Phidippus Toro

''Phidippus'' is a genus in the family Salticidae ( jumping spiders). Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green chelicerae. ''Phidippus'' is distributed almost exclusively in North America, with the exception of two exported species ('' Phidippus audax'' and '' Phidippus regius'').Edwards, G. B. (2004). pp. vii, 4–6. , there were about 80 described species in the genus. Species previously described in ''Phidippus'' which are found in India and Bangladesh do not belong in this genus.

Name

The genus name is likely derived from Cicero's speech ''Pro Rege Deiotaro'' (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus): Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros. Literally, the word means "one who spares horses" in Ancient Greek.Ubick ''et al.'' 2005

The name for the jumping spider family, Salticidae, also comes from the verb "to jump" in Latin.

Species

, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:
* '' Phidippus adonis'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
* '' Phidippus adumbratus'' Gertsch, 1934 – United States
*'' Phidippus aeneidens'' Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
*'' Phidippus albocinctus'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
* '' Phidippus amans'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
* '' Phidippus albulatus'' F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
* '' Phidippus apacheanus'' Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 – United States, Mexico, Cuba
* '' Phidippus ardens'' Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus arizonensis'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus asotus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus audax'' ( Hentz, 1845) – North America, introduced in Hawaii, Nicobar Islands
* ''Phidippus aureus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
*''Phidippus bengalensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India
*'' Phidippus bhimrakshiti'' Gajbe, 2004 – India
* '' Phidippus bidentatus'' F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – United States to Costa Rica
*''Phidippus birabeni'' Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
* ''Phidippus boei'' Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus borealis'' Banks, 1895 – United States, Canada, Alaska
*'' Phidippus calcuttaensis'' Biswas, 1984 – India
* ''Phidippus californicus'' Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
* ''Phidippus cardinalis'' (Hentz, 1845) – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus carneus'' Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus carolinensis'' Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus cerberus'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
* ''Phidippus clarus'' Keyserling, 1885 – North America
* '' Phidippus comatus'' Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
* ''Phidippus concinnus'' Gertsch, 1934 – United States
* '' Phidippus cruentus'' F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
* ''Phidippus cryptus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States, Canada
* '' Phidippus dianthus'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
*'' Phidippus exlineae'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
* ''Phidippus felinus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
* '' Phidippus georgii'' Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – Mexico to El Salvador
*'' Phidippus guianensis'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
*'' Phidippus hingstoni'' Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
* ''Phidippus insignarius'' C. L. Koch, 1846 – United States
* ''Phidippus johnsoni'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – North America
* '' Phidippus kastoni'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
*''Phidippus khandalaensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India
* '' Phidippus lynceus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
* '' Phidippus maddisoni'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
*'' Phidippus majumderi'' Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
* '' Phidippus mimicus'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
* ''Phidippus morpheus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus mystaceus'' (Hentz, 1846) – United States
* ''Phidippus nikites'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus octopunctatus'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus olympus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
* ''Phidippus otiosus'' (Hentz, 1846) – United States
* ''Phidippus pacosauritus'' Edwards, 2020 – Mexico
* ''Phidippus phoenix'' Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus pius'' Scheffer, 1905 – United States to Costa Rica
* ''Phidippus pompatus'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
* '' Phidippus princeps'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Canada
* ''Phidippus pruinosus'' Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States
*'' Phidippus punjabensis'' Tikader, 1974 – India
* ''Phidippus purpuratus'' Keyserling, 1885 – United States, Canada
* ''Phidippus putnami'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States
* '' Phidippus regius'' C. L. Koch, 1846 (United States, West Indies, Easter Island – introduced)
* ''Phidippus richmani'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
*'' Phidippus tenuis'' (Kraus, 1955) – El Salvador
* ''Phidippus texanus'' Banks, 1906 – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus tigris'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
*''Phidippus tirapensis'' Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
* '' Phidippus toro'' Edwards, 1978 – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus tux'' Pinter, 1970 – United States, Mexico
* ''Phidippus tyrannus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
* '' Phidippus tyrrelli'' Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
* ''Phidippus ursulus'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
* ''Phidippus venus'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
* ''Phidippus vexans'' Edwards, 2004 – United States
* ''Phidippus whitmani'' Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Canada
* '' Phidippus workmani'' Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States
*'' Phidippus yashodharae'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
*''Phidippus zebrinus'' Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
* ''Phidippus zethus'' Edwards, 2004 – Mexico

Misplaced species

In addition to the species above, several species have been misplaced in the genus (according to Edwards' revision) but have yet to be transferred to other genera. These include:
* '' Phidippus aeneidens'' Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
* '' Phidippus albocinctus'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
* ''Phidippus bengalensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India
* '' Phidippus bhimrakshiti'' Gajbe, 2004 – India
* ''Phidippus birabeni'' Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
* '' Phidippus calcuttaensis'' Biswas, 1984 – India
* '' Phidippus exlineae'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
* '' Phidippus guianensis'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
* '' Phidippus hingstoni'' Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
* ''Phidippus khandalaensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India
* '' Phidippus majumderi'' Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
* '' Phidippus punjabensis'' Tikader, 1974 – India
* '' Phidippus tenuis'' Kraus, 1955 – El Salvador
* ''Phidippus tirapensis'' Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
* '' Phidippus yashodharae'' Tikader, 1977 – Andaman Is.
* ''Phidippus zebrinus'' Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina

References

Bibliography

* (1965): Observations on Three Species of ''Phidippus'' Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). '' Psyche'' 72:133-14
PDF
(''P. californicus'' = ''P. coccineus'', ''P. apacheanus'', ''P. octopunctatus'' = ''P. opifex'')
* (editors) (2005): Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. ''American Arachnological Society''
* (2004): Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus ''Phidippus'' (Araneae: Salticidae). ''Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods'' 11: i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.

External links

Videos

* David Edwin Hill: Portrait of feeding female ''Phidippus audax'' â€
Video
* David Edwin Hill: Variable female forms of the jumping spider ''Phidippus clarus'' â€
Video

Pictures

* Awesome Spiders

* ttp://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_jumping_P_mystaceus.htm ''Phidippus mystaceus'' photographs, adult male specimenbr>''Phidippus princeps'' reference photographs



Picture of ''Phidippus'' species
(free for noncommercial use)

{{Taxonbar, from=Q137284

Salticidae
Spiders of North America
Salticidae genera