Poliovirus receptor-related 1 (PVRL1), also known as nectin-1 and CD111 (formerly herpesvirus entry mediator C, HVEC) is a human protein of the
immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), also considered a member of the
nectins.
It is a membrane protein with three extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic tail. The protein can mediate
Ca2+-independent
cellular adhesion further characterizing it as IgSF cell adhesion molecule (IgSF CAM).
Function
PVRL1 is an adhesion molecule found in a wide range of tissues where it localizes in various junctions such as the
adherens junction of
epithelial tissue
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellu ...
or the
chemical synapse of
neurons
A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. N ...
. The cytoplasmic tail of PVRL1 can bind the protein
afadin
Afadin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AFDN'' gene.
Function
Afadin is a Ras (see HRAS; MIM 190020) target that regulates cell–cell adhesions downstream of Ras activation. It is fused with MLL (MIM 159555) in leukemias caused ...
which is a scaffolding protein that binds
actin.
In the chemical synapse PVRL1 interacts with
PVRL3 (nectin-3) and both proteins can be found in neuronal tissue already in early stages of brain development as well as in aging brains. The two proteins have been found to localize asymmetrically along the chemical synapse, with PVRL1 primarily on the
axonal side and PVRL3 on the
dendritic side.
The protein has been revealed as one of the key players in mediating cellular entry of the
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomical names ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' and '' Human alphaherpesvirus 2'', are two members of the human ''Herpesviridae'' family, a set of viruses that produce viral inf ...
by interacting with the viral glycoprotein D (gD).
See also
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Cluster of differentiation
Interactions
PVRL1 has been shown to
interact with
MLLT4.
References
Further reading
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External links
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Clusters of differentiation
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