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''Procuhy'' is an extinct
Below are the phylogenetic results of Marsicano et al. (2021):
Both these results and those of the original description by Cisneros et al. (2015) show that ''Procuhy'' is more closely related to the North American ''
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of dvinosauria
Dvinosaurs are one of several new clades of Temnospondyl amphibians named in the phylogenetic review of the group by Yates and Warren 2000. They represent a group of primitive semi-aquatic to completely aquatic amphibians, and are known from t ...
n temnospondyl
Temnospondyli (from Greek language, Greek τέμνειν, ''temnein'' 'to cut' and σπόνδυλος, ''spondylos'' 'vertebra') is a diverse order (biology), order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered Labyrinthodontia, primitive amphi ...
amphibian in the family Trimerorhachidae
Trimerorhachidae is a family of dvinosaurian temnospondyls, including Trimerorhachis and Neldasaurus.
They are vertebrates and carnivores.
Gallery
Trimerorhachis insignis life restoration.jpg, '' Trimerorhachis insignis'', of the early Permia ...
represented by the type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
''Procuhy nazariensis'' from the Early Permian 01 or '01 may refer to:
* The year 2001, or any year ending with 01
* The month of January
* 1 (number)
Music
* '01 (Richard Müller album), 01'' (Richard Müller album), 2001
* 01 (Son of Dave album), ''01'' (Son of Dave album), 2000
* 01 (Urban ...
of Brazil.
History of study
''Procuhy'' was named in 2015 on the basis of a partial skull from the lower part of the Pedra de Fogo Formation inParnaíba Basin
The Parnaíba Basin (Portuguese: ''Bacia do Parnaíba'') is a large cratonic sedimentary basin located in the North and Northeast portion of Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the ...
, which is about 278 million years old. The genus name comes from the words for 'frog' (prôt) and 'fire' (cuhy) in the local Timbira
Timbira refers to a number of related ethnolinguistic groups of Timbira-speaking Gê peoples native to Northern and Northeastern Brazil. Among those peoples grouped under the name are the Apanyekrá, Apinajé, Kanela, Gavião (Jê), Krahô ...
language of the Macro-Jê group and refers to the name of the Pedra de Fogo Formation. The species name comes from the Nazaria Municipality where the holotype was collected from. A second specimen, discovered in 2015, was described by Marsicano et al. (2021), who provided a more complete description of this taxon.
Anatomy
Both specimens of ''P. nazariensis'' are relatively fragmentary, and the taxon is diagnosed only by a unique combination of characters rather than by anyautapomorphies
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon. That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to t ...
. Per Marsicano et al., this combination is: anteriormost extension of the squamosal posterior to parietal midlength; combined width of both parietals equal to interorbital width; pineal foramen positioned posterior to the midlength of the parietal; supratemporal exposed on the posterior border of the skull table; length of the parietal more than three times its width; in the mandible, presence of postglenoid process of the surangular separated from the retroarticular process of the articular by the mandibular sulcus.
Phylogeny
Below are the phylogenetic results of Marsicano et al. (2021):
Both these results and those of the original description by Cisneros et al. (2015) show that ''Procuhy'' is more closely related to the North American ''Trimerorhachis
''Trimerorhachis'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trimerorhachidae. It is known from the Early Permian of the southwestern United States, with most fossil specimens having been found in the Texas Red Beds. Th ...
'' than to the other dvinosaur from the Pedra de Fogo Formation, '' Timonya'', although both are more closely related to North American taxa than to younger taxa from the southern hemisphere like the Early Triassic
The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which is a un ...
'' Thabanchuia'' from South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...
. A close connection to the North American taxa is also corroborated by the occurrence of the captorhinid '' Captorhinikos'' in the Pedra de Fogo Formation.
References