Andrêsa do Nascimento (1859 27 August 1927), known as Preta Fernanda, was a courtesan and celebrated society figure in '' fin de siècle''

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

. She was also known as Fernanda do Vale (her

pen name A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen na ...

). She was, perhaps, the best known black citizen of the city in that period. Fernanda was born to poor parents in a small village near Ribeira da Barca on the island of Santiago in

Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

, probably in 1859. Cape Verde, a volcanic archipelago off the west coast of Africa, was a

Portuguese colony The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the l ...

and a nexus for the

Atlantic slave trade The Atlantic slave trade, transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and i ...

. Although slavery was abolished in Portugal nearly a century earlier, it was only selectively abolished in Cape Verde in 1857 with complete abolition in 1878. It is possible, therefore, that one or both of Fernanda's parents were enslaved when she was born or had been enslaved. When she was about 19, she sailed away from the small Atlantic island in the company of a ship's captain, Jerónimo Martins, who promised her marriage, but abandoned her once they arrived in Dakar, on the African coast. She subsequently married a German beer maker, Frederick "Fritz" Kemps, who took her to

, and with whom she had twins. According to some sources her husband died; others say he was habitually drunk and abandoned her. Regardless, Fernanda found herself alone again, and in order to support herself and her children, she worked briefly as a model for Italian sculptor Giovanni Ciniselli. She is immortalized in Dom Luís Square in Lisbon as a figure supporting the sculpture of the

Marquis of Sá da Bandeira A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman wi ...

, famed for his abolitionist efforts. Fernanda posed for Ciniselli's depiction of an enslaved African woman, broken chains on her ankles and a child in her lap. The woman faces her child while pointing at the figure of the Marquis above them, as if extolling the nobleman. The sculpture was funded by a public subscription and was unveiled by King Luís I in 1884. She found steadier work in 1889 as a lady's maid for a high society woman, a member of the influential Cavalcanti family. She stayed in this position for nearly two decades. After eighteen years, she left the lady's service and, using her savings and her society contacts, opened a brothel in Lisbon's Bairro Alto neighborhood, which she quickly established as a nightly meeting place for writers, politicians and

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of the Portuguese capital. Fernanda became one of the most famous courtesans in Lisbon; she had many lovers, from sailors and soldiers to influential writers and legal scholars, and was a regular figure at the hottest night-spots. Glamorous and unafraid of scandal, Fernanda, it is claimed, once fought a bull on horseback in Algés, and she accompanied famed author José Maria de Eça de Queirós to his box at the

Teatro da Trindade The ''Teatro da Trindade'' is a theatre in the Chiado neighbourhood of Lisbon, Portugal, built in the 19th century. It is one of the oldest theatres in Lisbon still in operation. Construction and opening In 1866, Francisco Pereira Palha de Fari ...

. She was also, reportedly, the only woman who remained in the room when futurist Almada Negreiros presented his—at the time—shocking ''Ultimatum Futurista'' in April 1917. In 1912 Fernanda published an autobiography, ''Recordações d'uma Colonial'' (''Recollections of a Colonial Subject''), written with help from two friends. The memoir tells the story of her life in Cape Verde and Portugal, but the authors sometimes forsook accuracy in favor of a more exciting story. She diligently recorded all of the men who had shared her bed (but not their true names), and in the final chapter offered candid commentary on each man's sexual performance. A modern reader notes that, in today's context, the language of the book is racist and reflects stereotypes of its time. Little is known of her life after 1912. Fernanda died in Lisbon on 20 August 1927.

References

External links

''Recordações d'uma Colonial'' at archive.org
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernanda, Preta 1859 births 1927 deaths People from Santiago, Cape Verde People from Lisbon Cape Verdean emigrants to Portugal Portuguese sex workers Courtesans Portuguese brothel owners and madams Portuguese artists' models 20th-century Portuguese women writers Cape Verdean women writers Portuguese women non-fiction writers Cape Verdean non-fiction writers Pseudonymous women writers 20th-century memoirists Women memoirists 20th-century pseudonymous writers