Presidente Hayes () is a
department
Department may refer to:
* Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility
Government and military
*Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
in
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
. The capital is the city of
Villa Hayes
Villa Hayes () is a city in Paraguay, and is the capital of Presidente Hayes Department.
Name
Known as "the City of the Five Names", it was eventually named in honor of Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States.
Weather
The c ...
. The department was named after
U.S. President
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (; October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor ...
, who awarded the territory to Paraguay while arbitrating a boundary dispute between Paraguay and
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
after the
Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
.
Districts
The department is divided into eight districts:
#
Benjamín Aceval
#
Campo Aceval
#
General Bruguez
#
José Falcón
José Carlos Frita Falcão, known as José Falcón (30 August 1944 – 11 August 1974) was a Portuguese matador whose bullfighting career spanned just over a decade. , he was the last matador to be killed in the ring.
Born in Aldeia de Póvo ...
#
Nanawa
Nanawa is a town in the Presidente Hayes department of Paraguay. The urban area is divided by the Pilcomayo River from the city of Clorinda in the country of Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, Rep ...
(Puerto Elsa)
#
Nueva Asunción
Nueva is the Spanish feminine form of the word for "new" and may refer to:
* Isla Nueva, an uninhabited island in Chile
* The Nueva School, a school in Hillsborough, California, USA.
* Nueva (Llanes)
Nueva is one of 28 parishes (administr ...
(Chaco’í)
#
Puerto Pinasco
#
Teniente Esteban Martínez
#
Teniente Primero Manuel Irala Fernández
#
Villa Hayes
Villa Hayes () is a city in Paraguay, and is the capital of Presidente Hayes Department.
Name
Known as "the City of the Five Names", it was eventually named in honor of Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States.
Weather
The c ...
History
In the colonial period, conflicts between settlers and native tribes resulted in the abandonment of towns and missions including
Melodía
''Melodía'' is the fourth album by Spanish singer Melody. She released it on October 18, 2004, at the age of 14. The album saw her move towards a more teenage demographic.
The album was produced by Danilo Ballo and a team led by Emanuele Ruff ...
,
Timbó (Paraguay)
Timbó is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
It is located at 26º49'24" from latitude South and 49º16'18" from longitude west, at an altitude of 68 meters. Its population in 2020 was 44,977 inhabitants ...
,
Naranjajay, and
Remolinos (Paraguay)
Remolinos is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE
INE, Ine or ine may refer to:
Institutions
* Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, a German nuclear research center
* Instituto Naci ...
.
Only
Fort Borbon
{{Infobox settlement
, official_name = Fuerte Olimpo
, motto =
, image_skyline =
, imagesize =
, image_caption =
, image_flag = Flag of Paraguay.svg
, image_shield =Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg
, image_map ...
, today called
Fort Olimpo, survived. Founded during the government of
Joaquín Alós y Brú
Joaquín or Joaquin is a male given name, the Spanish version of Joachim.
Given name
* Joaquín (footballer, born 1956), Spanish football midfielder
* Joaquín (footballer, born 1981), Spanish football winger
* Joaquín (footballer, born 1982 ...
, the garrison contained the southern advance of the
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
.
French settlers tried but failed to settle the area, with the exception of
Villa Occidental.
After the
Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
of 1864-1870, U.S. President
Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (; October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor ...
arbitrated a boundary dispute between Argentina and Paraguay and ultimately awarded the territory to Paraguay in 1878. In gratitude, Paraguay renamed the department as "Presidente Hayes" and the capital as "Villa Hayes".
In 1906, during the political division of Paraguay, the department was divided into two regions, Oriental and Occidental. The latter was divided in military headquarters that depended on the War and Marine Ministry.
Important dates for this department include June 12 (Chaco Peace Day), September 29 (Boquerón Victory Day) and November 12 (
Laudo Hayes Firm Day).
Geography
Borders
Located between parallels 22° 03′ and 25° 20′ of South latitude and the meridians 57° 15′ and 61° 00′ of longitude West.
* To the North:
Alto Paraguay department
Alto Paraguay (; ''Upper Paraguay'') is the least populous as well as a sparsely populated department of Paraguay. The capital is the town of Fuerte Olimpo.
In 1992, the Chaco Department was merged with Alto Paraguay.
Nature and national park ...
, from which is separated by the road of the railway from "km 160" to "km 20", from this point by an imaginary straight line until
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in ...
.
* To the South:
Formosa Province
Formosa Province () is a Provinces of Argentina, province in northeastern Argentina, part of the Gran Chaco Region. Formosa's northeast end touches Asunción, Paraguay, and the province borders the provinces of Chaco Province, Chaco and Salta Pr ...
,
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
, from which is separated by the Pilcomayo River, all the way from its flow into the
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in ...
to the San Lorenzo Mission.
* To the East: the departments
Concepción,
San Pedro,
Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from , a diminutive of ('rope').
The term is most commonly us ...
and
Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
; Presidente Hayes is separated from them by the Paraguay River, from its flow into the La Paz River until the Pilcomayo River.
* To the West:
Boquerón department Boquerón may refer to:
* Boquerón, Cuba
* Boquerón, Las Piedras, Puerto Rico
*Boquerón, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
* Boquerón Bay, Puerto Rico
* Boquerón, Chiriquí, Panama
* Boquerón Department, Paraguay
* Boquerón (island), an island in the Ar ...
, separated by the road that connects the San Lorenzo Mission with the Forts Gral. Díaz, Avalos Sánchez, Zenteno, Dr. Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Boquerón, Isla Poí and Casanillo, and from this point with an imaginary straight line until "km 160".
Climate
The temperature reaches 44 °C in summer and drops to 0 °C in winter, the average temperature is 26 °C. The average amount of precipitation is between 900 and 1,200 millimeters annually.
Hydrography
The Paraguay River forms one border of the department. The tributary rivers Pilcomayo, San Carlos, Siete Puntas, Negro, Verde, Montelindo, Aguaray Guazú, and Confuso also flow through the department but are not navigable for big ships. To the south lies the Patiño Swamp.
The city of
Villa Hayes
Villa Hayes () is a city in Paraguay, and is the capital of Presidente Hayes Department.
Name
Known as "the City of the Five Names", it was eventually named in honor of Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States.
Weather
The c ...
floods frequently when the rivers overflow. The land elsewhere in the department is higher.
Environment
There are four ecosystems in the Chaco territory: the floodplain of the Paraguay River, Pozo Azul, Laguna Salada, and the Floodplain of the Pilcomayo River.
The Pilcomayo River's deviation towards Argentina has produced several changes in the habits of the people; the drought causes the migration of the jacarés to most humid areas and spreads diseases.
Endangered flora include
timbó
Timbó is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
It is located at 26º49'24" from latitude South and 49º16'18" from longitude west, at an altitude of 68 meters. Its population in 2020 was 44,977 inhabitants ...
,
samu'u, white and red
quebracho, and
karanday
''Copernicia alba'' is a South American species of palm tree, which is found in the Humid Chaco ecoregion in Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil (in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and Argentina (especially the province of ...
and endangered fauna include
carpincho,
jurumi,
jacaré, and
tapir
Tapirs ( ) are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk. Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America, with one species inhabit ...
.
The east has saline soil and the south has calcareous soil. The hills Confuso, Siete Cabezas and Galván are small elevations.
Economy
Industry and business
Presidente Hayes leads Paraguay in production of
cattle
Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult mal ...
, and is second in production of horses.
The population is heavily involved in agriculture; the department is third place in production of
sorghum
''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...
.
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor perce ...
and
sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with ...
are also agricultural products of the area; Villa Hayes and
Benjamín Aceval are notable for production of sugarcane.
In Villa Hayes are the sugar factory Censi and Pirota.
Sawmill
A sawmill (saw mill, saw-mill) or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes (dimensi ...
s,
ceramic
A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain ...
factories and
steel
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...
mills are also in the city.
ACEPAR, Aceros del Paraguay, is an important iron and steel industry and is also located in Villa Hayes.
In addition, in Villa Hayes is Astillero Chaco Paraguayo S.A., a specialising in the construction of launches for heavy loads, fuel and vegetable oil transportation. There is also soap and lime factories and an
ESSO
Esso () is a trading name for ExxonMobil. Originally, the name was primarily used by its predecessor Standard Oil of New Jersey after the breakup of the original Standard Oil company in 1911. The company adopted the name "Esso" (the phonetic p ...
plant of fuel and lubricants.
Puerto Falcón trades heavily with Argentina and also sees a lot of tourism. Tinfunqué National Park is a major tourist attraction with an area of 280,000 hectares.
Transportation and services
The most important way of transportation is Route No. 9 "Carlos Antonio López" also known as "Transchaco", which cross the Paraguay River through the Remanso Bridge and extends to
Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center
, flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
.
The Route No. 12 "Vice Presidente Sánchez" borders Pilcomayo River, but is not passable when raining.
The road Pozo Colorado-Puerto Milirar reaches Concepción, crossing the Paraguay River through a bridge.
The different roads that connect portions of the department have the inconvenience of being impassable during the rainy season.
Paraguay River is the most used way to communicate with Puerto Pinasco.
In Puerto Falcón, is possible the communication with the Argentine city
Clorinda through the San Ignacio de Loyola International Bridge.
The cattle establishments use aerial ways.
There are two FM radio stations, Radio Villa Hayes and Dyon. About 3,200 people count with phone service.
There are 16,865 households in the department, 6,165 in the urban area, and 10,700 in the rural area. The percentage of which count with basic facilities are the following:
* Electric power: 39.9%
* Running water: 19.1%
* Trash collection: 4.3%
Health and education
The region has 96 institutions of elementary education, 192 of basic education and 29 of high school education.
There are 38 hospitals and health care centers.
See also
*
List of high schools in Presidente Hayes
*
Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
*
Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (; October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor ...
References
* Geografía Ilustrada del Paraguay, Distribuidora Arami SRL; 2007.
* Geografía del Paraguay, Primera Edición 1999, Editorial Hispana Paraguay SRL
External links
SENATUR
{{Rutherford B. Hayes
Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes