The Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST of 1894 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-

Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...

era in the

Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope ( af, Kaap die Goeie Hoop ) ;''Kaap'' in isolation: pt, Cabo da Boa Esperança is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is t ...

. Between 1894 and 1902, eight locomotives entered shunting service at the Port Elizabeth Harbour. They were taken onto the Cape Government Railways roster in 1908 and all of them were still in service when the South African Railways classification and renumbering was implemented in 1912.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). ''The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways'' (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1944. pp. 253-257.

Manufacturers

In 1894 and 1895, four locomotives were delivered to the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board (PEHB) from

Black, Hawthorn & Co Black, Hawthorn and Company was a steam locomotive manufacturer with a works situated in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK. John Coulthard and Son The Quarry Field Works was opened in 1835 by John and Ralph Coulthard, known as John Coulthard and Son ...

mpany. They were numbered in the range from 1 to 4 and placed in service as harbour shunters at

Port Elizabeth Gqeberha (), formerly Port Elizabeth and colloquially often referred to as P.E., is a major seaport and the most populous city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the seat of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Sou ...

Harbour. By 1901, their numbers 1 to 4 had been replaced by the letters D to G. During 1896, the firm of Black, Hawthorn was taken over by

Chapman and Furneaux Black, Hawthorn and Company was a steam locomotive manufacturer with a works situated in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK. John Coulthard and Son The Quarry Field Works was opened in 1835 by John and Ralph Coulthard, known as John Coulthard and Son ...

, who delivered another two of these locomotives in 1901. Instead of being numbered, these were lettered K and L. The firm of Chapman and Furneaux closed down in 1902. Two locomotives which had been ordered from them in February 1902, order numbers 1213 and 1214, were built instead by Hudswell, Clarke & Company, ex works in July 1902 with works numbers 616 and 617. These two were lettered M and N.

Service

Kowie Railway

In 1904, one of these locomotives, ex no. 4/G, was sent to

Port Alfred A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...

on loan to the Kowie Railway Company, who used it as yard engine in Port Alfred station. While there, the name plates from the then recently withdrawn broad gauge engine ''Aid'' of 1878 were affixed to the saddle-tank of no. 4, and it became the engine ''Aid'' reincarnated. Many people erroneously believed that it was one-and-the-same locomotive, to the extent that it later became accepted as fact. The locomotive was returned to

in 1910.

Cape Government Railways

In terms of Act 38 of 1908, the

Cape Government Railways The Cape Government Railways (CGR) was the government-owned railway operator in the Cape Colony from 1874 until the creation of the South African Railways (SAR) in 1910. History Private railways The first railways at the Cape were privately own ...

(CGR) became responsible for the administration of the three major harbours in the Cape of Good Hope with effect from 1 January 1909. The locomotives were therefore all taken onto the CGR roster and renumbered in the range from 1015 to 1022.

South African Railways

When the

Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Trans ...

was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR,

Natal Government Railways The Natal Government Railways (NGR) was formed in January 1877 in the Colony of Natal. In 1877, the Natal Government Railways acquired the Natal Railway Company for the sum of £40,000, gaining the line from the Point to Durban and from Durban ...

and

Central South African Railways The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of ...

) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.''The South African Railways - Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25. In 1912, these locomotives were considered obsolete by the South African Railways (SAR) and renumbered by having the numeral "0" prefixed to their existing numbers.''Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists'', issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 11, 12, 17. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000) Harbour Board PE 0-4-0ST no

In June 1914, SAR no. 01017 was transferred to Mosselbaai Harbour. The rest remained in service in Port Elizabeth Harbour.

Rhodesia Railways

In July 1929, SAR no. 01021 was sold to

Rhodesia Railways The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ), formerly Rhodesia Railways, is a state-owned company in Zimbabwe that operates the country's national railway system. It is headquartered in the city of Bulawayo. In addition to the headquarters, it has ...

(RR), where it was given RR number 5. The locomotive never actually left South Africa, since it was purchased for use as shop engine at the RR's

Mafeking Mafikeng, officially known as Mahikeng and previously Mafeking (, ), is the capital city of the North West province of South Africa. Close to South Africa's border with Botswana, Mafikeng is northeast of Cape Town and west of Johannesburg. In ...

Workshop, staffed by SAR personnel. The engine was eventually scrapped in 1940.Durrant, A.E. (1997). ''The Smoke that Thunders'', (1st ed.). Harare: African Publishing Group. pp. 28-29. .Pattison, R.G. (2005). ''Thundering Smoke'', (1st ed.). Ilminster, Somerset: Sable Publishing House. p. 39. .

Locomotives no. 1012 to 1014

In the classification and renumbering lists of the SAR, published in 1912, three additional locomotives of uncertain origin are listed as Port Elizabeth Harbour locomotives. Two of them are listed as CGR numbers 1012 and 1013, built by

Peckett and Sons Peckett and Sons was a locomotive manufacturer at the Atlas Locomotive Works on Deep Pit Road between Fishponds and St. George, Bristol, England. Fox, Walker and Company The company began trading in 1864 at the Atlas Engine Works, St. George, ...

, while the third is listed as CGR no. 1014, built by Lowca Engineering Company. Also considered obsolete by the SAR, they were also renumbered with a numeral "0" prefixed to their CGR numbers. These locomotives are shown here solely for the sake of completeness and because their PEHB letters and CGR and SAR numbers immediately precede those of the eight locomotives which are the subject of this article. It has since been discovered that the builder's details about the first two of these locomotives in the Rolling Stock Register was incorrect, possibly as a result of the locomotives getting equipped with replacement parts, such as new boilers bearing the markings of a manufacturer other than the original locomotive builder. * The first locomotive, PEHB A, then CGR no. 1012, then SAR no. 01012, was built by Fox, Walker and Company, a predecessor of

, as a Class W , ex-works in December 1876 and landed in Port Elizabeth in April 1877. Its erroneous description as a Peckett locomotive could possibly be as a result of the Peckett name appearing on replaced parts on the locomotive. PEHB 0-4-0ST no

* How the first two locomotives both came to be described as Peckett locomotives in the 1912 renumbering lists is not known, since no records have been found of another Fox, Walker or Peckett locomotive which could have ended up on the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board roster. The second locomotive, PEHB B, then CGR no. 1013, then SAR no. 01013, was more likely to be a 0-4-0ST engine that was originally delivered to the Despatch Brickmaking & Woolwashing Company in Port Elizabeth, built in 1881 by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. The Port Elizabeth Harbour Board Report for 1903 refers to the purchase of a small tank locomotive from the Despatch Brick Works. Since Andrew Barclay occasionally employed

Ogee An ogee ( ) is the name given to objects, elements, and curves—often seen in architecture and building trades—that have been variously described as serpentine-, extended S-, or sigmoid-shaped. Ogees consist of a "double curve", the combinatio ...

shaped tanks and since no other tank locomotives of this shape ever came to South Africa, it can be safely assumed that the engine depicted is the Despatch engine. * The third locomotive, PEHB C, then CGR no. 1014, then SAR no. 01014, is believed to be Lowca Engineering's works no. 232 of 1898, which initially went to the Table Bay Harbour Board (TBHB), where it is believed to have been the TBHB's second no. 3 which was probably transferred to Port Elizabeth before 1901.

Works numbers

The builders, works numbers, order dates, original numbers and letterings, renumbering and disposition of the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board locomotives of 1894 are listed in the table. The Fox, Walker and Lowca locomotives are included in the table.Contents of email received from Dr John Middleton, Washington, dated 17 November 2013. Transcripts copied to Table Bay Harbour locomotives by Black, Hawthorn & Chapman and Furneaux for retention and easy reference.

References

{{Locomotives of South Africa 0840 0-4-0ST locomotives B locomotives Steam locomotives of Rhodesia Black, Hawthorn locomotives Chapman & Furneaux locomotives Hudswell Clarke locomotives Fox, Walker locomotives Lowca Engineering locomotives Cape gauge railway locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1894 1894 in South Africa Scrapped locomotives