''Provanna'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Provannidae Provannidae is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfmaily Abyssochrysoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 and updated in 2008 by Kaim et al.). MolluscaBase eds. (2021) ...

. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 million years ago). The Caribbean and the Pacific fauna were isolated about 3 million years ago by the closure of the Central American Isthmus.

Description

The apical whorls of the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

are lacking through decollation. The opening is then sealed with a calcareous plug. The sculpture of the ovate fusiform shell shows scattered sigmoidal axial ribs that are crossed by spiral cords. The whorls are broad.

Habitat

They are common in

hydrothermal vents A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspot ...

, hydrocarbon cold seeps and (more rarely) on deep-water food-falls, depending on the species. Most species feed on filamentous bacteria, while others feed on

detritus In biology, detritus () is dead particulate organic material, as distinguished from dissolved organic material. Detritus typically includes the bodies or fragments of bodies of dead organisms, and fecal material. Detritus typically hosts commun ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Provanna'' include: * '' Provanna abyssalis'' Okutani & Fujikura, 2002 * '' Provanna admetoides'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * † ''

Provanna alexi ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' Amano & Little, 2014 * † '' Provanna antiqua'' Squires, 1995 * † '' Provanna azurini'' Kiel, Aguilar & Kase, 2020 * '' Provanna beebei'' Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019 * '' Provanna buccinoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 * '' Provanna chevalieri'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009 * ''

Provanna cingulata ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' C. Chen, Watanabe & Ohara, 2018 * ''

Provanna clathrata ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 * ''

Provanna cooki ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019 * ''

Provanna fenestrata ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019 * † ''

Provanna fortis ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' Hybertsen & Kiel, 2018 * '' Provanna glabra'' Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992 * '' Provanna goniata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 * † '' Provanna hirokoae'' Amano & Little, 2014 * '' Provanna ios'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 * ''

Provanna kuroshimensis ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 mi ...

'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 * '' Provanna laevis'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * '' Provanna lomana'' (Dall, 1918) * '' Provanna lucida'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 * '' Provanna macleani'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 * † '' Provanna marshalli'' Saether, Little & K. A. Campbell, 2010 * '' Provanna muricata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 * † '' Provanna nakagawaensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Hikida, 2009 * '' Provanna nassariaeformis'' Okutani, 1990 * '' Provanna pacifica'' (Dall, 1908) * † '' Provanna pelada'' Kiel, Hybertsen, Hyžný & Klompmaker, 2019 * '' Provanna reticulata'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009 * '' Provanna sculpta'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * '' Provanna segonzaci'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * '' Provanna shinkaiae'' Okutani & Fujikura, 2002 * '' Provanna stephanos'' C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019 * '' Provanna subglabra'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 *† '' Provanna tappuensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 *† '' Provanna urahoroensis'' Amano & Jenkins, 2013 * '' Provanna variabilis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 Several fossil species have been described, predominantly identified from hydrocarbon seep deposits (Saether et al., 2010), including: * '' Provanna antiqua'' Squires & Goedert, 1995 Steffen Kiel, New Records and Species of Molluscs from Tertiary Cold-Seep Carbonates in Washington State, USA; Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 80, No. 1 (Jan., 2006), pp. 121-137 * '' Provanna marshalli'' Saether, Little & Campbell, 2010 * '' Provanna nakagawaensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Hikida, 2009 * '' Provanna tappuensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 There also are several fossil species known, but not formally described and named, from Central America, Japan, and possibly the Philippines (see Saether et al., 2010). ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Provanna marianensis'' Okutani & Fujikura, 1990: synonym of '' Desbruyeresia marianensis'' (Okutani & Fujikura, 1990)

References

* Healy, J. M. 1990. ''Taxonomic affinities of the deep-sea genus Provanna: new evidence from sperm structure''; J. Molluscan Stud. 56: 119-122 * Warén, A. & Bouchet, P. (1993). New records, species, genera, and a new family of gastropods from hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps. Zoologica Scripta. 22: 1-90. * Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. 2009 ''Recent Mollusca''. pp 196–219 in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.), ''The New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia''. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch * Saether, K.P., Little, C.T.S. & Campbell, K.A. (2010) ''A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand.'' ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 55, 507–517.

External links

Dall, W. H. (1918). ''Description of new species of shells, chiefly from Magdalena Bay, Lower California.'' Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 31: 5-8

Sasaki T., Ogura T., Watanabe H.K. & Fujikura K. (2016). Four new species of Provanna (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from vents and a seep off Nansei-shoto area, southwestern Japan. Venus. 74 (1-2): 1-17
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7252287 Provannidae