![809 Phycella cyrtanthoides](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/809_Phycella_cyrtanthoides.jpg)
''Phycella'' is a genus of
herbaceous
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
The fourth edition of t ...
,
perennial
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...
bulbous
In botany, a bulb is structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf basesBell, A.D. 1997. ''Plant form: an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. that function as food storage organs durin ...
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s belonging to the family
Amaryllidaceae
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus ''Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis fa ...
, subfamily
Amaryllidoideae
Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae ''s.s.'', amaryllids) is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then ...
. The genus consists of five species distributed from central
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
to northwestern
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
.
[
]
Taxonomy
The genus was described by John Lindley
John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.
Early years
Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...
in 1825.[ After further examining specimens of ''Amaryllis ignea'' (see illustration) that he had described the previous year as '']Amaryllis
''Amaryllis'' () is the only genus in the subtribe Amaryllidinae (tribe Amaryllideae). It is a small genus of flowering bulbs, with two species. The better known of the two, ''Amaryllis belladonna'', is a native of the Western Cape region of S ...
'', with some reservation, Lindley concluded they were a separate genus, naming two species, ''P. ignea'', and ''P. cyrtanthoides'' (previously ''A. cyrtanthoides''). Subsequently, it was considered these were the same plant, and ''P. ignea'' was reassigned to a synonym for ''P. cyrtanthoides''.[
]
Phylogeny
''Phycella'' is located in the American (Hippeastroid) clade of the Amaryllidoideaetribe, where it is placed in tribe Hippeastreae
Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying ...
, subtribe Traubiinae
'' Phycella cyrtanthoides''
Traubiinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family ( Amaryllidaceae).
Description
Bulbous perennial herbaceous plants ...
. In molecular phylogenetic analysis, ''Phycella'' forms a sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and t ...
to the remainder of the Hippeastreae. In 1996 the Müller-Doblies' had situated it in subtribe Hippeastrinae based on morphological criteria, by submerging it in ''Hippeastrum
''Hippeastrum'' () is a genus of about 90 species and over 600 hybrids and cultivars of perennial herbaceous bulbous plants. They generally have large fleshy bulbs and tall broad leaves, generally evergreen, and large red or purple flowers. ...
''. A detailed study of in-depth relations within Hippeastreae revealed a more complicated situation wit regard to the Chilean-Argentinian taxa
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
which had not been well represented in earlier studies. There was strong support for two major clades, representing two subtribes, with ''Phycella'' and three other genera (but not ''Hippeastrum'') forming the Traubiinae. This study also showed that one species of ''Famatina
Famatina is a town in the province of La Rioja, Argentina. It has 6,371 inhabitants as per the , and is the only municipality in the Famatina Department. Located in fertile valley between Sierra de Famatina and Sierra de Velasco Famatina's econ ...
'' (''F. maulensis'') segregated with ''Phycella'', and was therefore submerged in it as ''Phycella herbertiana
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
''.[ By contrast the remaining three ''Famatina'' species segregated with '']Rhodophiala
''Rhodophiala'' was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae). It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially ...
'' and were therefore grouped in Hippeastrinae together with ''Hippeastrum''. Consequently, ''Famatina'' has been extinguished as separate genus. The genus ''Placea'' was also submerged in ''Phycella'', resulting in about 13 species in total.
Subdivision
13–14 species are described:
* ''Phycella amoena
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' Nic.García syn.
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...
''Placea amoena''
* ''Phycella arzae
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' (Phil.) Nic.García syn. ''Placea arzae''
* ''Phycella australis
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' Ravenna
Ravenna ( , , also ; rgn, Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 408 until its collapse in 476. It then served as the cap ...
* ''Phycella brevituba
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' Herb.
* ''Phycella chilensis
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' (L’Hér.) Grau ex Nic.García syn. ''Amaryllis chilensis'' L’Hér.
* ''Phycella cyrtanthoides
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' (Sims
Sims, sims or SIMS may refer to:
Games
* ''The Sims'', a life simulation video game series
** ''The Sims'' (video game), the first installment, released in 2000
** ''The Sims 2'', the second installment, released in 2004
** '' The Sims 3'', th ...
) Lindl.
John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.
Early years
Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...
* ''Phycella davidii
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' (Ravenna) Nic.García syn. ''Placea davidii''
* '' Phycella fulgens'' (Hook.f.) Nic.García, syn. ''Habranthus fulgens'' Hook.f.
* '' Phycella germainii'' (Phil.) Nic.García syn. ''Placea germainii'' Phil.
* ''Phycella herbertiana
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' Lindl. syn.
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...
''Famatina maulensis'' Ravenna[
* '' Phycella lutea'' (Phil.) Nic.García ''Placea lutea'' Phil.
* '']Phycella maulensis
''Phycella'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.
Taxonomy ...
'' (Ravenna) Nic.García & J.M.Watson syn. ''Famatina maulensis'' Ravenna
* '' Phycella ornata'' (Miers) Nic.García syn. ''Placea ornata'' Miers
* '' Phycella scarlatina'' Ravenna [Pl. Life 37: 69 (1981)]
References
Bibliography
* The International Plant Names Inde
''Phycella''
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q9059179
Amaryllidoideae
Amaryllidaceae genera