The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

shipyard A shipyard, also called a dockyard or boatyard, is a place where ships are built and repaired. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance ...

in Kittery on the southern boundary of

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and nor ...

near the city of

Portsmouth, New Hampshire Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2020 census it had a population of 21,956. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsm ...

. Founded in 1800, PNS is U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. Today, most of its work concerns the overhaul, repair, and modernization of

submarines A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

. As of November 2021, the shipyard employed more than 6,500 federal employees. As well, some of the work is performed by private corporations (e.g., Delphinius Engineering of Eddystone, Pennsylvania; Oceaneering International of Chesapeake, Virginia; Orbis Sibro of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; and Q.E.D. Systems Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia).

History

The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard was established on June 12, 1800, during the administration of President

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...

. It sits on a cluster of conjoined islands called Seavey's Island in the Piscataqua River, whose swift tidal current prevents ice from blocking navigation to the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

. The area has a long tradition of

shipbuilding Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to bef ...

. Since colonial settlement,

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

and Maine forests provided

lumber Lumber is wood that has been processed into dimensional lumber, including beams and planks or boards, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, w ...

for wooden boat construction. , considered the first British

warship A warship or combatant ship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the armed forces of a state. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster ...

built in the

Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centu ...

, was commissioned here in 1696. The

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Fr ...

reserved the tallest and straightest

eastern white pine ''Pinus strobus'', commonly called the eastern white pine, northern white pine, white pine, Weymouth pine (British), and soft pine is a large pine native to eastern North America. It occurs from Newfoundland, Canada west through the Great Lake ...

trees for masts, emblazening the

bark Bark may refer to: * Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant such as a tree or stick * Bark (sound), a vocalization of some animals (which is commonly the dog) Places * Bark, Germany * Bark, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Arts, e ...

with a crown symbol. During the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

, the was built in 1776 on Badger's Island in Kittery, and became the first vessel to fly an American flag into battle. ''Raleigh'' has been depicted on the Seal of New Hampshire since 1784, even though she was captured and served in the British Navy. Other warships followed, including launched in 1777; Commanded by Captain John Paul Jones, it became the first U. S. Navy vessel to receive an official salute at sea from a foreign power. The 36-gun frigate , one of the first six frigates of the United States Navy, was built at the shipyard from 1795 to 1799. In the 1790s, Navy Secretary Benjamin Stoddert decided to build the first federal shipyard. He put it where a proven

workforce The workforce or labour force is a concept referring to the pool of human beings either in employment or in unemployment. It is generally used to describe those working for a single company or industry, but can also apply to a geographic reg ...

had access to abundant raw materials: Fernald's Island, for which the government paid $5,500. To protect the new installation, old Fort William and Mary at the mouth of

Portsmouth Harbor The Piscataqua River (Abenaki: ''Pskehtekwis'') is a tidal river forming the boundary of the U.S. states of New Hampshire and Maine from its origin at the confluence of the Salmon Falls River and Cochecho River. The drainage basin of the rive ...

was rebuilt and renamed Fort Constitution. Commodore

Isaac Hull Isaac Hull (March 9, 1773 – February 13, 1843) was a Commodore in the United States Navy. He commanded several famous U.S. naval warships including ("Old Ironsides") and saw service in the undeclared naval Quasi War with the revolutionary Fr ...

was the first naval officer to command the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; he led it from 1800 until 1802, and again in 1812 during the

War of 1812 The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It be ...

. The yard's first product was the 74-gun

ship of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colu ...

, supervised by local master shipbuilder William Badger and launched in 1814.

Barracks Barracks are usually a group of long buildings built to house military personnel or laborers. The English word originates from the 17th century via French and Italian from an old Spanish word "barraca" ("soldier's tent"), but today barracks are u ...

were built in 1820, with

Marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military ...

barracks added in 1827. A hospital was established in 1834. Architect Alexander Parris was appointed chief

engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considerin ...

for the base. In 1838, the Franklin Shiphouse was completed: long, wide, and measuring from floor to center of its ridgepole. It carried 130 tons of

slate Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. ...

on a gambrel roof. It was lengthened in 1854 to accommodate (from which it took its name); the largest wooden warship built at the yard, it required a decade to finish. The structure was considered one of the largest shiphouses in the country until it burned at 5 a.m. on March 10, 1936. Perhaps the most famous vessel ever overhauled at the yard was , also called "Old Ironsides," in 1855.Brief History of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
/ref> John D Sloat to SecNav 2 Nov 1842 re wages at Portsmouth NH shipyard, p 2

John D Sloat to SecNav 2 Nov 1842 re wages at Portsmouth NH shipyard, p 2

On November 2, 1842, Commodore

John Drake Sloat John Drake Sloat (July 26, 1781 – November 28, 1867) was a commodore in the United States Navy who, in 1846, claimed California for the United States. Life He was born at the family home of Sloat House in Sloatsburg, New York, of Dutch ancestr ...

responded to a request by Navy Secretary

Abel P. Upshur Abel Parker Upshur (June 17, 1790 – February 28, 1844) was a lawyer, planter, slaveowner, judge and politician from the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Active in Virginia state politics for decades, with a brother and a nephew who became distinguis ...

for information about wages and working hours at the shipyard. Sloat said the "time of work is from sunrise until sunset, except when the sun rises before 7 o'clock or sets after 6 when they commence work at 7 and quit at 6 o clock, not exceeding 10 hours labor at any season of the year." He added that wages "are always fluctuating according to the demand for mechanics". Peace Treaty Building, Portsmouth Navy Yard

Peace Treaty Building, Portsmouth Navy Yard

Prisoners of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of w ...

from the

Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (clock ...

were encamped in 1898 on the grounds of the base. In 1905, construction began on the

Portsmouth Naval Prison Portsmouth Naval Prison is a former U.S. Navy and Marine Corps prison on the grounds of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) in Kittery, Maine. The building has the appearance of a castle. The reinforced concrete naval prison was occupied from 19 ...

, a military prison dubbed "The Castle" because of its resemblance to a

crenellated A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (i.e., a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at interva ...

castle A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it to be the private fortified r ...

. It was the principal prison for the Navy and Marine Corps, as well as housing for many German

U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ...

crews after capture, until it closed in 1974. Also in 1905, the Portsmouth Navy Yard hosted the

Treaty of Portsmouth A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal perso ...

which ended the

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...

. For arranging the

peace conference A peace conference is a diplomatic meeting where representatives of certain states, armies, or other warring parties converge to end hostilities and sign a peace treaty. Significant international peace conferences in the past include the follo ...

, President

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...

won the 1906

Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemi ...

. Delegates met in the General Stores Building, now the Administration Building (called Building 86). In 2005, a summer-long series of events marked the 100th anniversary of the signing of the treaty, including a visit by a Navy

destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in ...

, a parade, and a re-enactment of the arrival of

diplomat A diplomat (from grc, δίπλωμα; romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernmental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or internati ...

s from the two nations. USS-L8

During

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, the shipyard began constructing

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

s, with being the first ever built by a U. S. navy yard. Meanwhile, the base continued to overhaul and repair surface vessels. Consequently, the workforce grew to nearly 5,000 civilians. It grew to almost 25,000 civilians in

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

when over 70 submarines were constructed at the yard, with a record of 4 launched in a single day. When the war ended, the shipyard became the Navy's center for submarine design and development. In 1953, revolutionized submarine design around the world with its

teardrop hull A teardrop hull is a submarine hull design which emphasizes submerged performance over surfaced performance. It was somewhat commonly used in the early stages of submarine development, but was gradually abandoned in the early 20th century in fav ...

and round cross-section. It is now a museum and tourist attraction in Portsmouth. , the first

nuclear-powered Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced b ...

submarine built at the base, was launched in 1957. The last submarine built here was , launched in 1969. Today the shipyard provides overhaul, refueling, and modernization work. In the early years of submarine construction, the wood from

lignum vitae Lignum vitae () is a wood, also called guayacan or guaiacum, and in parts of Europe known as Pockholz or pokhout, from trees of the genus ''Guaiacum''. The trees are indigenous to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America (e.g: Col ...

tree logs was used for propeller shaft bearings. A small pond at Portsmouth, near the Naval Prison, was used to keep the lignum vitae logs submerged in water in order to prevent the wood from cracking. Although the use of wood was discontinued as construction techniques improved, many of the logs were still present during the construction of between 1963 and 1967. In 1994, the shipyard was placed on the EPA's National Priorities List (NPL) for environmental investigations/restorations under CERCLA (

Superfund Superfund is a United States federal environmental remediation program established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The program is administered by the United States Environmental Pro ...

). The

2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission preliminary list was released by the United States Department of Defense on May 13, 2005. It was the fifth Base Realignment and Closure ("BRAC") proposal generated since the process was created in ...

placed the yard on a list for base closures, effective by 2008. Employees organized the Save Our Shipyard campaign to influence the committee to reverse its decision. On 24 August 2005, the base was taken off the list and continues operating under its motto, "From Sails to Atoms." The shipyard earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation in 2005. The MUC recognized the shipyard for meritorious service from September 11, 2001, to August 30, 2004. Portsmouth Naval Shipyard accomplishments achieved during that period included completion of six major submarine availabilities early, exceeding Net Operation Results financial goals, reducing injuries by more than 50 percent, and exceeding the Secretary of Defense's Fiscal Year 2006 Stretch Goal for lost workday compensation rates two years early. In addition to the Navy presence, the United States Army New England Recruiting Battalion moved to PNSY in June 2010 from the closed

Brunswick Naval Air Station Naval Air Station Brunswick , also known as NAS Brunswick, was a military airport located southeast of Brunswick, Maine, with a number of Navy-operated maritime patrol aircraft. As of November 28, 2009, the last aircraft ( P-3 Orions) left. The ...

. The United States Coast Guard uses the Portsmouth Navy Yard as the home port for the medium-endurance cutters , , and . PNS is undergoing substantial construction and infrastructure upgrades. In fiscal 2020, Navy contracts were issued to renovate the communications building, build a super flood basin and extend crane rails in Dry Dock 1, upgrade crane rails in Dry Dock 2, renovate Building 2, and implement sundry waterfront projects. The summer of 2021 saw an uptick in construction contracts issued for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, including purchase and installation of three 12,000-gallon-per-minute dewatering pumps for the Dry Dock 1 extension, ongoing construction of the Dry Dock 2 complex, commencement of construction on the Virginia-class submarine waterfront support facility (Building 178), and a $1.73 billion contract for building a dry dock for maintenance and upgrade of Virginia-class submarines.

Boundary dispute

New Hampshire laid claim to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard until the

U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

dismissed the case in 2001, asserting

judicial estoppel In the common law, judicial estoppel (also known as estoppel by inconsistent positions) is an estoppel that precludes a party from taking a position in a case that is contrary to a position it has taken in earlier legal proceedings. Although, in th ...

. Had it been found to belong to New Hampshire, base employees (and their spouses regardless of whether they themselves worked in Maine) from that state would no longer be required to pay Maine income tax. Despite the court's ruling, New Hampshire's 2006 Session House Joint Resolution 1 reaffirmed its sovereignty assertion over Seavey's Island and the base.

Safety concerns

CDC The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency, under the Department of Health and Human Services, and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgi ...

NIOSH The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, ) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the C ...

study released in 2005 examined the cases of 115 employees at the shipyard who had died of

leukemia Leukemia ( also spelled leukaemia and pronounced ) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called ''blasts'' or ' ...

between 1952 and 1992. The results suggested that leukemia mortality risk increased with increasing cumulative occupational

ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel ...

dose among PNS workers.

Dry docks and slipways

Notable ships built at shipyard predecessors

Piscataqua River region * 1690 — HMS ''Falkland'' - (50-gun

fourth-rate In 1603 all English warships with a compliment of fewer than 160 men were known as 'small ships'. In 1625/26 to establish pay rates for officers a six tier naval ship rating system was introduced.Winfield 2009 These small ships were divided i ...

)Alden 1964 p. 92 * 1696 — HMS ''Bedford Galley'' - (32-gun

fifth-rate In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six " ratings" based on size and firepower. Rating The rating system in the Royal N ...

) * 1749 — HMS ''America'' - (60-gun

) Badger's Island * 1776 — - (32-gun

frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...

) * 1777 — - (18-gun

sloop-of-war In the 18th century and most of the 19th, a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns. The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above; thus, the term ''sloop-of-war'' enc ...

) * 1782 — - (74-gun

) * 1791 — - (

revenue cutter A cutter is a type of watercraft. The term has several meanings. It can apply to the rig (or sailplan) of a sailing vessel (but with regional differences in definition), to a governmental enforcement agency vessel (such as a coast guard or bor ...

) * 1797 — - (36-gun

) * 1798 — - (24-gun

) * 1799 — - (38-gun

)

Notable ships built at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

USS Congress & USS Susquehanna at Naples

* 1814 — - (74-gun

) * 1820 — - (11-gun

schooner A schooner () is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. A common variant, the topsail schoon ...

) * 1828 — - (24-gun

) * 1839 — - (20-gun

) * 1841 — - (50-gun

) * 1842 — - (24-gun

) * 1843 — - (24-gun

) * 1848 — - (steam sloop) * 1855 — - (44-gun

) * 1855 — LV-1 - Lightship ''Nantucket'' * 1859 — - (steam sloop) * 1861 — - (steam sloop) * 1861 — - (steam sloop) * 1861 — - (side-wheel steam gunboat) * 1861 — - (side-wheel steam gunboat) * 1862 — - (side-wheel steam gunboat) * 1862 — - (side-wheel steam gunboat) * 1862 — - (side-wheel steam gunboat) * 1862 — - (steam sloop) * 1863 — - (steam gunboat) * 1863 — - (steam gunboat) * 1863 — - ( Miantonomoh-class monitor) * 1864 — - (74-gun

) * 1864 — - (steam sloop) * 1864 — - (steam frigate) * 1864 — - (side-wheel steam gunboat) * 1864 — - (

tugboat A tugboat or tug is a marine vessel that manoeuvres other vessels by pushing or pulling them, with direct contact or a tow line. These boats typically tug ships in circumstances where they cannot or should not move under their own power, su ...

) * 1864 — - (

) * 1865 — - (steam gunboat) * 1866 — - (steam frigate) * 1867 — - (steam frigate) * 1868 — - (steam sloop) * 1874 — - (steam sloop) USS S-13 in port

* 1905 — - ( training brigantine) * 1908 — - (

) * 1917 — - (

United States L-class submarine The United States L-class submarines were a class of 11 submarines built 1914–1917, and were the United States Navy's first attempt at designing and building ocean-going submarines. At the time there was a significant gap in long-range submar ...

) * 1918 — - ( United States O-class submarine) * 1918 — - (

United States S-class submarine The United States' S-class submarines, often simply called S-boats (sometimes "Sugar" boats, after the then-contemporary Navy phonetic alphabet for "S"), were the first class of submarines with a significant number built to United States Navy des ...

) * 1919 — - (

) * 1920 — - (

) * 1921 — - (

) * 1924 — - (diesel submarine) * 1924 — - (diesel submarine) * 1924 — - (diesel submarine) * 1928 — - (diesel submarine minelayer) 3

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

patrolsBlair(1975)pp.875-957 * 1929 — - (diesel submarine cruiser) sank 6 ships in 15

patrols * 1932 — - (diesel submarine) 3

patrols * 1933 — - (diesel submarine) 3

patrols

* 1934 — - ( USCG ''Calumet''-class harbor tug)Fahey 1941 p. 43 * 4 of 10 s ** 1935 — - sank 2 ships in 6

patrols ** 1935 — - sank 1 ship in 8

patrols ** 1936 — - sank 13 ships in 12

patrols ** 1936 — - sank 11 ships in 11

patrols * 2 of 6 s ** 1937 — - sank 4 ships in 11

patrols ** 1937 — - sank 2 ships in 16

patrols * 4 of 10 s ** 1938 — - sank 3 ships in 9

patrols ** 1939 — - sank 7 ships in 12

patrols ** 1939 — - sank 3 ships in 13

patrols ** 1939 — - sank 18 ships in 15

patrols * 4 of 12 s ** 1940 — - sank 11 ships in 6

patrols ** 1940 — - sank 12 ships in 11

patrols ** 1940 — - sank 2 ships in 8

patrols ** 1940 — - sank 1 ship in 6

patrols * 1 of 2 s ** 1941 — * 14 of 77 s ** 1941 — - sank 12 ships in 13

patrols ** 1941 — - sank 15 ships in 12

patrols ** 1941 — - sank 11 ships in 12

patrols ** 1941 — - sank 8 ships in 13

patrols ** 1941 — - sank 12 ships in 10

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 6 ships in 5

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

and 3

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 14 ships in 12

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 3 ships in 11

patrols ** 1942 — - 3

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 6 ships in 10

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 5 ships in 8

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 4 ships in 4

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 17 ships in 9

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 4 ships in 7

patrols

* 42 of 120 s Alden 1964 p. 93 ** 1942 — - sank 6 ships in 10

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 3 ships in 8

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 16 ships in 9

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 7 ships in 8

patrols ** 1942 — - sank 1 ship in 1

patrol ** 1942 — - 1

patrol ** 1943 — - sank 8 ships in 7

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 3 ships in 8

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 6 ships in 7

patrols

** 1943 — - sank 2 ships in 7

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 1 ship in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 10 ships in 5

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 13 ships in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 5 ships in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 8 ships in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 8 ships in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 2 ships in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 2 ships in 5

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 4 ships in 6

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 4 ships in 5

patrols ** 1943 — - sank 8 ships in 5

patrols ** 1944 — - 5

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 5 ships in 2

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 2 ships in 5

patrols ** 1944 — - 5

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 2 ships in 5

patrols ** 1944 — - 2

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 5 ships in 5

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 9 ships in 4

patrols ** 1944 — - Alden 1964 p. 93 4

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 6 ships in 4

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 1 ship in 4

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 2 ships in 3

patrols ** 1944 — - 4

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 6 ships in 3

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 7 ships in 4

patrols ** 1944 — - 3

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 3 ships in 3

patrols * 24 of 29 s ** 1944 — - sank 4 ships in 3

patrols ** 1944 — - 1

patrol ** 1944 — - 2

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 8 ships in 2

patrols ** 1944 — - 2

patrols ** 1944 — - sank 3 ships in 2

patrols ** 1944 — - 1

patrol ** 1944 — - sank 1 ship in 1

patrol ** 1944 — - sank 1 ship in 2

patrols ** 1944 — ** 1944 — - 1

patrol ** 1944 — - 1

patrol ** 1944 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — ** 1945 — * 1951 — - ( diesel submarine) * 1951 — - ( diesel submarine)

* 1951 — - ( diesel submarine) * 1953 — - (experimental diesel submarine) * 1955 — - (RADAR picket submarine) * 1956 — - (RADAR picket submarine) * 1958 — - (guided missile diesel submarine) * 1958 — - (

nuclear submarine A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor, but not necessarily nuclear-armed. Nuclear submarines have considerable performance advantages over "conventional" (typically diesel-electric) submarines. Nuclear propulsion, ...

) * 1958 — - ( fast diesel submarine) * 1958 — - (

) * 1960 — - ( nuclear fast attack submarine) * 1960 — - ( nuclear ballistic missile submarine) * 1963 — - ( nuclear fast attack submarine) * 1961 — - ( nuclear fast attack submarine) * 1963 — - ( nuclear ballistic missile submarine) * 1964 — - ( nuclear ballistic missile submarine) * 1967 — - ( nuclear fast attack submarine)Blackman 1970-71 p. 466 * 1968 — - (experimental diesel submarine)Blackman 1970-71 p. 476 * 1969 — - ( nuclear fast attack submarine)

References

* Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum & Research Library (Building 31) * * * * * *

External links

Naval Shipyard official website

''USS Albacore'' Museum
{{Authority control United States Navy shipyards Military installations in Maine Military Superfund sites History of Maine History of New Hampshire Buildings and structures in York County, Maine Superfund sites in Maine Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine 1800 establishments in the United States National Register of Historic Places in York County, Maine Shipyards on the National Register of Historic Places Shipyards building World War II warships

History

Boundary dispute

Safety concerns

Dry docks and slipways

Notable ships built at shipyard predecessors

Notable ships built at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

See also

References

External links