Protohermes Costalis
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''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within
Megaloptera Megaloptera is an order of insects. It contains the alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies, and there are about 300 known species. The order's name comes from Ancient Greek, from ''mega-'' (μέγα-) "large" + ''pteryx'' (πτέρυξ) "wing ...
, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism may be a result of an association with high elevation and high slope streams in Northern Vietnam and China.


Description

Adult ''Protohermes'' generally have yellow coloration with white spots on the wings. The male genetalia region is diverse across the genus and can be useful for species-level identification, especially the shape and size of the tenth tergum and the subgenital plate at the ninth sternum. Nuptial gifts in ''Protohermes'' may as large as 20% of the total body mass of the male and can require up to 2 days to recover before mating again. The size and
phenology Phenology is the study of periodic events in biological life cycles and how these are influenced by seasonality, seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as environmental factor, habitat factors (such as elevation). Examples includ ...
of larvae is closely tied to the availability of different sizes of prey.
Dwarfism Dwarfism is a condition wherein an organism is exceptionally small, and mostly occurs in the animal kingdom. In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than , regardless of sex; the average adult height among people with dw ...
occurs in populations on islands and peninsulas as a result of fewer species of large prey, and
maturation Maturation is the process of becoming mature; the emergence of individual and behavioral characteristics through growth processes over time. Maturation may refer to: Science * Developmental psychology * Foetal development * Maturity (geology), ...
may be synchronous with prey in locations with seasonal variability. Larger larvae do not consume smaller prey, and they actively select prey as an ambush predator. Larvae are motionless 90% of the time during the day, but do change position on the stream bed during the night.


Taxonomy

''Protohermes'' contains the following species: * ''Protohermes costalis'' species-group ** '' Protohermes acutatus'' ** '' Protohermes costalis'' ** ''
Protohermes basiflavus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes disjunctus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes lii ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes yunnanensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes arunachalensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes fujianensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes hunanensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes yangi ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes gutianensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes orientalis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** ''
Protohermes similis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of Dobsonfly, dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small Endemism, endemic areas in Asia ...
'' ** '' Protohermes triangulatus'' ** ''
Protohermes sinensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' ** '' Protohermes basimaculatus'' ** '' Protohermes stigmosus'' ** '' Protohermes niger'' * ''Protohermes changninganus'' species-group ** '' Protohermes subnubilus'' ** '' Protohermes decemmaculatus'' ** '' Protohermes changninganus'' ** '' Protohermes albipennis'' ** '' Protohermes xingshanensis'' ** '' Protohermes tengchongensis'' * ''
Protohermes latus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes sublunatus'' * ''
Protohermes davidi ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes guangxiensis'' * '' Protohermes impunctatus'' * '' Protohermes sichuanensis'' * '' Protohermes motuoensis'' * '' Protohermes piaoacanus'' * ''
Protohermes sonus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes zhuae'' * '' Protohermes decolor'' * '' Protohermes sabahensis'' * ''
Protohermes fruhstorferi ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes spectabilis'' * '' Protohermes immaculatus'' * '' Protohermes assamensis'' * '' Protohermes differentialis'' * ''
Protohermes cavaleriei ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes dimaculatus'' * '' Protohermes furcatus'' * ''
Protohermes xanthodes ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes infectus'' * '' Protohermes burmanus'' * '' Protohermes karubei'' * '' Protohermes chebalingensis'' * '' Protohermes congruens'' * ''
Protohermes curvicornis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes dulongjiangensis'' * '' Protohermes flavinervus'' * '' Protohermes flinti'' * ''
Protohermes goodgeri ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes ohli'' * '' Protohermes tenellus'' * '' Protohermes owadai'' * '' Protohermes pennyi'' * '' Protohermes stangei'' * ''
Protohermes subparcus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes tortuosus'' * ''
Protohermes ishizukai ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes sinuolatus'' * '' Protohermes hainanensis'' * '' Protohermes horni'' * ''
Protohermes hubeiensis ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes axillatus'' * '' Protohermes festivus'' * '' Protohermes montanus'' * '' Protohermes flavipennis'' * ''
Protohermes bellulus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes cangyuanensis'' * '' Protohermes parcus'' * '' Protohermes striatulus'' * ''
Protohermes concolorus ''Protohermes'' is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia. This endemism ...
'' * '' Protohermes uniformis'' * '' Protohermes vitalisi'' * ''
Protohermes walkeri ''Protohermes'' is a genus of Dobsonfly, dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. ''Protohermes'' is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small Endemism, endemic areas in Asia ...
'' * '' Protohermes weelei'' * ''
Protohermes grandis ''Protohermes grandis'' is a large, colorful species of dobsonfly occurring in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas i ...
'' * '' Protohermes dichrous''


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q11847177 Corydalidae Insects of Vietnam Insects described in 1907