' ( en,

police action In military/security studies and international relations, police action is a military action undertaken without a formal declaration of war. Today the term counter-insurgency is more used. Since World War II, formal declarations of war have bee ...

s) refers to two major military offensives undertaken by the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

and

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

against the

Republic of Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Ind ...

during its struggle for independence in the

Indonesian National Revolution The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during Aftermath of WWII, postw ...

. In Indonesia they are known collectively as the ' ( en, Dutch Military Aggressions), although the term ' is also used. *

Operation Product Operation Product was a Dutch military offensive against areas of Java and Sumatra controlled by the Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution.Vickers (2005), p. 99 It took place between 21 July and 4 August 1947. Referr ...

took place from 21 July until 5 August 1947. ** Product North referred to the amphibious landing on Pasir Putih,

East Java East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean bord ...

. ** Product East encompassed the amphibious action in the Meneng Bay. ** Product South referred to the southward offensive launched from

Porong Porong is a district in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It has a population of 68,243 (2018). Located about south of the regency seat, it bordered by Krembung in the west, Pasuruan Regency in the south, Tanggulangin in the north. Villages ...

. *

Operation Kraai Operation Kraai (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the ''de facto'' Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's t ...

, took place from 19 December 1948 until 5 January 1949. ** Actions of the ''

Mariniersbrigade The ''Mariniersbrigade'' ( en, Marine Brigade) was a Marines, marine unit set up by the Dutch government-in-exile during World War II, which existed between 1943 and 1949. It was formed as part of the Dutch contribution to the Allies of World War ...

'' in East Java were instead referred to as Operation Zeemeeuw.

Other "police actions"

* Operation Trackman (

Gresik Gresik Regency ( older spelling: Grissee, ) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the Surabaya northern and western suburbs, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java ...

, 10 Augustus 1946) * Operation Quantico (Gresik, 19 August 1946) * Operation Ideaal (

Mojokerto Mojokerto ( jv, ꦩꦗꦏꦼꦂꦠ (''Måjåkěrtå'')) is a city in East Java Province, Indonesia. It is located 40 km southwest of Surabaya, and constitutes one of the component units of the Surabaya metropolitan area (known as Gerbangkert ...

, 17 March 1947) *

Malang Malang (; ) is a landlocked List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of East Java. It has a history dating back to the age of Singhasari, Singhasari Kingdom. It is the second most popul ...

Operation (30 June 1947) * Operation Carthago ( Asembagus, 5 September 1947) * Operation Albatros (

Pacitan Pacitan Regency ( id, Kabupaten Pacitan) is a regency located in the southwestern corner of East Java Province, with Central Java Province on its western border. Located between 7.55° - 8.17°S and 110.55° - 111.25°E. The borders of Pacitan Re ...

, 12 January 1949) * Operation Otter ( Prigi Bay, 7–18 April 1949) * Paciran Operation (20–28 May 1949)

Other "police actions"

References

Further reading