''Potamopyrgus'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of minute
freshwater snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...
s with an
operculum,
aquatic gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s or
micromollusc
A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also r ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Tateidae
Tateidae is a family of very small and minute aquatic snails with an operculum, gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Tateidae Thiele, 1925. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...
.
[Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014); Criscione and Ponder 2013. ''Potamopyrgus'' Stimpson, 1865. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=147122 on 2014-07-29]
Description
Stimpson (1865) described the genus as follows: “Shell ovate-conic, imperforate; apex acute; whorls coronated with spines; outer whorl nearly two-thirds the length of the shell; aperture ovate, outer lip acute. Operculum corneous, subspiral. Foot rather short for the length of the shell, broadest in front and strongly auriculated. Tentacles very long, slender, and tapering. Eyes on very prominent tubercles. Rostrum of moderate size.”
Distribution
This genus is
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
and south eastern
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
.
However, one species within this genus, ''P. antipodarum'', has been accidentally introduced in many countries worldwide, especially in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
and
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
, and has become a problematic
invasive species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
.
Species
Species within the genus ''Potamopyrgus'' include:
* ''
Potamopyrgus acus
''Potamopyrgus acus'' is a critically endangered species of fresh water snail native to New Zealand.
Habitat
This snail has been found in only one location in a gully, on a very small and steep limestone bank, at Limestone Downs Station in the ...
''
Haase, 2008
* ''
Potamopyrgus alexenkoae''
Anistratenko in Anistratenko & Stadnichenko, 1995
* ''
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
The New Zealand mud snail (''Potamopyrgus antipodarum'') is a species of very small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum. This aquatic gastropod mollusk is in the family Tateidae.
It is native to New Zealand, where it is found through ...
''
J. E. Gray, 1843 - (syn. ''
Potamopyrgus jenkinsi'')
* ''
Potamopyrgus ciliatus''
(Gould, 1850)
* ''
Potamopyrgus corolla''
( Gould 1852[Stimpson 1865]) (Type species)
* ''
Potamopyrgus dawbini''
Powell
Powell may refer to:
People
* Powell (surname)
* Powell (given name)
* Powell baronets, several baronetcies
*Colonel Powell (disambiguation), several military officers
*General Powell (disambiguation), several military leaders
*Governor Powell (di ...
, 1955
* ''
Potamopyrgus doci''
Haase, 2008
* ''
Potamopyrgus estuarinus''
Winterbourn, 1970
* ''
Potamopyrgus kaitunaparaoa''
Haase, 2008
* ''
Potamopyrgus melvilli''
Hedley, 1916
* ''
Potamopyrgus oppidanus''
Haase, 2008
* ''
Potamopyrgus oscitans''
Iredale, 1944
* ''
Potamopyrgus polistchuki''
Anistratenko, 1991
* ''
Potamopyrgus pupoides''
Hutton, 1882
* ''
Potamopyrgus troglodytes''
Climo, 1974
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Potamopyrgus amazonicus''
Haas, 1949: synonym of ''
Dyris amazonicus''
(Haas, 1949)
* ''Potamopyrgus brevior''
Ancey, 1905: synonym of ''
Fluviopupa brevior''
(Ancey, 1905)
* ''Potamopyrgus cresswelli''
Climo, F. M., 1974: synonym of ''
Rakiurapyrgus cresswelli''
(Climo, 1974)
* ''Potamopyrgus gardneri''
Climo, 1974: synonym of ''
Rakipyrgus gardneri''
(Climo, 1974)
* ''Potamopyrgus jenkinsi''
E. A. Smith, 1889: synonym of ''
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
The New Zealand mud snail (''Potamopyrgus antipodarum'') is a species of very small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum. This aquatic gastropod mollusk is in the family Tateidae.
It is native to New Zealand, where it is found through ...
''
J.E. Gray, 1843
* ''Potamopyrgus manneringi''
Climo, 1974: synonym of ''
Leptopyrgus manneringi''
(Climo, 1974)
* ''Potamopyrgus ruppiae''
Hedley, 1912: synonym of ''
Ascorhis victoriae''
Tenison-Woods, 1878
* ''Potamopyrgus subterraneus''
Suter
Suter is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Alexis P. Suter (born 1963), American blues, and soul blues singer and songwriter
* Andrew Burn Suter (1830–1895), Bishop of the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand
* August Suter (1887& ...
, 1905: synonym of ''
Tongapyrgus subterraneus''
(Suter, 1905)
References
*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Criscione, F. and W.F. Ponder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of rissooidean and cingulopsoidea families (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66(3):1075-1082.
* Stimson, W. 1865. Diagnoses of newly discovered genera of Gasteropods, belonging to the sub-fam. Hydrobiinae, of the family Rissoidae. American Journal of Conchology 1:52-54.
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
Winterbourn, M. 1970. The New Zealand species of Potamopyrgus (Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae). Malacalogia 10(2):283-321
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7234655
Tateidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Taxa named by William Stimpson