Philip (or Philips) Galle (1537 – March 1612) was a Dutch publisher, best known for publishing

old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition. The term remains current in the art trade, and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of "fine art" produced in printmakin ...

s, which he also produced as designer and engraver. He is especially known for his reproductive

engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a Burin (engraving), burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or Glass engraving, glass ...

s of paintings.

Life

Galle was born in

Haarlem Haarlem (; predecessor of ''Harlem'' in English) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland. Haarlem is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropoli ...

in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, where he was a pupil of the humanist and engraver Dirck Volkertsz. Coornhert. According to the RKD, he married Catharina van Rollant on 9 June 1569. They had five children who later became active as artists: Theodoor,

Cornelis Cornelis is a Dutch language, Dutch form of the male given name Cornelius (name), Cornelius. Some common shortened versions of Cornelis in Dutch are Cees, Cor, Corné, Corneel, Crelis, Kees (given name), Kees, Neel and Nelis. Cornelis (Kees) an ...

, Philips II, Justa (who married the engraver

Adriaen Collaert Adriaen Collaert (c. 1560 – 29 June 1618) was a Flemish designer and engraver. Biography The estimated year of his birth at Antwerp is between 1555 and 1565.

) and Catharina (who married the engraver Karel de Mallery).Philips Galle
in the RKD In Haarlem he engraved several works of the Haarlem painter

Maarten van Heemskerck Maarten van Heemskerck or ''Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen'' (1 June 1498 - 1 October 1574) was a Dutch portrait and religious painter, who spent most of his career in Haarlem. He was a pupil of Jan van Scorel, and adopted his teacher's Itali ...

. Even while he worked from 1557 for the Antwerp publisher

Hieronymus Cock Hieronymus Cock, or Hieronymus Wellens de Cock (1518 – 3 October 1570) was a Flemish painter and etcher as well as a publisher and distributor of prints.

, he established himself as an independent printer in Haarlem in 1563, where he made prints after Johannes Stradanus and

Maerten de Vos Maerten de Vos, Maerten de Vos the Elder or Marten de Vos (1532 – 4 December 1603)Maerten de Vos
at the

. In 1569 the series of Counts of Holland and Zeeland was published, a series of six engravings which he made in Haarlem with

Willem Thibaut Willem Thibaut, Tybaut, or Tibout (1524–1597), was a Dutch Golden Age painter. Biography According to the RKD, Thibaut lived and worked in Haarlem, but made the cartoons for the two stained-glass windows in Sint Janskerk in 1570. Accordin ...

, just before moving to Antwerp somewhere near the end of 1569 or the start of 1570, probably to avoid the Siege of Haarlem. His first house in Antwerp was most probably a house called Het Gulden Hert (The Golden Deer), opposite the house of the mapmaker Ortels (also known as Ortelius). He managed Cock's press and succeeded Cock in 1570 and was received as a citizen of Antwerp the following year. The work contains an ''approbatio'', or permission from the ecclesiastical (Roman Catholic) authorities to publish. Galle had a difficult relationship with religion and political power during his entire life. He was a friend of the Antwerp printer Christopher Plantin and perhaps part of the secretive humanist circle of the ''

Familia Caritatis The ''Familia Caritatis'', also known as the Familists, was a mystical religious sect founded in the sixteenth century by Henry Nicholis, also known as Niclaes. ''Familia Caritatis'' translates from Latin into "Family of Love", and in other la ...

'' (Family of Love), which makes it difficult to place him as Catholic or Protestant during the

Dutch Revolt The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) (Historiography of the Eighty Years' War#Name and periodisation, c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and t ...

. Some of his numerous prints made in Antwerp were after

Anthonie van Blocklandt Anthonie Blocklandt van Montfoort, Anthonie van Blocklandt or Anthonie van Montfoort (1533 or 1534 - 18 October 1583) was a Dutch painter. Life He was born in Montfoort, where his father was at one time mayor. He went to learn under Hendrick Swe ...

, Hans Bol, Marcus Gheeraerts, Gerard Groening, and Hans Vredeman de Vries. Galle had many pupils who became popular engravers. The map engraver

Cornelis de Hooghe Cornelis de Hooghe (1541, in The Hague – 1583, in The Hague) was a 16th-century engraver and mapmaker from the Northern Netherlands. Biography Cornelis de Hooghe, born in 1541 in The Hague (the Netherlands) as a bastard of Charles V, after this ...

(or Hogius),Cornelis de Hooghe
in the RKD who later died a gruesome death when he was beheaded and quartered in the Hague because of a conspiracy against the state, received his education when Galle still lived in Haarlem, while De Hooghe already worked for himself at the moment Galle moved to Antwerp. Galle's son Cornelis followed him as an engraver. Early works by Cornelis shows a striking similarity to the work of his father. Philip Galle's press and publishing house was a success. His pupils included his children, de Hooghe,

Hendrick Goltzius Hendrick Goltzius, or Hendrik, (; ; January or February 1558 – 1 January 1617) was a German-born Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and painter. He was the leading Dutch engraver of the early Baroque period, or Northern Mannerism, lauded for his ...

Jan Baptist Barbé Jan Baptist BarbéHans Collaert Adriaen and

Jan Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to: Acronyms * Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN * Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code * Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group * Japanese Article Num ...

, and Karel van Mallery. His sons and sons-in-law carried on the business at Antwerp through the seventeenth century.

Writings

As a resident of Antwerp, Galle witnessed numerous events of the Eighty Years War, notably the siege and looting of the town in 1576 by the Spaniards, called "The Spanish Fury". Galle wrote a ''Cort Verhael'', a short chronicle of these events, which was published around the end of 1578. This booklet, which included several maps, was dedicated to archduke Matthias of Austria, a relative of the legal king

Philip II of Spain Philip II) in Spain, while in Portugal and his Italian kingdoms he ruled as Philip I ( pt, Filipe I). (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent ( es, Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from ...

, but not recognised by him as a ''landvoogd'' or supervisor of the country. A later print was dedicated to Jean de Bourgogne, lord of Froidmont or Fromont. This rather personal book, which was translated in several languages soon after its first publication, shows Galle as a peace-loving person who intended to stay far away from the political and military turmoil of his era.

Death

He died in

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

in March 1612.

Gallery

Pictures from the ''Theatri Orbis Terrarum Enchiridion'' 1585 File:1585 Theatri Orbis Plantinus Page0003 Titel.jpg, Titlepage File:Page0030 Germania.JPG, Germania File:1577 85 Zeland Plantinus 47.jpg, Zelandicarum File:1585 Vlaanderen Plantinus 44a.JPG, Flandria + text Engravings attributed to Galle File:Portret Macropedius, Philips Galle.jpg, Macropedius File:Abraham Ortelius Color.jpg, Ortelius File:Mors ultima linea rerum.jpg, Death is the ultimate limit File:Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Alchemist.JPG, The Alchemist; after Breugel File:1565 Triumph of Death Galle.jpg, Triumph of Death File:Battle of Mons Regonis (Stradanus, Philips Galle).jpg, Battle at Mons Regonis File:Phillipp Galle Zuckermühle.jpg, Sugarmill File:Island20x1024.jpg, Northern Europe 1577

Notes

References

* Philips Galle (1537–1612): engraver and print publisher in Haarlem and Antwerp, by Manfred Stefan Sellink, 1997. * Den Haag in den Geuzentijd; by Jakob Smit, Uitgegeven met steun van de Vereeniging "Die Haghe" MCMXXII, 1922, pp. 330–334.

External links

Book plates of fish by Collaert
Peacay's BibliOdyssey blog

Webpage on Philip Galle

Digital version of: Theatri orbis terrarum enchiridion / minoribus tabulis per Philippum Gallaeum exaratum.
Website on Cornelis de Hooghe

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Galle, Philip 1537 births 1612 deaths Artists from Haarlem Dutch printers Dutch Golden Age printmakers 16th-century engravers 17th-century engravers Flemish engravers Renaissance engravers