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, nickname = Translation: "Second Passover"
, observedby =
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
s
, type = Jewish
, date = 14th day of
Iyar
Iyar ( he, אִייָר or , Standard ''ʾĪyyar'' Tiberian ''ʾĪyyār''; from akk, 𒌗 𒄞 itiayari " rosette; blossom") is the eighth month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei) and the second month of the Jewish religious year (w ...
, date =
, date =
, date =
, date =
, celebrations = Some
Chasidic
Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contem ...
Jews conduct a
seder
The Passover Seder (; he, סדר פסח , 'Passover order/arrangement'; yi, סדר ) is a ritual feast at the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted throughout the world on the eve of the 15th day of resembling a Passover seder
">significance = Day to make up the ''
'' (Pascal lamb sacrifice) if missed on Passover
">relatedto =
Pesach_Sheni_(Hebrew_language">Hebrew_
Hebrew_(;_;_)_is_a__Northwest_Semitic_language_of_the_Afroasiatic_language_family._Historically,_it_is_one_of_the_spoken_languages_of_the_Israelites_and_their_longest-surviving_descendants,_the_Jews_and__Samaritans._It_was_largely_preserved__...
:_פסח_שני,_translation.html" ;"title="Hebrew_language.html" "title="Passover
Pesach Sheni (Hebrew language">Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
: פסח שני, translation">trans. ''Second Passover'') occurs every year on 14
Iyar
Iyar ( he, אִייָר or , Standard ''ʾĪyyar'' Tiberian ''ʾĪyyār''; from akk, 𒌗 𒄞 itiayari " rosette; blossom") is the eighth month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei) and the second month of the Jewish religious year (w ...
. This is exactly one month after 14 Nisan, the day before Passover, which was the day prescribed for bringing the ''Korban Pesach'' ("Paschal offering", i.e. Passover lamb) in anticipation of that holiday. As described in the source text for this
mitzvah
In its primary meaning, the Hebrew word (; he, מִצְוָה, ''mīṣvā'' , plural ''mīṣvōt'' ; "commandment") refers to a commandment commanded by God to be performed as a religious duty. Jewish law () in large part consists of discus ...
(), the Israelites were about to celebrate Passover one year after leaving Egypt.
The offering of the ''Korban Pesach'' was at the core of that celebration. However "certain men" were
ritually impure
Ritual purification is the ritual prescribed by a religion by which a person is considered to be free of ''uncleanliness'', especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may ...
from contact with human corpses, and were therefore ineligible to participate in the ''Korban Pesach.'' Faced with the conflict of the requirement to participate in the ''Korban Pesach'' and their ineligibility due to impurity, they approached
Moses
Moses hbo, מֹשֶׁה, Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ, ); syr, ܡܘܫܐ, Mūše; ar, موسى, Mūsā; grc, Mωϋσῆς, Mōÿsēs () is considered the most important pro ...
and
Aaron
According to Abrahamic religions, Aaron ''′aharon'', ar, هارون, Hārūn, Greek (Septuagint): Ἀαρών; often called Aaron the priest ()., group="note" ( or ; ''’Ahărōn'') was a prophet, a high priest, and the elder brother of ...
for instructions, which resulted in the communication of the law of ''Pesach Sheni.''
Observance during the Temple period
Eligibility
As described in , a Jew may bring the ''Korban Pesach'' on ''Pesach Sheni'' if s/he was ritually impure due to contact with a dead body or was on a "distant journey". As elucidated in
Mishnah
The Mishnah or the Mishna (; he, מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb ''shanah'' , or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions which is known as the Oral Torah ...
Pesahim
Pesachim ( he, פְּסָחִים, lit. "Paschal lambs" or "Passovers"), also spelled Pesahim, is the third tractate of ''Seder Moed'' ("Order of Festivals") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. The tractate discusses the topics related to the Jewi ...
(9:1–4)
and its
Gemara
The Gemara (also transliterated Gemarah, or in Yiddish Gemo(r)re; from Aramaic , from the Semitic root ג-מ-ר ''gamar'', to finish or complete) is the component of the Talmud comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah w ...
:
* The definition of "distant journey" for this purpose is generally construed liberally.
* All types of ritual impurity are generally included, not only those due to contact with a human body.
In net effect, anyone unavoidably prevented from offering the ''Korban Pesach'' on Passover may do so on Pesach Sheni provided that most of the nation were pure and brought on the first Passover. However one may not intentionally defer the ''Korban Pesach'' if it is in his/her power to offer it on Passover.
Similarities and differences compared to Passover
The Mishnah (9:3)
and Gemara outline the following similarities and differences in the laws of the ''Korban Pesach'' when it is offered on ''Pesach Sheni'', compared to when it is offered on Passover:
Same:
* The particulars of the sacrifice itself—what animals can be used, that it must be roasted, that it must be eaten together with
matzo
Matzah or matzo ( he, מַצָּה, translit=maṣṣā'','' pl. matzot or Ashk. matzos) is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival, during which '' chametz'' (leaven and ...
and
bitter herbs, that its bones cannot be broken, that it is eaten until midnight, that any leftovers must be burned.
*
Hallel
Hallel ( he, הַלֵּל, "Praise") is a Jewish prayer, a verbatim recitation from Psalms which is recited by observant Jews on Jewish holidays as an act of praise and thanksgiving.
Holy days
Hallel consists of six Psalms (113–118), which ...
is recited during its offering, offering overrides
Shabbat
Shabbat (, , or ; he, שַׁבָּת, Šabbāṯ, , ) or the Sabbath (), also called Shabbos (, ) by Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the week—i.e., Saturday. On this day, religious Jews remember the biblical storie ...
prohibitions, only those previously "registered" prior to slaughter may partake.
Different:
* The only restriction concerning
''chametz'' (leavened food) is that it cannot be eaten with the ''Korban Pesach''. It is otherwise permissible to own it, and to see it in plain sunlight, unlike on Passover.
* More generally, the full seven-day ''Ḥag haMatzot'' (Festival of Unleavened Bread)—the holiday now commonly referred to as Passover—is not observed in conjunction with Pesach Sheni.
* Hallel is not recited at the meal when the ''Korban Pesach'' is consumed, unlike on Passover.
* Rabbi
Moses Sofer
Moses Schreiber (1762–1839), known to his own community and Jewish posterity in the Hebrew translation as Moshe Sofer, also known by his main work ''Chatam Sofer'', ''Chasam Sofer'', or ''Hatam Sofer'' ( trans. ''Seal of the Scribe'', and acron ...
was of the opinion that unlike ''Korban Pesach'' proper, which was slaughtered after the ''Korban Tamid'' (the bidaily diurnal offering), ''Korban Pesach Sheni'' was slaughtered before the ''Tamid''. His opinion is in contrast with what is written in the ''
Tosafot
The Tosafot, Tosafos or Tosfot ( he, תוספות) are medieval commentaries on the Talmud. They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes.
The auth ...
'', which asserts that ''Pesach Sheni'' is likewise slaughtered after the ''Tamid''.
Observance in modern times
Due to the destruction of the
Temple in Jerusalem
The Temple in Jerusalem, or alternatively the Holy Temple (; , ), refers to the two now-destroyed religious structures that served as the central places of worship for Israelites and Jews on the modern-day Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusa ...
, Jews are unable to perform the Passover sacrifice, neither on Passover nor on Pesach Sheni. Some have the
custom
Custom, customary, or consuetudinary may refer to:
Traditions, laws, and religion
* Convention (norm), a set of agreed, stipulated or generally accepted rules, norms, standards or criteria, often taking the form of a custom
* Norm (social), a r ...
to eat matzo during Pesach Sheni in memory of the sacrifice.
Others say that the reason for eating Matzo is because the 14th of Iyar was the day that the Matzo that was taken out of Egypt was finished.
Some have the custom to omit
Tahanun
''Tachanun'' or ''Taḥanun'' ( he, תחנון "Supplication"), also called ''nefilat apayim'' ( he, נפילת אפיים "falling on the face"), is part of Judaism's morning (''Shacharit'') and afternoon (''Mincha'') services, after the recitati ...
from the daily prayer service, though this custom is not observed universally.
In Hasidism
Pesach Sheni is relatively prominent in
Chabad
Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (), is an Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic group ...
as well as in
Hasidic
Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contem ...
thought. One theme commonly expressed for this holiday is ''second chances.''
In several Hasidic groups, the ''
rebbe
A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritua ...
'' conducts a ''
tish
''TISH'' was a Canadian poetry newsletter founded by student-poets at the University of British Columbia in 1961. The publication was edited by a number of Vancouver poets until 1969. The newsletter's poetics were built on those of writers associa ...
'' on Pesach Sheni.
The
Rebbes
A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritua ...
of
Nadvorna and related groups conduct a ''tish'' with four cups of wine, matza and
maror
''Maror'' ( he, מָרוֹר ''mārôr'') refers to the bitter herbs eaten at the Passover Seder in keeping with the biblical commandment "with bitter herbs they shall eat it." (Exodus 12:8).
Biblical source
In some listings of the 613 comman ...
, in the manner of a ''seder''.
See also
*
Chol HaMoed, the intermediate days of Passover and Sukkot.
*
Isru chag
English translation: 'Bind the Festival'
, observedby = Jews in Judaism
, begins = The night immediately following the Three Pilgrimage Festivals
, ends = At nightfall of the day following the Three Pilgrimage Festivals
, observances = Minor: Most ...
refers to the day after each of the
Three Pilgrimage Festivals
The Three Pilgrimage Festivals, in Hebrew ''Shalosh Regalim'' (שלוש רגלים), are three major festivals in Judaism—Pesach (''Passover''), Shavuot (''Weeks'' or ''Pentecost''), and Sukkot (''Tabernacles'', ''Tents'' or ''Booths'')—when a ...
.
*
Mimouna
Mimouna ( he, מימונה, ar, ميمونة, Berber: Mimuna, ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏⴰ) is a traditional Maghrebi Jewish celebration dinner, that currently takes place in Morocco, Israel, France, Canada, and other places around the world where Jews of ...
, a traditional North African Jewish celebration held the day after Passover.
*
Purim Katan is when during a Jewish leap year Purim is celebrated during Adar II so that the 14th of Adar I is then called Purim Katan.
*
Shushan Purim
Purim (; , ; see Name below) is a Jewish holiday which commemorates the saving of the Jews, Jewish people from Haman, an official of the Achaemenid Empire who was planning to have all of Persia's Jewish subjects killed, as recounted in the Boo ...
falls on Adar 15 and is the day on which Jews in Jerusalem celebrate Purim.
*
Yom Kippur Katan
Yom Kippur Katan ( translation from Hebrew: "Minor Day of Atonement"), is a practice observed by some Jews on the day preceding each Rosh Chodesh. The observance consists of fasting and supplication, but is much less rigorous than that of Yom Kipp ...
is a practice observed by some Jews on the day preceding each Rosh Chodesh or New-Moon Day.
*
Yom tov sheni shel galuyot
''Yom tov sheni shel galuyot'' ( he, יום טוב שני של גלויות), also called in short ''yom tov sheni'', means "the second festival day in the Diaspora", and is an important concept in halakha (Jewish law). The concept refers to the ...
refers to the observance of an extra day of Jewish holidays outside of the land of Israel.
References
External links
Torah.org; Pesach Sheni, the "Second" PesachShulchanaruchharav.com Pesach Sheiyni-Laws & Customs
{{authority control
Hebrew names of Jewish holy days
Iyar observances
Minor Jewish holidays
Passover
Positive Mitzvoth
Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law