Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (german: Philipp I., Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen; 1476 – 4 September 1551, Herzberg) was a member of the

House of Guelph The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse ...

. He was ruler of the Principality of Grubenhagen. He was the second son of Duke Albert II of Grubenhagen and his wife Elizabeth, née Countess of Waldeck. Philip was the last member of the Grubenhagen line to use the title ''Duke of Brunswick''. His successors used the title ''Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg'', like most other princes of the

. After his father's death in 1485, he was first under the guardianship of his cousin Henry IV and his mother Elisabeth. As early as 1486 he signed deeds himself. In 1494, he took up the government of his principality. His seat,

Herzberg Castle Herzberg Castle (german: Schloss Herzberg) is a German ''schloss'' in Herzberg am Harz in the district of Göttingen in the state of Lower Saxony. The present-day, quadrangular building has its origins in the 11th century as a medieval '' castl ...

, was completely destroyed in a fire in 1510. His cousin Henry died childless in 1526 and Philip inherited Henry's part of the principality, thereby reuniting all of Grubenhagen under a single Duke for the first time since 1479. Philip was one of the first princes to follow the

Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

. He was present at the

Diet of Worms The Diet of Worms of 1521 (german: Reichstag zu Worms ) was an imperial diet (a formal deliberative assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms. Martin Luther was summoned to t ...

in 1521 and joined the League of Torgau in 1526. In 1531, he formed, with other princes, the

Schmalkaldic League The Schmalkaldic League (; ; or ) was a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century. Although created for religious motives soon after the start of the Reformation, its members later came to ...

. He then reformed the monasteries in his principality and in 1538, he adopted a

Church order Church order is the systematically organized set of rules drawn up by a qualified body of a local church. P. Coertzen. ''Church and Order''. Belgium: Peeters. From the point of view of civil law, the ''church order'' can be described as the intern ...

for Grubenhagen and declared the papal doctrine to be abolished. In 1546 Philip and his sons participated in a military campaign in the

Schmalkaldic War The Schmalkaldic War (german: link=no, Schmalkaldischer Krieg) was the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (simultaneously King Charles I of Spain), commanded by the Duk ...

in southern Germany, which ended unsuccessfully at

Ingolstadt Ingolstadt (, Austro-Bavarian: ) is an independent city on the Danube in Upper Bavaria with 139,553 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2022). Around half a million people live in the metropolitan area. Ingolstadt is the second largest city in Upper Bav ...

. This campaign drew the ire of Emperor

Charles V Charles V may refer to: * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558) * Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain * Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise * Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690) * Infan ...

. After the utter defeat of the Protestants, he was acquitted in 1548 and reinstated as Duke. After his death in 1551, he was succeeded by his son Ernest III in the government, and after Ernest's death in 1567, Ernest was succeeded by his younger brother Wolfgang. When Wolfgang died in 1595 without male offspring, he was succeeded by Philip's youngest son,

Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...

. With Philip II's death without male offspring in 1596, the male line of the Grubenhagen line of the

died out.

Marriage and issue

Philip I. was married twice. His first wife probably died in childbirth, in 1509. They had one son: * Philip (1509–1512) He then married Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort (born October 1, 1501; died 1535). They had nine children: * Ernest III (born: 17 December 1518; died April 2, 1567), Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen : married Anne Margaret of Pomerania-Stettin (1551–1567) * Elizabeth (born: 18 March 1520, died 1520) * Albert (born: 20 October 1521; died in battle 20 October 1546) * Phillip (born: 10 June 1523, died 1531) * Catherine (born: 30 August 1524; died 24 February 1581) : married firstly Duke

John Ernest John Ernest (May 6, 1922 – July 21, 1994) was an American-born constructivist abstract artist. He was born in Philadelphia, in 1922. After living and working in Sweden and Paris from 1946 to 1951, he moved to London, England, where he lived and w ...

of Saxe-Coburg; : married secondly Philip II, Count of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg * John (born: 28 May 1526; died in the Battle of Saint-Quentin, 2 September 1557, Saint-Quentin, France) * Barbara (born:25 January 1528; died 1528) * Wolfgang (born: 6 April 1531; died 14 March 1595), Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen : married Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (1567–1595) *

(born: 2 May 1533, died: 4 April 1596), Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen : married

Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (16 November 1532 in Wolfenbüttel – 23 November 1595 at Herzberg Castle), was a princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by birth. She was abbess of the secular Gandersheim Abbey and later Duchess of Brunswick-G ...

(1595–1596)

Ancestors

References

* Paul Zimmermann: ''Das Haus Braunschweig-Grubenhagen'', Wolfenbüttel, 1911 *

External links

Information about Philip I at www.Welfen.de
{{DEFAULTSORT:Philip 01 Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen Princes of Grubenhagen 1476 births 1551 deaths Old House of Brunswick