Phytolaccaceae
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Phytolaccaceae is a
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s. Though almost universally recognized by
taxonomists In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given ...
, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the
Pokeweed ''Phytolacca americana'', also known as American pokeweed, pokeweed, poke sallet, dragonberries, and inkberry, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the pokeweed family Phytolaccaceae. This pokeweed grows . It has simple leaves on green ...
family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. The family comprises five
genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
, totalling 33 known
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
. It is divided into the subfamilies Agdestioideae and Phytolaccoideae, with the former Rivinioideae in the Takhtajan system, now placed in its own family
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...


Genera and species

The Phytolaccaceae includes the following genera: *''
Agdestis ''Agdestis'' is a genus of flowering plants containing a single species ''Agdestis clematidea'', a vine native to Florida, Texas, Mexico, and Central America. Its common name rockroot refers to the large boulder-like root. Taxonomy ''Agdestis'' ...
'' Moc. & Sessé ex DC. — 1 species *'' Anisomeria'' D.Don — 3 species *'' Ercilla'' A.Juss. — 2 species *''
Nowickea ''Nowickea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Phytolaccaceae. It is native to Mexico. The genus name of ''Nowickea'' is in honour of Joan W. Nowicke (b. 1938), an American botanist who worked for the Smithsonian Institutio ...
'' J.Martínez & J.A.McDonald — 2 species *''
Phytolacca ''Phytolacca'' is a genus of perennial plants native to North America, South America and East Asia. Some members of the genus are known as pokeweeds or similar names such as pokebush, pokeberry, pokeroot or poke sallet. Other names for species ...
'' L. — ca 25 species


Former genera

The following genera were previously included in the Phytolaccaceae: *''
Achatocarpus ''Achatocarpus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs belonging to the family Achatocarpaceae. It is distributed throughout tropical South America, predominantly in Argentina. 15 species have been described, but only 9 accepted. Taxonomy The genus w ...
'' Triana →
Achatocarpaceae The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical Sout ...
*''
Barbeuia ''Barbeuia madagascariensis'' is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar. ''Barbeuia'' has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the ...
'' Thouars →
Barbeuiaceae ''Barbeuia madagascariensis'' is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar. ''Barbeuia'' has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the ...
*''
Gallesia ''Gallesia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae. It only contains one species; ''Gallesia integrifolia'' (Spreng.) Harms Its native range is western South America to Brazil. It is found in the countrie ...
'' Casar. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*''
Gisekia ''Gisekia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is the only genus in the family Gisekiaceae. The family was recognized in the APG II system (2003) and assigned to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. This represents a change from t ...
'' L. → Gisekiaceae *''
Hilleria ''Hilleria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae. Its native range is southern Tropical America. It is found in the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. It has ...
'' Vell. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*''
Gyrostemon ''Gyrostemon'' is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae, endemic to Australia. Species include: *'' Gyrostemon australasicus'' (Moq.) Heimerl – Camel Poison *'' Gyrostemon brownii'' S.Moore *'' Gyrostemon dit ...
'' Desf. →
Gyrostemonaceae Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...
*''
Ledenbergia ''Ledenbergia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae. Its native range is Mexico to southern Tropical America. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Venez ...
'' Klotzsch ex Moq. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*''
Lophiocarpus ''Lophiocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lophiocarpaceae The Lophiocarpaceae are a family of flowering plants comprising mostly succulent subshrubs and herbaceous species native to tropical to southern sub-Saharan ...
'' Turcz. →
Lophiocarpaceae The Lophiocarpaceae are a family of flowering plants comprising mostly succulent subshrubs and herbaceous species native to tropical to southern sub-Saharan Africa to western India. It includes the genera '' Corbichonia'' and '' Lophiocarpus''.An ...
*'' Microtea'' Sw. →
Microteaceae ''Microtea'', the jumby peppers, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Microteaceae, native to the Caribbean islands, Central America, and South America. Species ''Microtea'' was originally placed in the Phytolaccaceae, but now have the ...
*''
Monococcus ''Monococcus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with ab ...
'' F.Muell. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*''
Petiveria ''Petiveria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pigeonberry family, Petiveriaceae. The sole species it contains, ''Petiveria alliacea'', is native to Florida and the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States, Mexico, Central A ...
'' L. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*''
Phaulothamnus ''Phaulothamnus'' is a genus of plants formerly included in the family Phytolaccaceae but now considered a part of the Achatocarpaceae. Only one species is recognized: ''Phaulothamnus spinescens'' A. Gray, native to Texas, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leà ...
'' A.Gray →
Achatocarpaceae The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical Sout ...
*''
Rivina ''Rivina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Petiveriaceae. The name honors German botanist Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (1652-1723). Selected species * ''Rivina brasiliensis'' Nocca * ''Rivina humilis'' L. – Pigeonberry (America ...
'' L. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*'' Schindleria'' H.Walter →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*''
Seguieria ''Seguieria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae. Its native range is southern America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (northern, north-east, southern, south-east and west-central), Colombia, Costa Ric ...
'' Loefl. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...
*'' Stegnosperma'' Benth. →
Stegnospermataceae ''Stegnosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of three species of woody plants, native to the Caribbean, Central America, and the Sonoran Desert. These are shrubs or lianas, with anomalous secondary thickening in mature stems, by ...
*''
Trichostigma ''Trichostigma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Petiveriaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Phytolaccaceae. It is native to the Caribbean islands, Central America, and South America. The genus consists of perennial shrubs ...
'' A.Rich. →
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...


References


External links


Phytolaccaceae
in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
The families of flowering plants
descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 30 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com
Phytolaccaeae in the ''Flora of North America''

Phytolaccaeae in the ''Flora of China''

NCBI Taxonomy Browser


Caryophyllales families {{Caryophyllales-stub