''Proterorhinus'' is a genus of fishes, known as the tubenose gobies. These gobiid fish are native to

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...

where they occur in the region of the

Caspian Caspian can refer to: *The Caspian Sea *The Caspian Depression, surrounding the northern part of the Caspian Sea *The Caspians, the ancient people living near the Caspian Sea *Caspian languages, collection of languages and dialects of Caspian peopl ...

and

Black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...

seas, inhabiting marine,

brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuari ...

and fresh waters. The species ''

Proterorhinus semilunaris The western tubenose goby (''Proterorhinus semilunaris'') is a species of goby native to fresh waters of the Black Sea and Aegean Sea basins,. It has recently spread as an invasive species to Central and Western Europe and to North America. Previ ...

'' (previously referred to as ''P. marmoratus'') was introduced to the

St. Clair River The St. Clair River (french: Rivière Sainte-Claire) is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed November 7, 2011 river in central North America which flows from Lake Huron int ...

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...

during the late 1990s. Until recently, the genus was considered

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

, comprising only the tubenose goby (''

Proterorhinus marmoratus ''Proterorhinus marmoratus'' is a species of gobiid fish, a tubenose goby native to the brackish water parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, near the coasts of Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Ukraine and Russia. Also it is found in the Marm ...

''). Following molecular and further morphological investigations it has been split into several taxa, with distinct distributions in marine vs. fresh waters and in the Black Sea vs. Caspian Sea basins.

Species

There are five recognized species in this genus: * ''

'' (

Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pall ...

, 1814) (tubenose goby) * ''

Proterorhinus nasalis The eastern tubenose goby (''Proterorhinus nasalis'') is a species of gobiid fish native to fresh and brackish waters of the basins of the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea and has invaded the upper reaches of the Volga River from its native occu ...

'' ( De Filippi, 1863) (eastern tubenose goby) * ''

'' ( Heckel, 1837) (western tubenose goby) * ''

Proterorhinus semipellucidus ''Proterorhinus semipellucidus '' is a species of gobiid fish, a tubenose goby originally described from the Gharasu River near Gorgan Bay of the Caspian Sea in Iran. Following the systematic decomposition of the tubenose gobies it was sugge ...

'' (

Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to: * Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922 * Kessler (name), people named Kessler * ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981 * Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporat ...

, 1863) ('' P. nasalis'').Brian W. Coad
Freshwater Fishes of Iran
(accessed 22 Feb 2015) * ''

Proterorhinus tataricus The Chornaya tubenose goby (''Proterorhinus tataricus'') is a species of goby endemic to Crimea, Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, w ...

'' Freyhof & Naseka, 2007 (Chornaya tubenose goby)Freyhof J., Naseka A.M. (2007) ''Proterorhinus tataricus'', a new tubenose goby from Crimea, Ukraine (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 18(4): 325–33

/ref>

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q510079 Proterorhinus, Benthophilinae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot