''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

plants,

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or dwarf shrub is a short shrub, and is a woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Der ...

s and

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s in the family

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. The name ''Phlomis'' derives from a Greek word for "flame", and may refer to the leaves' use in ancient times as lamp wicks. Common names include Jerusalem sage and lampwick plant.

Description

The overall size varies between species from 30 cm tall up to 2 m tall. The

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

are entire, opposite and decussate (each leaf pair at right angles to the next) and rugose or reticulate veined. The

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s (floral leaves) are similar or different from the lower leaves. All parts are frequently covered with hairs. The bracteoles are

ovate Ovate may refer to: *Ovate (egg-shaped) leaves, tepals, or other botanical parts *Ovate, a type of prehistoric stone hand axe *Ovates, one of three ranks of membership in the Welsh Gorsedd *Vates In modern English, the nouns vates () and ovat ...

, lanceolate or linear. The flowers are arranged in whorls called verticillasters which encircle the stems. The stems are usually square in section with rounded corners, although tomentum on the stems can make them appear circular. The colour of the flowers varies from yellow to pink, purple and white. The

calyx Calyx or calyce (plural "calyces"), from the Latin ''calix'' which itself comes from the Ancient Greek ''κάλυξ'' (''kálux'') meaning "husk" or "pod", may refer to: Biology * Calyx (anatomy), collective name for several cup-like structures ...

tubular Tubular may refer to: *having the form of a hollow cylinder, or tube *having the form of a cylinder *''Tubular'', a television-related entertainment blog on the ''Houston Chronicle'' website *''Tubular'', a level in the video game ''Super Mario Wor ...

or campanulate with five or ten veins visible. Five teeth, either all equal or with the outer two longer than the others. The upper lip is hood shaped and laterally compressed (''P. tuberosa'', however, has an uncompressed lip with a dense bearded edge). The lower lip is ''trifid'', the central lobe being larger than the lateral ones. There are four

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s ascending under the upper lip.

Anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

with forked end, the upper fork being shorter than the lower. The fruits are four three-sided,

nutlet A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, a wide variety of dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell ...

s, and sometimes topped with hair, sometimes glabrous. The root system can be very extensive; roots of 6-week-old seedlings have been measured at 0.7 m. ''Phlomis'' species are the only host plants of the moths '' Coleophora phlomidella'' and '' C. phlomidis''.

Systematics

The following species belong to genus ''Phlomis'', but some of them are now distributed in the genus '' Phlomoides''.GRIN Species Records of ''Phlomis''.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

''Phlomis''

* '' Phlomis armeniaca'' * '' Phlomis bourgaei'' * ''

Phlomis bovei ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * '' Phlomis cashmeriana'' * '' Phlomis chrysophylla'' * '' Phlomis crinita'' * '' Phlomis fruticosa'' - Jerusalem sage * '' Phlomis grandiflora'' * '' Phlomis herba-venti'' * ''

Phlomis inaequalisepala ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of herbace ...

'' * ''

Phlomis italica ''Phlomis italica'', the Balearic Island sage, is a species of flowering plant in the mint and sage family Lamiaceae, native to the Balearic Islands of Spain, and cultivated as a temperate ornamental plant. It is an evergreen shrub with large, o ...

'' * ''

Phlomis lanata ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * '' Phlomis longifolia'' * ''

Phlomis lychnitis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' - lampwick plant * ''

Phlomis lycia ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * ''

Phlomis purpurea ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * '' Phlomis rigida'' * ''

Phlomis russeliana ''Phlomis russeliana'', Turkish sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Turkey and Syria in south west Asia. It is often confused with the closely related '' P. samia'', and wrongly marketed as ''Phlomis viscosa' ...

'' * ''

Phlomis samia ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' * ''

Phlomis tathamiorum ''Phlomis tathamiorum'' is a plant species endemic to a small area near the town of Ehden in northern Lebanon. It grows in rocky mountain pastures at elevations of 1400–1700 m. The plant is under threat due to proposed development of the land f ...

'' from Lebanon * ''

Phlomis viscosa ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

''Phlomoides''

* ''

Phlomis alpina ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called ''

Phlomoides alpina ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

'' * '' Phlomis betonicoides'' now called ''

Phlomoides betonicoides ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

'' * ''

Phlomis bracteosa ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called '' Phlomoides bracteosa'' * '' Phlomis macrophylla'' now called ''

Phlomoides macrophylla ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

'' * '' Phlomis maximowiczii'' now called ''

Phlomoides maximowiczii ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

'' * ''

Phlomis melanantha ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called '' Phlomoides melanantha'' * '' Phlomis milingensis'' now called '' Phlomoides milingensis'' * '' Phlomis oreophila'' now called '' Phlomoides oreophila'' * ''

Phlomis pratensis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of herbace ...

'' now called '' Phlomoides pratensis'' * '' Phlomis rotata'' now called '' Phlomoides rotata'' * '' Phlomis spectabilis'' now called '' Phlomoides spectabilis'' * '' Phlomis tuberosa'' now called '' Phlomoides tuberosa'' * ''

Phlomis umbrosa ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' now called '' Phlomoides umbrosa'' * '' Phlomis younghusbandii'' now called ''

Phlomoides younghusbandii ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. ''Phlomoides'' now comprises the fo ...

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q157874 Lamiaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus