography
The archipelago consists of six inhabited islands:
Lifou Island,
Maré Island,
Tiga Island
Tiga Island, also called Tokanod, is a small island in the South Pacific Ocean. Tiga lies from Lifou Island, and from Maré Island in the Loyalty Islands. The Loyalty Islands are part of the greater archipelago of New Caledonia.
Tiga is part ...
,
Ouvéa Island
Ouvéa Island or Uvea Island is one of the Loyalty Islands, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island is part of the commune (municipality) of Ouvéa, in the Loyalty Islands Province o ...
,
Mouli Island
Mouli Island (sometimes also spelled Mouly Island; also known as Hwakaiö) is one of the Loyalty Islands, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island is part of the commune (municipality) ...
, and
Faiava Island
Faiava Island (also known as Wasaü) is one of the Loyalty Islands, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island is part of the commune (municipality) of Ouvéa, in the Loyalty Islands Prov ...
, as well as several smaller uninhabited islands and
islets. Their combined land area is . The highest elevation is at
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''.
The comb ...
on Maré Island. The islands are part of the
New Caledonia rain forests
The New Caledonia rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion, located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific. It is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion, part of the Australasian realm.
Setting
The ecoregion covers the windward eastern ...
ecoregion. The chief export of the Loyalty Islands is
copra
Copra (from ) is the dried, white flesh of the coconut from which coconut oil is extracted. Traditionally, the coconuts are sun-dried, especially for export, before the oil, also known as copra oil, is pressed out. The oil extracted from copr ...
. There is mining on the main island, ''Grand Terre.''
An
earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...
of moment magnitude 7.7 was reported just after midnight on
11 February 2021 in an area south-east of the islands, with several aftershocks.
Over 50 quakes of magnitude greater than 4.5 were recorded in less than 24 hours.
Demographics
The people of the Loyalty Islands are of mixed
Melanesian
Melanesian is the adjectival form of Melanesia. It may refer to:
* Melanesians
* Melanesian mythology
* Melanesian languages In linguistics, Melanesian is an obsolete term referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia: that is, the Oceani ...
and
Polynesian ancestry, with a small European minority. The population numbered 17,436 in the 2009 census, a 7.9% reduction from the 22,080 in the preceding 2004 census. In 2014 the population grew to 18,297, an increase of 4.9%, and in 2019 the population grew a further 0.1% to 18,353.
Several thousand more Loyalty Islanders live on New Caledonia, especially in
Nouméa, the capital, and in the mining areas of the main island.
Communes
The Loyalty Islands Province is divided into three
communes (municipalities):
*
Lifou
Lifou is a communes of France, commune of France in the Loyalty Islands Province of New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean.
Geography
Lifou is made up of Lifou Island, the largest and most heavily populated of the Loyalty Islands, its smaller neig ...
(comprises
Lifou Island,
Tiga Island
Tiga Island, also called Tokanod, is a small island in the South Pacific Ocean. Tiga lies from Lifou Island, and from Maré Island in the Loyalty Islands. The Loyalty Islands are part of the greater archipelago of New Caledonia.
Tiga is part ...
, and several
islets)
*
Maré (comprises
Maré Island and Dudun Island)
*
Ouvéa (comprises
Ouvéa Island
Ouvéa Island or Uvea Island is one of the Loyalty Islands, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island is part of the commune (municipality) of Ouvéa, in the Loyalty Islands Province o ...
,
Mouli Island
Mouli Island (sometimes also spelled Mouly Island; also known as Hwakaiö) is one of the Loyalty Islands, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island is part of the commune (municipality) ...
,
Faiava Island
Faiava Island (also known as Wasaü) is one of the Loyalty Islands, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island is part of the commune (municipality) of Ouvéa, in the Loyalty Islands Prov ...
, and several additional islands and islets nearby)
*
Walpole Island
Walpole Island is an island and First Nation reserve in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the border between Ontario and Michigan in the United States. It is located in the mouth of the St. Clair River on Lake St. Clair, about by road from Winds ...
is geographically part of the Loyalty Islands, but administratively part of the commune of
Île des Pins
The Isle of Pines (french: Île des Pins; name in Kanak people, Kanak language Kwênyii: ') is an island in the Pacific Ocean, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas collectivity of France. The island is part of the commune in France, ...
,
South Province, New Caledonia.
Provincial congress
As of 2018, there are 14 seats in the province's congress held by six parties: the nationalist
Caledonian Union
The Caledonian Union (, UC) is a pro-independence and the oldest political party in New Caledonia. In the latest legislative elections of May 10, 2009, the party won around 11.65% of the popular vote, and 9 out of 54 seats in the Territorial Co ...
holds four, the anti-independence
Rally for Caledonia in the Republic
The Rally (french: Le Rassemblement; until 2004 Rally for Caledonia in the Republic, french: Rassemblement pour une Calédonie dans la République; from 2004 to 2014 Rally–UMP) is a conservative political party in New Caledonia, strongly suppor ...
holds two, and the
, Socialist Kanak Liberation,
Renewed Caledonian Union
The Renewed Caledonian Union (, UC-R) is a political party in New Caledonia formed by dissidents from the Caledonian Union. It is a member of the National Union for Independence (UNI) coalition, which is in turn a member of the Kanak and Socialis ...
and
Union of Pro-Independence Co-operation Committees
The Federation of Pro-Independence Co-operation Committees () is a political party in New Caledonia supporting the island's independence from France, although it is the most moderate of all nationalist parties.
The FCCI was founded in 1998 by th ...
each have two.
Presidents of Loyalty Province
*1st
Richard Kaloï 1989–1995
*2nd
Nidoïsh Naisseline
Nidoïsh Naisseline (June 27, 1945, in Guahma on Maré Island – June 3, 2015, in Nouméa) was a New Caledonian politician. A Kanak of the Nétché tribe, born on the island of Maré, he was an advocate of New Caledonian independence. He suc ...
14 July 1995 – 9 May 1999
*3rd
Robert Xowie
Robert Xowie (born August 27, 1962 in the Wetr district of Lifou) is a New Caledonian politician and pro-independence advocate. A Kanak of the Siloam tribe, Xowie served as President of Loyalty Islands Province from 1999 until 2004, as well as ...
14 May 1999 – 9 May 2004
*4th
Néko Hnepeune
Néko Hnepeune (born April 21, 1954, in Wé) is a New Caledonian politician. A Kanak and advocate for New Caledonian independence, he has served as president of the Loyalty Islands since 2004, and has been mayor of Lifou
Lifou is a communes ...
14 May 2004 – 17 May 2019
*5th
Jacques Lalié
Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over ...
17 May 2019 – present
See also
*
d'Entrecasteaux Ridge
The d'Entrecasteaux () Ridge (DER) is a double oceanic ridge in the south-west Pacific Ocean, north of New Caledonia and west of Vanuatu Islands. It forms the northern extension of the New Caledonia–Loyalty Islands arc, and is now actively su ...
References
Bibliography
* Dunbabin, Thomas: William Raven, RN, and his 'Britannia', 1792–95; in: The Mariner's mirror, Vol. 46, No. 4 (Nov.); London
.a.1960 (S. 297–303)
* Dunmore, John: Who's who in Pacific navigation; Carlton, Vic. 1992
* Henze, Dietmar: Enzyklopädie der Entdecker und Erforscher der Erde, Bd. 4; Graz 2000
* Jones, A. G. E.: Ships employed in the South Seas trade Vol. 1: 1775 - 1861; Canberra 1986 & Vol. 2: 1775 - 1859; Burwood, Vic.
992
Year 992 ( CMXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Worldwide
* Winter – A superflare from the sun causes an Aurora Borealis, with visibility as fa ...
*
* Riesenberg, Saul H.: Six Pacific island discoveries; in: The
American Neptune, Vol. 34; Salem, Mass. 1974 (S. 249–57)
* Sharp, Andrew: The discovery of the Pacific Islands; Oxford 1960
{{authority control
Provinces of New Caledonia
Geography of New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands
Islands of New Caledonia
Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean