This is a list of
pretender
A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' ...
s to the throne of the
Duchy of Parma, which was ruled by the
House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma ( it, Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the Fren ...
until 1859, when the ducal family escaped after the Italian national insurrection linked to the
Second Italian War of Independence
The Second Italian War of Independence, also called the Franco-Austrian War, the Austro-Sardinian War or Italian War of 1859 ( it, Seconda guerra d'indipendenza italiana; french: Campagne d'Italie), was fought by the Second French Empire and t ...
.
List of pretenders
References
*{{cite web, url=http://borboneparma.it/index.php/it/, title=Reale e Ducale Casa di Borbone, date=, accessdate=23 June 2017
House of Bourbon-Parma
Duchy of Parma